氢氧化铝含量对聚酯/玻璃纤维复合材料阻燃性能和力学性能的影响

通过熔融混炼和模压成型工艺,制备含氢氧化铝(ATH)的干式不饱和聚酯/玻璃纤维(UP/GF)共混复合材料。采用氧指数法(LOI)和垂直燃烧法(UL94)表征UP/GF复合材料的阻燃性能,采用DMA研究UP/GF复合材料的动态力学性能,采用静态力学方法研究UP/GF复合材料的冲击和弯曲性能。结果表明:UP复合材料中,ATH的含量在25%时,既能够满足V—0级阻燃级别,氧指数值为28.7%,且材料的冲击和弯曲强度分别为5.66kJ/m2和58.72MPa,同时也有较好的动态力学性能。     

聚磷酸酯三聚氰胺在玻璃纤维增强尼龙6中的阻燃性能研究

以聚磷酸酯三聚氰胺(MPP)、改性烷基苯酚甲醛树脂(MAR)为阻燃剂,通过二者之间的协同效应改善尼龙6/玻璃纤维(PA6/GF)复合材料的阻燃性能。采用熔融共混法制备了添加不同MPP/MAR用量的PA6/GF复合材料,通过测定极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧等级、炭层形貌研究了二者的协同阻燃机理,并测试了PA6/GF复合材料的力学性能。结果表明:当MPP/MAR用量比为10/10时,LOI达到最大值29.3%,垂直燃烧等级为V-0级,热释放速率最低,仅为116.3 kW/m~2;添加MPP及MAR对于提高PA6/GF复合材料的力学性能具有一定作用。     

三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐/硼酚醛协效体系阻燃PA66/GF复合材料的研究

采用氮磷型阻燃剂三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐(MPP)与硼改性酚醛树脂(BPF)组成的复合阻燃体系对玻纤(GF)增强尼龙66( PA66)复合材料进行阻燃,获得了阻燃性能优异、力学性能良好的增强复合材料,研究了协效阻燃剂BPF/MPP配比、BPF/MPP用量及GF用量对阻燃复合材料阻燃性能的影响,采用微型燃烧量热和质量保持率分析方法研究了阻燃复合材料的燃烧及成炭行为,对复合阻燃剂的协效机理进行了讨论.结果表明,当BPF在BPF/MPP中的质量分数为15％时,添加25％ BPF/MPP复合阻燃剂可使20％ GF增强PA66复合材料达到V-0( 1.6 mm)阻燃级别,极限氧指数增加至25.3％,拉伸强度、弯曲强度、缺口冲击强度分别为116 MPa,132 MPa,7.1 kJ/m2.该复合材料可满足高性能无卤阻燃的使用要求.     

聚磷酸铵协同氢氧化铝阻燃不饱和聚酯复合材料性能

以不饱和聚酯树脂(UP)为基体,氢氧化铝(ATH)和聚磷酸铵(APP)为阻燃剂,研究两种阻燃剂对UP复合材料阻燃及力学性能的影响.采用极限氧指数(LOI)测试仪、垂直-水平燃烧试验仪、热重分析仪、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪和扫描电子显微镜等进行性能测试和表征.结果表明,单独使用ATH或APP作为阻燃剂,其质量分数分别为58....     

硼酸锌对氮磷协效阻燃玻纤增强尼龙66性能的影响

为提高三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐(MPP)和二乙基次膦酸盐(OP)协效阻燃玻纤(GF)增强尼龙66(PA66)的综合性能,引入少量的无机阻燃剂硼酸锌(ZB)作为协效剂,系统研究了不同添加量的ZB对阻燃材料的阻燃性能、热稳定性、力学性能和白度的影响。结果表明,当MPP和OP的总添加量为15%,复配0.5%的ZB时,阻燃GF增强PA66的垂直燃烧阻燃等级达到UL94 V–0级,且热释放总量由MPP/OP体系的15.4 k J/g降为13.7 k J/g;ZB的引入促进了连续、致密炭层的形成,增强了凝聚相阻燃;ZB增强了阻燃材料的热稳定性,ZB复配量为1.0%的阻燃材料的初始降解温度提高到了301℃,有效避免了加工过程中的降解;当ZB添加量为1.0%时,阻燃材料的拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度分别为100.9 MPa和4.22 k J/m~2,均优于未添加阻燃剂的纯GF增强PA66;同时,样品的白度得到了明显提升,有利于阻燃GF增强PA66的工业化应用。     

氢氧化铝和炭黑对丁腈橡胶-聚氯乙烯复合材料硫化性能的影响

以氢氧化铝(ATH)为复合材料的添加型阻燃剂填充到丁腈橡胶-聚氯乙烯共聚物(NBR/PVC)体系中,采用不同比例的ATH和炭黑(CB)2种填充剂交替添加,制备出NBR/PVC复合材料;使用Haake流变仪对NBR/PVC复合材料基体的硫化参数和流变过程进行了研究,并与NBR/PVC纯树脂及含硅酮表面处理的ATH复合材料进行了对比试验。结果表明:使用硅酮对ATH的表面进行处理,虽然对NBR/PVC树脂材料不是非常有效,但能促进体系中无机填充剂和聚合物的空间点阵的交互作用;改变了ATH与树脂的比例,改善了它们的相互作用和加工性能,并通过流变过程得以验证。     

基于ADPP的无卤阻燃PBT/GF复合材料阻燃性能研究

以二丙基次膦酸铝(ADPP)、ADPP/三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐(MCA)和ADPP/三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐(MPP)为阻燃剂制备了无卤阻燃聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯/玻璃纤维(PBT/GF)复合材料,并利用锥形量热仪系统评价了不同阻燃体系对其阻燃性能的影响。结果表明:三种阻燃体系的阻燃效果为ADPP≈ADPP/MPPADPP/MCA;ADPP与MPP间有一定的阻燃协效作用,且ADPP和ADPP/MPP阻燃体系能更有效地延缓PBT/GF复合材料火焰的传播,具有良好的阻燃效果。     

PLA/DDGS/RDP/ATH复合材料的制备及性能研究

以聚乳酸为基体,将酒糟(DDGS)、间苯二酚双(二苯基磷酸酯)(RDP)与氢氧化铝(ATH)复配作为阻燃剂,通过熔融共混制得PLA/DDGS/RDP/ATH复合材料,同时研究了不同配方的复合材料的热稳定性能、力学性能和阻燃性能。结果表明,所制得的PLA/DDGS/RDP/ATH复合材料综合性能优异,当阻燃剂的总量为30%,且DDGS/RDP/ATH的质量比为1/1/4时,阻燃聚乳酸的LOI值达到24.5%,阻燃级别达V-2级。     

玻纤对阻燃聚甲醛复合材料阻燃性能、力学性能及流变行为的影响研究

采用熔融共混法制备了膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR)和玻纤(GF)增强改性的聚甲醛复合材料,利用垂直燃烧测试、极限氧指数测试、简支梁摆锤冲击试验机及万能力学测试仪考察了阻燃聚甲醛体系的阻燃性能及力学性能,并采用旋转流变仪测定了复合材料的流变性能。结果表明,质量分数为20%GF的加入使聚甲醛(POM)/IFR复合体系的拉伸强度提升15.8%,弯曲强度提升16.0%,冲击性能提升1倍。与未添加GF的复合体系相比,POM/IFR/GF复合材料表现出更高的动态模量和复数黏度。由于GF"烛芯效应"的作用,GF的加入未实现UL94阻燃等级。通过酚醛树脂对GF进行表面改性(m GF)后,POM/IFR/GF复合体系的极限氧指数(LOI)由22.7%提升至34.6%,力学性能略有提升,体系的模量、复数黏度均低于未改性GF增强体系。     

氢氧化铝对聚乳酸/再生废纸纤维材料的性能影响

制备聚乳酸(PLA)/再生废纸纤维(RNCF)复合材料,并研究阻燃剂氢氧化铝(ATH)的用量对PLA/RNCF复合材料综合性能的影响。结果表明:ATH不仅可以作为阻燃剂,也可以作为补强剂改善PLA/RNCF复合材料的力学性能。当ATH的质量分数为50%时,复合材料中ATH会出现团聚的现象。同时,ATH用量的增加,材料的热力学性能和吸水率也得到改善。     

Rheological and fire properties of a composite of unsaturated polyester resin and halogen‐free flame retardants

The main subject of the present research is to determine the impact of flame retarding fillers on macroscopic properties of composites. The effect on rheological properties of composition unsaturated polyester resin (UP) and flame retardant blend (FR) consisting of expandable graphite (EG) and or not modified silica and: (1) melamine polyphosphate (MPP) with ammonium polyphosphate (APP), (2) MPP with aluminum trihydrate (ATH), (3) only MPP was examined. Next, their influence on thixotropic properties of UP was estimated. FR fillers were compared according to their grain size, specific surface, and shape factor. Rheological properties were determined by applying hysteresis loop surface and thixotropy factor measuring. For the UP + FR composition, the dependence of grain morphological parameters, such as shape factor and specific surface, on viscosity and hysteresis loop surface was determined experimentally. All of the tested composites consisting of UP + 40% FR blend exhibits high flame resistance. An addition of only 2% of modified silica to all of the FR blends caused significant enlargement of hysteresis loop surface and thixotropy index. Hence, for the next stage of the research (an industrial test of GRP pipes casted by the centrifugal method) FR blend without modified silica was chosen. A composite consisting of UP, MP, APP and EG is characterized by lower heat release rate (HRR_max) (ca. 83%) and lower TSR (ca. 80%), ALMR (55%), and MARHE (73%) in comparison to UP resin; and that UP + FR composition exhibit satisfactory rheological properties as well. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44371.     

氢氧化铝/有机改性蒙脱土复合改性沥青性能研究

采用氢氧化铝(ATH)和两种有机改性蒙脱土(OMMT-C、OMMT-F)对沥青进行阻燃抑烟改性,旨在提高隧道沥青路面的阻燃抑烟性能。通过测试三大指标来评价ATH/OMMT复合改性沥青的常规性能,测试极限氧指数(LOI)与烟密度(SDR)来评价其阻燃抑烟性能,利用动态剪切流变(DSR)试验研究其流变性能。基于综合指数法优选出ATH/OMMT复合改性沥青的最佳复掺配比,通过热重(TG)试验分析了ATH/OMMT复合改性沥青的热解燃烧特性并建立了阻燃性能预测模型。研究结果表明,ATH/OMMT复合阻燃剂提高了沥青的稠度与软化点,降低了沥青的低温性能。当ATH掺量为10%(质量分数),OMMT-C掺量为3%(质量分数)时,复合改性沥青的综合性能最优,其极限氧指数大于23%,符合路用阻燃沥青的标准,同时烟密度相对基质沥青降低了33.9%,初始分解温度较基质沥青提高了3~6 ℃,分解残余量提高率最高可达61.3%。ATH/OMMT-C复合阻燃剂通过阻隔热交换通道提高了沥青的阻燃抑烟性能,通过增加沥青的弹性成分提高了沥青的复数模量与车辙因子,以及高温抗变形能力。     

UP/GF/TLCP原位混杂复合材料的性能研究

采用自行合成的双键液晶聚合物（TLCP）,通过原位复合的方法制备了不饱和聚酯（UP）／玻璃纤维（GF）／TLCP原位混杂复合材料。研究了TLCP用量对UP／GF／TLCP复合材料的磨损性能、流变性能和材料表面电阻和体积电阻的影响。结果表明,TLCP用量对材料的流变性能、磨损性能和吸水性能有较大影响,当加入质量分数为5％的TLCP时,材料的流动性能最好,熔体体积流动速率达到0．097cm^3／s;当TLCP质量分数为7．5％时,材料的磨损量比未加TLCP的材料减少50％;随着TLCP用量的增加,材料的吸水性降低;TLCP用量对材料电性能影响不大。     

Enhancement of fire retardancy properties of glass fibre–reinforced polyesters composites

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on the fire retardancy properties of glass fibre–reinforced polyester (GFRP) composites with bisphenol‐A vinylester and isophthalic polyester as matrices and low electrical conductivity E‐glass fibres as reinforcement. The fire protection systems tested were alumina trihydrate (ATH), decabromodiphenyl ether (DBDE), and antimony trioxide (Sb₂O₃). A mass loss cone calorimeter was used to obtain the properties of heat release rate (HRR), peak HRR, total heat released, total mass loss, time to ignition, and time of combustion. Moreover, limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL‐94, and glow‐wire tests were also performed. The fire tests were carried out in order to investigate if the combination of ATH and DBDE could have “additive,” “antagonistic,” or “synergistic” effects on the flame retardant properties of the GFRP studied in this work. In addition, the influence of the ATH content variation on flame retardant properties was also evaluated. The results indicate that the sole addition of ATH at 47.7 phr could lead to the complete inhibition of the composites ignition, while the materials containing DBDE exhibit ignition and flame propagation in the cone calorimeter test.     

Study on char reinforcing of different inorganic fillers for expandable fire resistance silicone rubber

Sodium silicate monohydrate (NSH), glass frits (GF) and aluminum hydroxide (ATH) were incorporated into room temperature vulcanized (RTV) silicone rubber (SR) as char reinforcing materials to improve the fire resistance of intumescent flame retardant silicone rubber. SR composites containing only intumescent flame retardant such as phosphorus nitrogen composite flame retardant (NH₂-C) and expandable graphite (EG) were used as comparison samples. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, vertical burning test (UL-94), flame resistance test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy tests, as well as volume variation and compression strength of char residues were used to discuss the effects of the above-mentioned fillers on the fire resistance, char residue strength and char integrity of SR composites. The results showed that SR composite filled with only intumescent flame retardants EG and NH₂-C had excellent flame retardancy. After adding ATH, the char residue was relatively dense and had good compressive strength, but its thermal insulation performance was reduced. GF or NSH reduced the flame retardancy of SR composites, but it obviously played a role in binding combustion residues, forming new crystals and improving the stability of char residues.     

Effect of different metallic hydroxides on flame‐retardant properties of low density polyethylene/melamine polyphosphate/starch composites

The flame retardancy of synthesized melamine polyphosphate (MPP) in combination with starch (ST) and different metallic hydroxides was investigated in low density polyethylene (LDPE) by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and vertical burning test. The results indicated that the LOI value of composite comprising Al(OH)₃(ATH) was higher than those of composites at the same additive loading with Mg(OH)₂(MH)or Fe(OH)₃(FH), which increased from 22 to 27%. And the composite comprising ATH passed V1 rating without causing molten drops. In addition, thermostability and morphology were characterized by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results demonstrated that the crystallization of the composites remained unaffected after the incorporation of metallic hydroxide. The thermal degradation behavior of LDPE composites and the morphology of residual charred layer were changed. It also can be concluded that there was a synergy between certain metallic hydroxide and MPP after analyzing the residual charred layer using X‐ray diffraction (XRD). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

新型低烟无卤阻燃电缆料的制备及表征

研究了以磷酸三甲苯酯(TCP)、水滑石(LDHs)、氢氧化铝(ATH)复配得到的复合阻燃剂对乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVM:AV含量大于40%)性能的影响。分别通过氧指数、水平燃烧和拉伸性能测试考察了TCP/LDHs/ATH/EVM复合材料的阻燃性能和力学性能。结果表明,当TCP/LDHs/ATH/EVA为20/35/35/100(质量份数)时,复合材料的极限氧指数(LOI)达到35.2,阻燃级别为FH-1;断裂伸长率达到280%,拉伸强度达到11.0MPa。此复合材料可用于制造阻燃电缆。     

Synergistic effects of aluminum hydroxide,red phosphorus,and expandable graphite on the flame retardancy and thermal stability of polyethylene

The flame-retardant low-density polyethylene (LDPE) composites loading aluminum hydroxide (ATH), red phosphorus (RP), and expandable graphite (EG) were successfully prepared. The flame retardancy, the thermo-oxidative stability, and the mechanical property of the composites were investigated. The synergistic effect of ATH, RP, and EG on the flame-retardant property and thermal behavior of LDPE were observed. The limiting oxygen index value of LDPE significantly increased from 17.1% to 25.4% upon the incorporation of 15 wt.% of the mixture of three fillers with ATH:RP:EG mass ratio of 1:1:1; and this composite achieved the V-0 classification of the UL94 vertical burning test. The thermogravimetric analysis of this composite under air atmosphere revealed that its residue weight remained 27.89% at 900°C. Furthermore, the results of tension tests indicated that the surface modification of ATH by magnesium stearate and RP by poly(methylhydrosiloxane) noticeably improved the tensile strength and the elongation of the composite.