广西产山苍子油的GC—MS分析

利用GC－MS联用仪，对广西产山苍子油进行了分析，共分离出37个峰，鉴定了其中31个化学成分，占总含量的94．15％。其主要成分为α－柠檬醛、β－柠檬醛、柠檬烯、甲基庚烯酮、β－芳樟醇、月桂烯、α－蒎烯、β－蒎烯、α－松油醇、松烯、β－石竹类等。并对三个产地不同的样品进行了比较。     

佛手油化学成分研究

本文通过GC/MS分析检索 ,从佛手叶油中鉴定了 30个成分、从佛手果油中鉴定了 11个成分。叶油主要成分为柠檬烯、香叶醛、橙花醛、6 甲基 5 庚烯 2 酮、β 月桂烯等。果油主要成分为柠檬烯、γ 松油烯、香叶醛、橙花醛等     

吉龙草精油的化学成分及抗菌活性研究

采用GC-MS方法对富含柠檬醛的吉龙草精油挥发性成分进行鉴定,共检测出62个成分,鉴定了其中55个成分。吉龙草精油主要化学成分为橙花醛(β-柠檬醛)、香叶醛(α-柠檬醛)、香芹酮、β-蒎烯等。试验也研究了吉龙草精油对大肠杆菌、金黄葡萄球菌、烟曲霉菌、白念珠菌的抗菌活性,结果显示这种精油对大肠杆菌、金黄葡萄球菌有明显的抗菌活性。     

鸭儿芹挥发性化学成分的研究

用水蒸气蒸溜法提取鸭儿芹挥发性化学成分,气相色谱法分离,质谱法鉴定结构并与计算机系统储存的已知物质的质谱进行比较,共鉴定出17个挥发性化合物,主要挥发性化学成分有:α 蒎烯、β 水芹烯、β 蒎烯、β 月桂烯、对伞花烃、枞油烯、γ 松油烯、β 石竹烯、(Z) β 金合欢烯、1 甲基 8 异丙基 5 亚甲基 1,6 环葵二烯、β 芹子烯、[2R (2α,4aα,8aβ)] 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a 八氢 4a,8 二甲基 2 (1 甲基乙烯基)萘、β 红没药烯等。萜类化合物占总峰面积的82 37%。     

柏木油化学成分的分析研究

利用气相色谱 质谱联用仪对柏木油化学成分进行了研究,共鉴定出３７种组分。其主要成分为α 雪松烯,γ 衣兰油烯,α 雪松醇,苎烯,罗勒烯,α 萜品醇,姜黄烯,α 沽杷烯,萜品油烯,α 蒎烯,蒈烯,δ荜澄加烯,β 榄香烯等。峰面积归一化结果表明,柏木油中α 雪松烯含量最高,约占总量的３３％。     

2，3—环氧蒎烷分子重排制备α—龙脑烯醛的研究

α -龙脑烯醛是合成檀香系列香料的重要中间体。本文报道了 2 ,3-环氧蒎烷在路易斯酸催化下 ,发生分子重排 ,生成α -龙脑烯醛的研究。     

SPME-GC-MS对木姜子果实挥发性组分的测定

对贵州产木姜子果实挥发性组分进行研究。采用固相微萃取技术提取挥发性组分,通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术进行组分分析测定。从木姜子挥发性组分中共鉴定出33种化学成分,占挥发性组分的98. 74%,其中含量较高的组分有:(E)-柠檬醛(34. 91%)、(Z)-柠檬醛(25. 81%)、柠檬烯(24. 17%)、α-蒎烯(3. 15%)、β-月桂烯(2. 92%)和β-蒎烯(2. 11%)。萜类是挥发性组分的主要结构类型。     

松节油合成香料的研究现状（二）

(接上期 )3 3　β 水芹烯β 水芹烯 (6 7)是一种重要的香料和香料中间体 ,同时也是一种具有生物活性的天然杀虫剂。以β 蒎烯为原料 ,在引发剂及相转移催化剂存在下 ,与亚硫酸氢钠反应得到 4S ( ) 对 艹孟 1 烯 7 磺酸钠 ,再利用微波裂解合成 β 水芹烯。3 4　紫苏醇紫苏醇 (6 8)具有紫苏香气 ,以 β 蒎烯为起始原料合成。紫苏醇可用于香精配方中 ,也用做食品添加剂 ,以及合成紫苏醛和紫苏亭。较早的合成方法要经过四醋酸铅氧化、异构和紫苏醋酸酯的皂化等3步反应。后来又有经环氧化生成 2 ,10 环氧蒎烷 ,再以硝酸铵作催化剂 ,在二氯甲…     

β-环柠檬醛的合成

采用β 紫罗兰酮为原料,经臭氧化,还原水解反应得β 环柠檬醛的合成工艺,对主要工艺条件进行了选择实验,按所取得的工艺条件进行了小试。在小试结果的基础上,采用与小试相同的工艺条件,放大投入量近10倍,重复多批次工艺验证实验产品平均收率86.51%,粗β 环柠檬醛产品经真空精馏得93%β 环柠檬醛,测得沸点213.2℃,比热210.7J/g。     

水蒸气法同步制备含柠檬醛二乙缩醛香茅油的研究

采集广西南宁市试验苗圃种植的柠檬醛型香茅草,在用水蒸气蒸馏法提取香茅油时,加入一定量的乙醇,并加入稀硫酸,调节提取液pH至4~6,制备了含柠檬醛二乙缩醛的香茅油。加入稀硫酸作催化剂,可以较好地催化柠檬醛生成二乙缩醛,而柠檬醛本身几乎没有发生其他副反应,受到影响的主要是精油中的轻组分β-月桂烯,它可能异构化为6,6-二甲基-3-亚甲基降蒎烷。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。