传感器网络中基于数据压缩的汇聚算法

结合传感器网络的节点特性和位置信息,提出了一种基于连通支配集的传感器网络定向传播模型,以及一种基于"域"的分布式数据汇聚模型DDAM(distributed data aggregation model).DDAM把传感器网络按"域"划分来构建连通核,传感节点只需在连通核中寻径,因而可明显减少寻径时间复杂度并且具有更好的分布性;然后在该定向传播与数据汇聚模型基础上,考虑传感器网络的数据特性及小波变换在流数据压缩方面的良好性能,提出了一种基于区间小波变换的混合熵数据压缩方法.理论分析和实验仿真结果表明:对比传统的DC算法-DD路由算法相结合的算法,新算法能对传感器网络中的流数据进行有效压缩,可更大程度地降低传感器节点数据传输的能耗,从而进一步延长整个网络的生命周期.     

传感器网络中基于域的聚集算法

聚集运算是传感器网络查询处理中最重要的一个运算。提出了一种基于域聚簇的网内聚集算法PIA。在PIA中,首先结合传感器网络的节点特性和位置信息,提出了一种基于域的分布式数据汇聚模型,把传感器网络按域划分来构建连通核,查询只需在连通核中寻径,因而能明显降低寻径时间复杂度并且具有更好的分布性。在PIA中,核心节点把当前路径中的Max和Min值传送到节点上,如果节点的值不符合要求就放弃本次传送,因而能够明显减少数据的传送次数,从而达到节省能量的目的。理论分析和实验表明该算法较传统算法在节省能量上有较好的表现。     

传感器网络中能量高效的区域连接算法研究

提出了一种能量有效的区域连接算法PTRJ(power-effective two region join).在PTRJ中,首先利用基于域的分布式数据汇聚模型DDAM(distributed data aggregation model)把传感器网络按域划分来构建连通核,查询只需在连通核中寻径,因而能明显减少寻径时间复杂度并且具有更好的分布性.在区域连接算法中,借鉴分布式数据库中半连接的思想,只是把连接属性中的元组投送到路径中的某个区域进行匹配运算,并不需要把整个连接表在网络中进行发送,因而能够更好地节省能量.理论分析和实验表明该算法较传统算法在节省能量上有更好的表现.     

传感器网络中能量高效的聚集算法研究

聚集运算是传感器网络查询处理中最重要的一个运算.现有计算Max和Min的聚集算法中,大多是簇内节点把当前采集到的值发送到簇头节点,然后由簇头节点做聚集运算,选出本簇的Max或Min值.提出了一种能量有效的网内聚集算法PIA(power-efficient in-network aggregation).在PIA中,首先利用基于域的分布式数据汇聚模型DDAM(distributed data aggregation model)把传感器网络按域划分来构建连通核,查询只需在连通核中寻径,因而能明显减少寻径时间复杂度并且具有更好的分布性.在PIA中,核心节点把当前路径中的Max和Min值传送到节点上,如果节点的值不符合要求就放弃本次传送,因而能够明显减少数据的传送次数,从而达到节省能量的目的.理论分析和实验表明,该算法较传统算法在节省能量上有更好的表现.     

WSN的对偶密钥路径本地搜索算法

无线传感器网络中基于规则网络的密钥预置方案具有预置开销小、寻径快等特点,但这类方案直接对偶密钥建立的概率较低。该文基于已经存在的节点连通集团,针对传感器网络对偶密钥连通图,提出层次连通框架,定义节点层次连通度,给出节点本地搜索算法。仿真结果表明该算法能提高节点的平均密钥连通度。     

水下传感器网络自组织连通恢复仿真

针对水下恶劣环境与恶意攻击造成水下传感器连通损坏的问题,提出了一种水下传感器网络自组织连通恢复方法,首先分析水下传感器网络,获得中继节点,并使用该节点确定网络节点的分区和代替节点,然后通过MACRA算法中的模糊连通恢复机制与精准连通恢复机制,将水下传感器网络分割成多种具有一定规则的区域,并对局部区域节点密度计算,凭借计算结果完成传感器网络节点连通恢复,同时为了预防二次损坏情况,拟定阈值进而选取出备用节点,使传感器网络即使遭受二次损坏也能够及时的恢复.仿真结果证明,MACRA算法能够有效实现水下传感器网络自组织连通恢复,并且效率较高,不会浪费过多的资源.     

传感器网络中层次簇模型的数据压缩算法

提出一种传感器网络中层次簇模型的分布式数据压缩算法。将传感器网络映射成一个层次簇,基于低级簇内节点部署的相对规则性和超级簇内节点部署的相对不规则性,分别采用不同的小波变换模型来进行数据压缩。理论分析和实验仿真结果表明,该算法有较好的逼近性能,能对传感器网络中的数据进行有效压缩,可更大程度地降低传感器网络中的数据传输量,从而进一步延长整个网络的生命周期。     

基于正三角形区域划分的传感器网络覆盖与连通

在自组织传感器网络中,覆盖和连通是评价传感器网络性能的两个重要指标,而且这两个指标本身有着内在的关系,在一个不可靠的传感器网络中,这两者和传感器的失效概率密切相关.提出了一种传感器网络模型,并在此基础上提出了一种新颖的对ROI的正三角形区域划分方法.根据这种划分,得出了传感器的覆盖和连通概率与节点感知半径、发射半径、失效概率及节点数量之间的关系,对传感器网络的构建具有指导意义.     

无线传感器网络极小连通支配集算法的改进

无线传感器网络中,基于极小连通支配集的虚拟骨干网的构建使得路由搜索空间集中在支配节点之间,能够有效节省网络资源,减少冗余转发节点。首先提出连通支配集的数学模型。基于WL算法,提出改进的极小连通支配集分布式算法。仿真结果表明,改进算法求得的连通支配集较小,可为无线传感器网络中的路由协议提供通讯基础。     

传感器网络中一种支持多分辨率区域查询的数据存储方法

在传感器网络中,考虑到节点的通信开销在节点总能量开销中的比重大,以及用户由粗到细分辨率的不同查询需求,有必要在传感器网络中建立支持多分辨率的数据存储机制.首先提出了一种支持多分辨率的数据压缩存储策略 MDCS,节点基于 MDCS在网内产生多分辨率的近似结果;其次,给出了一种基于 MDCS的区域查询处理方法,根据用户给定的分辨率阈值去网内作区域查询处理,并将结果返回给用户.模拟实验表明,基于 MDCS的区域查询处理方法能够高效、低能耗地支持多分辨率的区域查询操作.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。