应变强化技术在深冷压力容器中的应用

与采用常规技术设计和制造深冷压力容器相比,采用应变强化技术设计和制造深冷压力容器能节省30%～45%的材料。深冷压力容器轻量化是提高企业市场竞争力的核心技术。通过统计和分析珠海森铂低温能源装备有限公司生产的深冷压力容器变形率数据,进一步优化深冷压力容器设计,有助于应变强化技术在深冷压力容器生产中的工程应用。     

我国高端压力容器设计制造与维护技术进展

压力容器是量大面广、具有潜在泄漏和爆炸危险的承压类特种设备,国家将其列为高端装备,要求提升产品质量与核心竞争力。21世纪初以来,我国压力容器行业科技工作者在极端压力容器设计制造、重型压力容器轻量化绿色制造、基于风险的完整性管理、数字化设计制造与维护等方面持续开展研究探索和工程实践,成果应用使得我国石化装置高端压力容器基本不再依赖进口、绿色制造技术水平显著提升、长周期运行维护能力显著增强。首先简要回顾21世纪初以来我国压力容器设计制造与维护技术进展;围绕推进新型工业化、加快建设制造强国质量强国、实施产业基础再造工程和重大技术装备攻关工程等国家重大战略,从工业强基、极端制造、绿色制造、智能制造等四个方面,阐述当前急需解决的技术难题;面向未来二十年新的应用场景和新一代人工智能技术应用,对压力容器发展趋势进行技术预见。     

我国压力容器设计制造与维护的绿色化与智能化

本世纪以来,我国压力容器科技工作者解决了过程工业生产规模大型化、介质环境苛刻化及安全长周期运行所面临的诸多技术难题,建立了基于全寿命周期风险可控的设计制造与维护技术方法,使得我国重要压力容器基本不再依赖进口,万台设备失效事故率逐年下降。然而,过程工业装置大型化导致的压力容器重型化问题愈发突出,不仅造成耗材耗能费工、加工制造困难,而且可能存在一定的安全隐患。如何在确保本质安全的前提下实现压力容器轻量化绿色设计制造,如何减少灾害条件下压力容器失效对环境造成的破坏污染,是我国"十二五"期间两个重点研究解决的突出问题。同时,近年来物联网、大数据等现代信息技术与人工智能技术快速发展,给我国压力容器传统技术带来了前所未有的机遇与挑战。如何与现代信息和人工智能技术深度融合,促进我国压力容器技术向数字化、网络化、智能化方向发展,也是我国压力容器技术工作者在"十二五"期间开始探索解决的另一个重要问题。本文简要回顾了"十二五"以来我国压力容器绿色化设计制造与维护、网络化远程运维技术进展,结合《中国制造2025》战略要求,提出了"十三五"期间以及今后人工智能发展背景下开展压力容器材料基因组与增材制造、网络协同制造与智能工厂、智能运行与维护等若干研究方向建议。     

企业

<正>合肥通用机械研究院"超大型压力容器轻量化的可靠性设计制造研究"课题通过验收3月20日上午,由合肥通用机械研究院牵头,华东理工大学、浙江大学、中国特检院、中石化洛阳工程公司、中石化南化公司化工机械厂等单位共同承担的"十二五863计划"先进制造技术领域"超大型压力容器轻量化的可靠性设计制造研究"课题,通过了国家科技部高技术研究中心组织的验收。科技部高技术中心先进制造处、安徽省科技厅有关领导出席会议。验收专家组由北京航空航天大学刘强教授、中国机械工业联合会     

压力容器设计及制造过程中降低应力集中的措施

文章阐述压力容器的主要特点,针对压力容器设计及制造过程中的应力集中问题进行综合分析,确定压力容器设计及制造过程中应力集中产生的主要原因,并在此基础上,从重点结构设计、边缘角度与应力控制、棱角角度、焊接工艺以及监督检验等方面入手,着重阐述压力容器设计及制造过程中应力集中的降低措施与要点,以期提升压力容器的质量水平和使用安全性。     

厚壁小直径板焊加氢反应器制造工艺

介绍了厚壁小直径板焊结构加氢反应器的制造过程和特点,阐述了关键制造工序及制造难点的解决方案,为制造厚壁小直径特殊材质板焊压力容器产品积累了经验。     

车身结构轻量化开发技术与实践

汽车轻量化不是简单意义上的用轻质材料替代原有材料,是在满足汽车使用要求和成本控制的条件下先进的设计技术与轻量化材料以及先进的制造技术相结合。包括从材料到零部件优化设计、先进制造技术、材料回收与再生技术、零部件维修技术等一系列关键支撑技术的突破。节能环保与汽车排放要求逐渐严格。轻量化是降低排放的有效途径,主要通过小型化、轻量化、紧凑型设计来实现节油耗降排放。     

热壁加氢反应器用封头的加工

加氢反应器作为压力容器制造水平的标志,对设备及封头生产有着特殊的要求,本文讲述了我国专业封头厂家第一次生产加氢封头的过程及结果,为我国专业封头厂家生产加氢封头积累了经验,打下了良好的基础。     

标准椭圆封头工艺增厚问题的讨论

通过对压力容器用标准椭圆封头的设计、采购、制造过程的阐述,指出了封头在设计、制造过程中存在的问题,提出将简体名义厚度做为封头名义厚度,从而满足压力容器制造的安全性与经济性,避免封头制造和使用方由于工艺增厚而引发价格纠纷。     

加氢反应压力容器的设计

基于国内外加氢反应压力容器发展历程和使用要求，设计了一种用于高温高压环境下原料油加工的压力容器。对该压力容器的筒体、封头及法兰等零件进行了设计、优化及校核，结果表明，所设计的加氢反应压力容器满足使用要求，结构可靠，使用性能良好，可为其他各类压力反应容器的设计提供一定的思路。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.