浅谈石化常用泵的比较

泵是油库的心脏,在石油储存和运输中广泛运用各种泵,掌握各类泵的优缺点、泵的使用范围和泵适合输送油品的种类对更好的利用各种泵尤为重要。只有合理的使用各类泵,才能保证泵的高效运行,才能确保油库的安全等。文章就是针对离心泵,容积泵,以及其他石化行业经常用到的泵做了一个比较细致的总结和概括。     

KFJ系列衬胶泵技术经济分析

<正> 目前国内常用的泵品种繁多,生产厂家也遍极全国各地,但按其材质结构大致可分为如下三大类。第一类为金属泵:如铸铁泵,不锈钢泵、钛合金泵、硬铝泵、高硅铁泵及特种合金材料泵等。第二类为非金属泵:如玻璃钢泵、塑料泵、陶瓷泵等。第三类为衬里泵:如村胶泵、衬塑泵、喷塑泵。 实践证明,金属泵一般来说加工工艺复杂,机身较重,维修不便,耐腐蚀的金属泵的造价较高,并且耐腐、耐磨性能因金属材     

离心泵与滑片泵流量脉动特性及串联实验研究

对离心泵和滑片泵的流量脉动特性进行研究,探讨两泵串联运行的可行性。然后建立以离心泵为前级泵、滑片泵为后级泵的串联实验平台,通过改变串联中间管路阻力和滑片泵的出口管路阻力对滑片泵的运行特性进行实验研究,实验结果表明:泵与管路所构成的系统流量小于或接近滑片泵的理论流量时,系统才能正常工作,否则会造成整个系统的流量和压力脉动;不可改变串联中间管路阻力,以免滑片泵偏离正常工作状态;可通过改变滑片泵的出口管路阻力调整泵和系统运行参数。     

提高机泵运行可靠性的途径

为了提高机泵运行的效率,解决机泵安全运行的问题,提高机泵的可靠性,应实施必要的维护保养措施,加强对机泵的安全操作及维修保养,保证机泵的零部件处于正常运行的状态,提高机泵的维护保养标准,确保机泵安全运行。     

基于逆向工程技术的冷却液气穴腐蚀新型试验泵适用性研究

选取一款国产的新型试验泵,验证其作为冷却液气穴腐蚀试验泵的适用性。从水力性能角度,在同一专业测试平台上,对新型试验泵与推荐用泵进行了对比试验。研究表明,新型试验泵与推荐用泵在水力性能和气穴腐蚀特性上高度吻合,验证了新型试验泵取代推荐用泵的适用性。     

循环化学清洗用泵

根据循环酸洗工艺选定泵的参数、泵型、泵结构和泵密封方式．按照选用的清洗剂的腐蚀性，确定泵过流部件的材质     

数值法选离心泵在油库设计中应用

在油库设计和油库运行中,泵选择的好坏决定油库的运行动力费用的高低。因此,合理选择离心油泵对油库运行费用起着关键作用。传统泵的选择采用画图法来选择泵,只要满足流量和扬程,并且泵在高效区运行就可以,并不考虑其他泵效率是否比其高。建立泵的数据库,运用数值法选泵,可以选择效率更高的泵。通过实例计算可以得出,利用数值法选取的泵效率最大可比符合条件的一般油泵效率高出5%左右。数值法选泵为油库设计和油库管理提供了理论依据。     

王南作业区气体影响治理方法与效果分析

在高油气比油井生产过程中,抽油泵基本都是在气液两相流环境下工作,当泵吸入口压力小于泡点压力时,气体以小气泡的形态存在于原油中;进入泵筒的气体对泵效的影响主要是降低泵的充满系数,具体表现在两方面：一、泵在抽汲过程中,泵吸入口处的自由气和因压力下降分离出来的溶解气,占去了泵筒内的部分空间,减少了泵的有效利用空间,降低了充满系数。二、由于泵内气体的存在,使泵阀不能正常启闭,原油不能及时充满泵筒,降低了泵的排量,甚至发生＂气锁＂,影响泵效。     

空心杆环腔稠油泵的选型探究

目前,稠油泵泵效问题日趋严重,直接影响原油的开采成本。本论文针对稠油开采中稠油粘度高、摩擦阻力大、原油不进泵、抽油杆柱下行困难、泵腔吸入面积偏小以及泵结构磨损等问题,参考各类文献,提出了结构优化措施的环腔泵空心杆环腔泵,解决了稠油不进泵及杆柱下行困难等问题,并可不动管柱进行测试和对稠油层注入蒸汽,实施蒸汽吞吐开采工艺。现场试验及应用表明,这种泵具有泵效高、结构简单、作业方便等优点。     

熔体泵的维护及故障排除

分析了熔体泵泵头滑动轴承的工作状态,密封系统的结构机理调节及泵头漏气的主要原因,通过对熔体泵正确维护,以减少磨损,以延长泵的使用寿命。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。