A's for award and Atlanta [Society news]

Includes congratulations to Carson W. Taylor, recipient of the 2009 Herman Halperin Electric Transmission and Distribution Award. A brief overview of his career and achievements is provided.     

中国科技部长万钢获国际氢能大奖

第十七届世界国际氢能大会于2008年6月15日～19日在澳大利亚布里斯班市举行,来自全世界44个国家的600余位代表聚集一堂,讨论当代氧能技术和发展趋势.     

殷志强获世界科技联席组织能源领域大奖

今年6月,母校清华大学电子工程系殷志强教授受“世界科技联席组织”(World TechnologyNetwork)(WTN)的邀请,参加该组织每年一度的论坛及颁奖晚会。颁奖晚会定于2003年6月25日晚上在美国旧金山一个素享盛名的豪华宾馆Fair-mont Hotel举行。殷教授因将在瑞典参加世界太阳能大会无法出席,于是打电话给我,希望我能代表他出席。由于我家居旧金山弯区,距会场约50分钟车程,而且该晚并无特殊安排,也就欣然接受了老     

Solar hydrogen energy: The European–Maghreb connection. A new way of excellence for a sustainable energy development

The global sustainability is a key word of the future energy system for human beings. It should be friendly to our earth. Hydrogen energy is a critical resource to sustainable energy development. Over the coming decades, rapid economic growth will necessitate expanded and diversified energy supplies. This study is proposed to illustrate the attention to the opportunities and possibilities of connecting the energy consumer in North Mediterranean countries, to the reservoir of the Great Sahara of North Africa using hydrogen as a solar energy carrier. It also discusses cooperation between North Africa and north sides of the Mediterranean that has been going on for a long time, in oil and natural gas industry, and why cannot be done in solar hydrogen energy industry, which will reduce pollution and will last forever. Clearly, North Africa is a major bilateral partner with the Europe and the people of the two shares of the Mediterranean will be work together and to built strategic relationships for many decades. In the future, North Africa countries are well-positioned to play a greater role in the Europe clean energy equation. Demographically, interregional migration due to economic concerns will decline. Now, there are good chances to start such cooperation for the benefits of all partners.     

International research center for distillation

Every country working on solar distillation is trying to improve solar stills and, consequently, develop its own tradition for the construction and modification of efficient solar stills.

Many conferences have taken place in several countries for these purposes, but it seems difficult to evaluate any proposed still on the basis of construction costs. There are tremendous discrepancies in the prices of components used by countries dealing with solar distillation plants due primarily to the many parameters involved in their design and construction. In this article the author proposes founding an International Research Center dealing with solar stills. These stills can be derived from many institutions, universities, organizations, and individuals working on solar distillation projects. It will then be proper and convenient to select data concerning the cost of construction, the cost of the distillated water, and pertinent data on the operation, maintenance, and efficiency of the different solar stills.

The above proposed Research Center could be operated in Greece under the supervision of the Desalination Department of the Hellenic Industrial Development Bank with aid of the International Solar Energy Society.     

Solar radiation research for photovoltaic applications

This paper gives an overview of the fiscal year 1990 research activities and results under the Solar Radiation Research Task of the Photovoltaic Advanced Research and Development Project at the Solar Energy Research Institute. The activities under this task include developing and applying measurement techniques, instrumentation, and data analysis and modeling to understand and quantify the response of photovoltaic devices to variations in broad-band and spectral solar radiation.     

Microscale combustion research for microthermophotovoltaic systems

A novel power MEMS concept, a micro thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system, is described in this work, which would use hydrogen as fuel and would be capable of delivering 1–10 W electrical power in a package less than 1 cubic centimeter in volume. A micro combustor is one of the most important components of a micro TPV system. A high and uniform temperature distribution along the wall of a micro combustor is required to get a high electrical power output. However, sustaining combustion in a MEMS‐sized combustor will be largely affected by the increased heat losses due to the high surface‐to‐volume ratio, which tends to suppress ignition and quench the reaction. In order to test the feasibility of combustion in micro devices and determine relevant factors affecting micro combustion, numerical and experimental work was carried out. Results indicated that a high and uniform temperature could be achieved along the wall of a flame tube. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 34(6): 369–379, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20078     

Experimental research for biomass steam gasification in a fluidized bed

A fluidized bed gasification system was built to investigate the biomass steam gasification performance in different conditions. Medium heating value syngas with 34% H₂ content and no more than 20 g/Nm³ tar content could be obtained under 800°C with a S/B (steam vs. biomass ratio) of 0.9 by using olivine as bed material. The results indicated that syngas quality (including H₂ content, gasification efficiency, tar reduction, etc.) is in a positive correlation with temperature and S/B, but has a negative correlation with fluidization number (FN). Compared with quartz sand and dolomite, olivine is more suitable for fluidized bed because of its catalytic ability and good abrasion performance for fluidized bed gasifier. As a result, a set of optimum parameters is recommended with S/B of 0.9~1.0, FN of 1.4, and temperature of 800°C in this study.

Tar is a by-product from the gasification process, which will cause the pipeline congestion, reduce the gasification efficiency, and deteriorate the working condition. According to this experiment, the temperature and S/B both have a negative effect on tar content, while tar content increased with increase in the FN. Dolomite and olivine both have an inhibition function on tar, and the olivine is considered the best choice of bed material because of its good anti-wear properties.     

Practical guidelines for grid metallization in photovoltaic solar cell research

During the research stage, many photovoltaic solar cells suffer substantial power loss due to the use of non-optimum top contact grids. The very nature of solar cell research implies that many cell parameters will be in a continual state of change and thus the grid will seldom be truly optimized. However, several things can be done to ensure that a solar cell grid will perform well even if the parameters vary. In this paper, critical parameters for solar cell grid modeling and design are identified and discussed. Particular attention is paid to the manner in which process aspects affect these parameters and the subsequent power loss of the grid. Finally, practical guidelines are presented, the use of which can minimize the effect of process variation.     

肝癌基因治疗研究新进展

肝癌是我国常见的恶性肿瘤,目前治疗方法较多,其中基因治疗是当前热点问题。本文对肝癌基因治疗的几个方面:反义基因治疗、自杀基因治疗、免疫基因治疗、抑癌基因治疗、联合基因治疗、基因载体等方面进行了综述。     

生态村分布式供能系统分析

针对广大农村沼气和太阳能利用率低的问题,提出了一种生物质能与太阳能互补综合利用的生态村分布式供能系统。该系统将太阳能光伏发电、太阳能光热转换、生物质气化与常规燃气发电整合,实现生物质能与太阳能的供电、供暖、制冷、供燃气和供热水五联产,可有效缓解新农村含碳能源利用带来的环境和安全性问题,有效解决生物质利用效率低和太阳能利用不稳定等技术瓶颈问题。以唐山市沙河驿镇唐庄子村为例,优化生态村分布式供能系统方案,其研究结果可为生态村的建设提供技术支撑。     

Energy drivers for materials research and development

Abstract

An overview is given of the significant materials aging issues for nuclear power reactors. Despite the fact that many of these issues were not anticipated at the design stage, the development of active management techniques, backed by improved understanding and modelling of the underlying processes, has permitted many nuclear plants to run safely and efficiently well beyond their design lifetime. The mechanisms of aging are reviewed and management strategies for aging plant assessed. In conclusion, the requirements and options for future nuclear plant are considered.     

经颈静脉肝内门体分流双支架技术研究进展

【摘要】 经颈静脉肝内门体分流术（TIPS）目前已成为治疗肝硬化门静脉高压及其并发症的主要方法。TIPS专用Viatorr支架2015年底在中国上市,但至今未能在国内广泛应用,国内多个中心目前仍采用裸支架与覆膜支架各1枚叠加释放的双支架技术模拟Viatorr支架行TIPS。双支架技术具有独特优势,但在远期疗效上不及单支架植入。该文就TIPS双支架技术分类与优势、术后分流道功能障碍原因、术后随访、分流道功能障碍处理处理等研究进展作一综述,以期更好地发挥该技术在肝硬化门静脉高压治疗中的作用。