红谷牛奶的研制

以红豆、红米粉、全脂奶粉、花生酱等为主要原料制作一种复合蛋白饮料红谷牛奶,通过正交试验确定最佳感官配方为：3．0％全脂奶粉、3．0％红豆、1．0％红米粉、1．0％花生浆和7．5％白砂糖。通过对产品进行保温试验研究,得出最佳的乳化稳定剂的配方为：0．15％乳化剂（50％单甘酯和50％蔗糖脂肪酸酯）和0．05％结冷胶、0．12％黄原胶、0．03％的珏卡拉胶,此条件下能获得较好的感官品质和稳定性。     

淡水鱼川味休闲调味鱼干加工工艺研究

文章研究了川味休闲鱼干的加工工艺,探讨了腌制配方、干燥条件、调味配方对鱼干品质的影响,并对产品进行了感官评定和理化指标测定等.结果表明:鱼条的最佳腌制配方为食盐1.0％,白砂糖3.0％,料酒1.0％,味精1.0％;鱼条干燥条件为温度50℃,干燥4h.鱼干的最佳调味料配方为食盐0.05％,味精0.8％,胡椒粉0.2％,花椒粉0.6％,辣椒粉1.0％,孜然粉1.5％,植物油8％.并采用121℃高温灭菌15 min,对鱼干的软化具有一定的效果.     

五味子提取液抗氧化和抗镰孢菌作用及其对红鱼干基本特性的影响

为探究以乙醇为提取溶剂制备的五味子提取液(Schisandra chinensis extract,SCE)的抗氧化和抗镰孢菌效果及其对红鱼干加工过程基本特性的影响,通过DPPH、ABTS自由基清除率、总还原力确定SCE的抗氧化效果,菌直径确定其抗镰孢菌效果;将SCE涂于红鱼表面,腌制8 h,自然风干3 d,分析SCE对红鱼干基本特性的影响。结果表明:SCE具有较强清除DPPH和ABTS自由基的能力,IC50分别为1. 22和16. 75 mg/m L,且总还原能力较强;其对鱼干优势镰孢菌具有显著的抑制效果(P 0. 05)。SCE有利于保持红鱼干的基本营养成分,且能显著降低红鱼干加工过程的p H值、过氧化值和微生物生长(P 0. 05),说明SCE在红鱼干加工过程中具有抗氧化和抗菌效果。因此,SCE是一种优良的天然抗氧化剂和抑菌剂,具有开发成安全高效的天然防霉防腐剂的潜力。     

壳聚糖处理对鲜切菠萝防腐保鲜效果初探

对0．5％、1．0％、1．5％壳聚糖溶液处理鲜切菠萝的保鲜效果的影响进行了试验。结果表明，经壳聚糖溶液处理样品，鲜切菠萝的微生物生长、多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性被有效抑制；能有效减少VC、总糖的损耗；有一定的量效关系；鲜切菠萝的感官品质得到改善，延长贮藏期。     

提高甘薯糖渍制品质量的探讨

针对甘薯糖渍制品出现外观褐变、返砂、干瘪及保质期缩短等现象，用物理或化学手段加以控制。结果表明，以0．3％焦亚硫酸钠＋0．1％柠 檬酸＋0．25明矾＋1．55食盐溶液护色及硬化，糖煮时添加5％蜂蜜，0．3％－0．5％CMC－Na 电解质溶液，调整糖液浓度50％，pH2.5-3.0，煮沸时间45min，糖渍时添加乳酸钠以0．2g/100g干物质计，能有效地提高甘薯糖渍制品质量。     

生香活性干酵母提高食醋质量的应用试验

生香活性干酵母的食醋生产应用试验表明，试验样的感官质量及其总酸、总酯含量均比对照样有所提高；试验样（蒸馏液）香气成分的数量、含量和种类均比对照样（蒸馏液）多，尤其乙酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯的含量分别提高0．99％和1．22％；应用生香活性干酵母可提高食醋中香气成分的含量，改善了食醋香气，提高了食醋质量；生香活性干酵母的适宜用量为0．2％（对主粮）。     

普洱茶提取物对猪肉糜品质的影响

针对目前冷鲜肉制品保质期短、品质不稳定、易腐败变质等状况,考察了不同浓度普洱茶提取物（PETs）对冷却猪肉糜货架期的影响．结果表明,冷却猪肉糜中添加0．02％-0．12％的PETs后,在贮藏期间不仅可以有效抑制肠道茵群、假单胞茵和菌落总数的增殖,还可降低挥发性盐基氮和硫代巴比妥酸值的累积,增加红度值并保持猪肉糜良好的感官性状．     

低盐活性染料单体的选择

对各种活性红染料单体在不同盐用量下染色,通过对染色效果10S值和S、E、R、F以及分子结构溶解性能即无机性值／有机性值（I／0值）的分析发现,活性红3BFN、活性红3GF、活性红BBN和活性红6BL具有相对较好的低盐染色效果,可在低盐用量（30g／L以下）条件下染色;另外由于后3者染料的S、E、R、F值相近,因此其可作为拼混染料的组分。选择这3只染料作为低盐染色活性红染料的单体．数据显示．这3只染料均具有较好的染色提升力（可达到8％）。参考低盐活性红染料的筛选方法．又初步筛选出了低盐活性蓝RGN和低盐活性黄3RFN．指出其与低盐活性红合理复配．就可得到其他颜色的复配型低盐活性染料新品种．     

保湿熟面的研制

通过正交试验和感官测评确定保湿熟面最佳工艺：面粉100g、淀粉添加量12％、食盐1．5％、增稠剂0．3％、水40％,面团醒置时间2h。工艺中制作面条厚度为0．3-0．4cm,在98℃水中煮制8min至熟。经速冻后保持新鲜面条的黏弹性、色泽和食味性等,在-18℃下保藏效果较好,可达6个月以上。     

龙眼果肉干制预处理工艺的研究

以减轻龙眼果肉干制期间的皱缩变形及褐变度为目的,通过L9（34）正交试验设计,研究不同温度、热烫时间和冷却方式对热烫处理后龙眼果肉中多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性的影响,比较不同浓度配比护色液对龙眼果肉干制产品色泽和感官品质的影响,并采用正交试验设计优化工艺参数。结果表明：最佳的热烫工艺参数为热烫温度100℃、热烫时间3 min、室温冷却;0．10％抗坏血酸＋0．20％柠檬酸＋0．10％半胱氨酸＋0．10％CaCl 2的复合护色液可以保持龙眼果肉干制品的最佳品质。该工艺的实施能有效抑制龙眼果肉的褐变,使果肉在干制加工过程中保持自然色泽和良好风味,解决了产品干制后果肉皱缩变形、褐变严重、色泽差、二氧化硫残留等问题,并延长了产品保质期。     

褪黑素对小鼠抗氧化作用的影响

目的:研究小鼠在受到脂多糖(LPS)刺激时,褪黑素的抗氧化作用,并探讨其可能机制。方法:用脂多糖建立氧化应激模型,检测血清、小肠、肝脏和脾组织中的ROS含量,肝脏、脾组织中的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)的变化。结果:在LPS刺激后的4h和16h,褪黑素均能降低血清、小肠、肝脏、脾组织中的ROS含量,提升肝脏和脾组织中的GSH-PX、SOD活性,降低MDA含量。结论:褪黑素有助于增强氧化应激小鼠的抗氧化能力,降低组织中NO含量与NO合成酶活性,增加了SOD、GSH-PX等抗氧化酶的活性,保护机体免受氧化损伤。     

Determination of the variability of both hydrophilic and lipophilic toxins in endemic wild bivalves and carnivorous gastropods from the Southern part of Chile

The aim of this study was to analyse and determine the composition of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins and lipophilic toxins in the Region of Aysén, Chile, in wild endemic mussels (Mytilus chilensis, Venus antiqua, Aulacomya ater, Choromytilus chorus, Tagelus dombeii and Gari solida) and in two endemic carnivorous molluscs species (Concholepas concholepas and Argobuccinum ranelliforme). PSP-toxin contents were determined by using HPLC with fluorescence detection, while lipophilic toxins were determined by using LC-MS/MS. Mean concentrations for the total of PSP toxins were in the range 55–2505 μg saxitoxin-equivalent/100 g. The two most contaminated samples for PSP toxicity were bivalve Gari solida and carnivorous Argobuccinum ranelliforme with 2505 ± 101 and 1850 ± 137 μg saxitoxin-equivalent/100 g, respectively (p < 0.05). The lipophilic toxins identified were okadaic acid, dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX-1), azaspiracid-1 (AZA-1), pectenotoxin-2 (PTX-2) and yessotoxins (YTX). All analysed molluscs contained lipophilic toxins at levels ranging from 56 ± 4.8 to 156.1 ± 8.2 μg of okadaic acid-equivalent/kg shellfish together with YTX at levels ranging from 1.0 ± 0.1 to 18 ± 0.9 μg of YTX-equivalent/kg shellfish and AZA at levels ranging from 3.6 ± 0.2 to 31 ± 2.1 μg of AZA-equivalent/kg shellfish. Furthermore, different bivalves and gastropods differ in their capacity of retention of lipophilic toxins, as shown by the determination of their respective lipophilic toxins levels. In all the evaluated species, the presence of lipophilic toxins associated with biotransformation in molluscs and carnivorous gastropods was not identified, in contrast to the identification of PSP toxins, where the profiles identified in the different species are directly related to biotransformation processes. Thus, this study provides evidence that the concentration of toxins in the food intake of the evaluated species (Bivalvia and Gastropoda class) determines the degree of bioaccumulation and biotransformation they will thereafter exhibit.     

Correlation of methylglyoxal with acrylamide formation in fructose/asparagine Maillard reaction model system

α-Dicarbonyl compounds were highly reactive intermediates formed in Maillard reaction (MR), and o-phenylenediamine (OPD) was widely used as a trapping agent for α-dicarbonyl compounds. Both aqueous fructose/asparagine (Fru/Asn) and fructose/asparagine/o-phenylenediamine (Fru/Asn/OPD) model systems were heated at 150 °C for up to 30 min. Methylglyoxal (MG) was the main α-dicarbonyl compounds formed in MR, which was chosen as a representative of α-dicarbonyl compound to investigate the influence on acrylamide (AA) formation. The concentrations of AA, MG and Asn were detected during MR by HPLC method. The results indicated that the formation of AA increased with the heating time, and nearly 75% of AA was formed through the participation of α-dicarbonyl compounds. The amounts of formation and consumption of MG increased with heating time, and from 12 min of reaction, the consumed amounts of MG accounted for 62.1–90.3% on the basis of total amounts of MG formed in MR, suggesting that most of the MG took part in further reactions. Meanwhile, Asn concentration decreased with heating time in both models. The formation of AA and consumption of Asn were highly correlated with MG. Indeed, as MG concentration in MG/Asn model system decreased during heating at 150 °C, the concentration of AA significantly increased. The coefficient of correlation between consumed amounts of MG and the formed amounts of AA was 0.931, demonstrating that MG plays a role in AA formation.     

DETERMINATION OF ANIONS IN BEER BY ION CHROMATOGRAPHY

A method relying on ion chromatography, with suppressed ion detection, for the determination of anions in beer, has been collaboratively tested by members of the American Society of Brewing Chemists, the European Brewery Convention and the Brewery Convention of Japan. Precision values obtained for the determination of chloride, sulphate and phosphate in beer were judged to be acceptable. Repeatability (r₉₈) and reproducibility (R₉₈) values for chloride were 5.7, 12.6, 12.5 and 15.0, 38.4, 36.8 respectively at corresponding mean levels of 68.7, 218.6 and 322.5 mg/litre. r₉₈ and R₉₈ values for sulphate were 7.5, 6.2, 7.6 and 44.8, 54.0, 46.5 respectively at corresponding mean levels of 101.4, 205.1 and 122.6 mg/litre. r₉₈ and R₉₉ values for phosphate were 14.1, 11.9, 24.9 and 78.7, 53.8, 84.0 at corresponding mean levels of 411.5, 224.1 and 397.5 mg/litre. Whilst the r₉₈ value for nitrate was acceptable, the value for R₉₈ was unsatisfactory. The ion chromatographic method for determining chloride, sulphate and phosphate in beer is recommended for use and inclusion in Analytica -EBC as an International Method.     

气相色谱法检测饮料中二羰基化合物

建立同时在线检测丙酮醛和乙二醛的气相色谱方法。确定检测二羰基化合物的最佳条件为：以丁二酮为内标,以邻苯二胺为衍生化试剂,邻苯二胺的用量67 倍于二羰基化合物、衍生化时间10 min、萃取溶剂二氯甲烷、超声时间15 min、萃取2 次、柱箱初始温度40 ℃、程序升温5 ℃/min,色谱柱载气流量2.0 mL/min,分流比1∶1。丙酮醛和乙二醛的定量限（RSN≈10）分别为0.06 mg/L和0.08 mg/L,检出限（RSN≈ 3）分别为0.02 mg/L和0.03 mg/L,方法灵敏度高。     

高效液相色谱法同时检测6种甜味剂

建立同时测定6种人工合成甜味剂阿斯巴甜、糖精钠、甜蜜素、安塞蜜、纽甜、甜聚糖甙的高效液相色谱分析方法。以Platicil ODS柱为分离柱,20mmol/L硫酸铵缓冲溶液(pH4.4)-乙腈为流动相,进行梯度洗脱。采用二极管阵列检测器进行检测,整个分离过程在30min内完成。6种甜味剂在0.4～120mg/L范围内其质量浓度与峰面积的线性关系良好,相关系数为0.99967～0.99998,在4.0～10.0mg/kg范围内,样品加标回收率为85%～107%;相对标准偏差小于3.2%。该方法简便、快速,净化效果较好,可用于食品中6种甜味剂的同时测定。     

嘧菌酯处理对厚皮甜瓜POD和CAT活性的影响

以厚皮甜瓜(Cucumis melonL.)作为实验材料,研究嘧菌酯处理对厚皮甜瓜采后过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性的影响,实验结果表明:甜瓜经50、100、200mg/L嘧菌酯浸泡处理后,其果实的过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性均有所变动,其中,100mg/L嘧菌酯处理,两种酶的活性均处于稳定上升趋势,到第14天达到最高值,此后呈下降趋势,但到第21天时,酶活性仍高于对照。     

亚精胺对小鼠骨骼肌自由基代谢影响及抗疲劳的效果研究

目的：研究亚精胺（spermidine,SPD）对骨骼肌自由基代谢的影响以及抗疲劳作用。方法：实验分为生理盐水组、SPD低剂量组（0.5 mmol/（kg·d））、中剂量组（1.0 mmol/（kg·d））、高剂量组（1.5 mmol/（kg·d））以及西洋参口服液阳性对照组（总皂苷30 mg/（kg·d））,每周灌胃6 d共30 d,每次灌胃前称量小鼠体质量调整灌胃溶液量,灌胃期间进行每天45 min无负重游泳训练。各组随机选取10 只小鼠测试力竭游泳时间;各组剩余10 只负重游泳30 min,休息30 min后取材,检测血清肌酸激酶（creatine kinase,CK）、骨骼肌谷胱甘肽-过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px）、总超氧化物歧化酶（total-superoxide dismutase,T-SOD）、琥珀酸脱氢酶（succinate dehydrogenase,SDH）活性和骨骼肌丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）含量。结果：与生理盐水组比较,SPD能显著延长小鼠力竭游泳时间（P＜0.05）;低、中剂量组骨骼肌中GSH-Px、T-SOD、SDH酶活性显著提高（P＜0.05）,MDA含量显著降低（P＜0.05）;SPD组与西洋参组比较,低、中剂量抗疲劳效果有非常显著性（P＜0.05）差异,高剂量抗疲劳效果略优（P＞0.05）。结论：0.5～1.0 mmol/（kg·d） SPD可以增加抗氧化酶的活性,减少自由基的积累,提高骨骼肌细胞膜代谢能力和抗损伤能力,显著推迟小鼠疲劳发生。     

亚甲基蓝对单增李斯特菌菌膜的光动力杀伤作用

探讨单增李斯特菌（Listeria monocytogenes,LM）生物菌膜的生长特性及亚甲基蓝对LM生物菌膜光动力杀伤作用。通过结晶紫染色法判断与观察LM生物菌膜的形成并用酶标仪在595 nm波长处对其不同生长阶段的生物量进行测定,同时通过细菌平板菌落计数法研究亚甲基蓝对LM生物菌膜的光动力杀伤作用。结果表明：结晶紫染色法可用于定性判断与观察LM生物菌膜,且随着培养时间的延长,LM生物菌膜生物量不断增加,形成的网状结构越来越致密。当光敏剂质量浓度为10 μg/mL的亚甲基蓝在光功密度为200 mW/cm2 的可见光照射30 min时,即可使LM生物菌膜的失活率达到99.99%以上,其菌落数降低了4.08（lg（CFU/mL））。亚甲基蓝对LM生物菌膜的光动力灭活作用非常显著,其杀伤效果主要取决于光敏剂质量浓度和光照时间。