舰舷结构与均质靶板等效关系的基本方法

按照能量等效原则,以穿靶后战斗部的剩余速度相等为基础,运用统计概率分析方法,建立了舰舷结构靶板与均质靶板之间的等效关系.在以打击舰船为目标的半穿甲战斗部穿靶能力试验中确定相应均质靶板厚度,以达到简化试验用靶板及显著减少试验次数的目的.     

加筋板架结构与均质靶板等效关系的数值分析

为使用廉价均质钢等效替代加筋板架结构进行弹丸威力考核试验,运用LS-DYNA软件对板架结构和均质靶板的弹体穿甲过程进行数值模拟,分析了均质靶板的厚度和加筋板架结构不同弹着点对弹头穿靶能力的影响,并基于剩余速度理论,运用数值模拟和统计概率分析相结合的方法,建立了加筋板架结构与均质靶板之间的等效关系。结果表明：在工程应用上使用37 mm厚的均质靶板可替代给定加筋板架结构进行战斗部穿靶能力的考核。     

中等厚度金属靶板的三阶段贯穿模型

研究了刚性尖头弹侵彻贯穿中等厚度金属靶板问题。考虑靶板背表面开裂的影响,在有限厚度金属靶板两阶段侵彻模型的基础上,引入开裂侵彻深度概念,提出一个三阶段侵彻贯穿模型。基于不可压缩弹塑性材料有限球形空腔膨胀理论和等效拉伸应变断裂准则,得到弹头表面径向压力、开裂侵彻深度的解析解和弹头侵彻阻力的数值解,由Runge-Kutta法求解弹体运动微分方程,得到极限速度、剩余速度的数值解。与小截锥刚性锥头弹侵彻铝合金靶板弹道试验数据比较,本文模型计算结果与试验吻合很好。计算表明,弹头长度和靶板厚度对侵彻阻力的影响十分明显。     

超高速钨合金长杆弹对混凝土侵彻及损伤破坏的数值分析

采用二维拉格朗日弹塑性流体力学计算程序LTZ-2D,分析了超高速钨合金长杆弹侵彻混凝土靶板的过程以及靶板的损伤破坏情况.计算结果表明,与低速侵彻规律相同,截卵形弹头以及较大的长径比更有利于弹体对靶板的侵彻,但对混凝土靶板造成的损伤相对较小;由于弹体失效的影响,存在一个临界速度,当弹体的着靶速度高于临界速度时,弹体对靶板的侵彻能力随着撞击速度的提高而降低.     

尖头刚性钨弹贯穿铝合金靶的数值模拟分析

对具有圆锥形头部的刚性杆式钨弹侵彻和贯穿薄铝靶板进行了有限元数值模拟分析。弹和靶采用两种尺寸:第一种尺寸与实验的弹和靶尺寸相同;第二种尺寸考虑了弹头部锥角的微小变化对其贯穿靶的影响。同时,计及了弹和靶之间的摩擦效应。通过数值模拟,获得了弹体贯穿靶后剩余速度、弹的速度时程曲线和弹头部锥角的变化对其贯穿靶威力的影响。计算结果表明,在同样条件下,弹贯穿靶后剩余速度与已有的结果相吻合,说明本文计算模型是有效和精确的。弹和靶之间的摩擦将降低弹的剩余速度。并且,弹的锥角变小,其侵彻、贯穿靶的威力将有所提高。     

钨合金弹侵彻圆柱壳靶板的数值模拟

利用ANSYS／LS—DYNA有限元软件,通过数值计算模拟了反导舰炮系统的钨合金弹侵彻反舰导弹的战斗部壳体的过程,分别计算了钨合金弹以不同的速度侵彻圆柱壳靶板的不同位置时子弹的剩余速度和剩余动能,并对钨合金弹侵彻相同厚度的圆柱壳靶板和平板靶板进行了比较。计算结果表明,子弹的侵彻位置对剩余速度和剩余动能影响很大,钨合金弹侵彻相同厚度的圆柱壳靶板和平板靶板的过程规律相似,只是在数值上有很小的差别。     

不同弹形撞击下泡沫铝夹芯结构动力学性能研究

为研究不同弹形撞击下泡沫铝夹芯结构的动力学性能,通过空气炮发射方式分别开展了球形弹、锥头弹和平头弹撞击泡沫铝夹芯板试验。基于非线性动力有限元软件LS-DYNA进行了不同弹形撞击泡沫铝夹芯板的数值仿真,分析了不同弹形、不同速度对夹芯板吸能特性的影响。试验结果与仿真结果一致性较好,结果表明：锥头弹撞击变形模式与球头弹撞击变形模式基本相同,平头弹侵彻过程中产生较严重的冲塞破坏,前面板和后面板呈现撕裂破坏模式,侵彻后夹芯被压实部分泡沫铝粘接在后面板上;锥形弹头部尖锐,弹头与靶的接触区域小、侵彻力大,平头弹的弹头和靶的接触区域大、侵彻力小,但靶面破坏区域大且撞击后效更大,球头弹则居于二者之间;当速度较低时,改善前面板和夹芯板的厚度以及材料性能可以较好地提升泡沫铝夹芯板的性能;当速度较高时,后面板吸能比例逐渐增大,重点改善后面板的厚度和材料性能可以较好地改善夹芯板抗侵彻性能。     

陶瓷/金属复合靶板抗弹性能数值模拟

利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA非线性有限元分析软件对陶瓷/钢复合靶板和陶瓷/铝合金复合靶板抗7.62mm穿甲子弹性能进行了研究。基于试验和数值模拟结果,在靶板面密度相同和靶板配置相同（厚度相同）时,分别研究2种靶板抗弹性能的差异;陶瓷面板厚度、金属背板厚度及陶瓷面板和金属背板厚度对2种靶板抗弹性能的影响,得出2种靶板的最优厚度比范围。     

刚性尖头弹侵彻有限厚度金属靶板分析模型

研究了刚性尖头弹以弹速或亚弹速垂直撞击有限厚度塑性金属靶板的侵彻问题。考虑靶板背表面自由边界的影响,建立并求解不可压缩弹塑性材料有限球形空腔膨胀模型,得到弹头表面径向压力的解析解。引入临界侵彻深度和临界撞击速度概念,提出一个两阶段侵彻模型。基于有限球形空腔膨胀模型,得到临界侵彻深度的解析解和弹体运动微分方程;用Runge- Kutta法求解微分方程,得到侵彻深度和临界撞击速度的数值解。与装甲钢靶板弹道试验数据比较,表明本文理论模型与试验吻合很好。     

靶板厚度对12.7 mm穿燃弹剩余速度和断裂特性的影响

为了获得12.7 mm穿燃弹侵彻30CrMnSi钢板的剩余速度和断裂特性,开展了12.7 mm穿燃弹侵彻不同厚度30CrMnSi靶板的试验研究,分别利用激光测速和测速靶测量了弹心穿靶前后的速度,通过改变靶厚获得了12.7mm穿燃弹对30CrMnSi靶板的极限穿深。然后使用LS-DYNA动力学软件,利用FEM网格与SPH粒子相结合的数值模拟方法对12.7 mm穿燃弹侵彻30CrMnSi靶板的过程进行了仿真计算。最后利用穿甲力学理论对穿燃弹的侵彻深度、剩余速度和不同厚度靶板的弹道极限进行了理论计算。结果表明：弹心剩余长度随着靶板厚度的增加而增加,弹心的侵蚀区域由弹身部位逐渐向弹尾移动,弹性区域逐渐扩大,并且随着靶板厚度的增加,靶板的弹道极限也随之增加,弹心侵彻靶板后的剩余速度逐渐降低,根据理论计算,12.7 mm穿燃弹对30CrMnSi靶板的理论侵彻深度约为27.7 mm,与试验结果相符。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.