基于WSN的多目标跟踪及反馈控制平台

针对多目标跟踪易产生网络冲突与超声波传感器之间的干扰问题,搭建多目标实时跟踪及反馈控制平台,提出一种有效的传感器节点调度策略。对于网络中分布式的异步测量问题,研究扩展卡尔曼滤波定位算法,实现多目标实时定位跟踪。实验结果表明,该策略有效避免多目标跟踪造成的超声波测量干扰和网络冲突,实现机器人网络化实时反馈控制和多机器人协同控制。     

一种WSN下的Mean Shift跟踪算法*

为有效地利用无线传感器网络跟踪移动目标,提出了一种基于高斯混合模型的Mean Shift跟踪算法。该算法运用高斯混合模型描述网络区域内目标信号分布的统计特征,利用Mean Shift区分目标信号与环境噪声,并对目标进行定位与跟踪。仿真实验结果表明,该算法在网络存在较大噪声,特别是网络存在大量异常传感器节点读数的情况下,定位精度高、受异常传感器节点读数影响较小。较之以往无线传感器网络目标跟踪算法,该算法具有更好的鲁棒性。     

霍夫空间中多足球机器人协作目标定位算法

针对嵌入式仿人足球机器人提出一种霍夫空间中的多机器人协作目标定位算法。机器人利用实验场地中的标志物采用基于三角几何定位方法进行自定位,把机器人多连杆模型进行简化,通过坐标系位姿变换把图像坐标系转换到世界坐标系中,实现机器人目标定位;在多机器人之间建立ZigBee无线传感器网络进行通信,把多个机器人定位的坐标点进行霍夫变换,在霍夫空间中进行最小二乘法线性拟合,获取最优参数,然后融合改进后的粒子滤波实现对目标小球的跟踪;最后在21自由度的仿人足球机器人上进行仿真和实验。数据结果表明,这种多机器人协作的定位算法的精度提高了约48%,在满足实时性的前提下,对目标的跟踪效果也得到了改善。     

基于分布式聚类的有向传感器网络移动目标跟踪算法研究

针对有向传感器网络DSN（Directional Sensor Networks）中,传感器节点部署数量对目标跟踪精度、网络寿命和能效问题的影响方面,提出了一个分布式聚类算法,该算法在优化活跃传感器和节点的直接通信过程中,由分布式集群来负责协调成员间的节点,通过传输给Sink的定位信息及从多个节点聚集的传感数据来准确定位目标的位置。基于该理论的目标跟踪机制,提高了目标跟踪精度、增加了网络寿命和网络剩余能量。并进行了仿真验证,结果表明该方法能实现更高的跟踪性能。     

基于激光传感器移动机器人的目标定位和多模式跟踪

移动机器人对运动目标的感知和跟踪是实现机器人与环境交互的一项重要能力。针对移动机器人以人为目标的跟踪中在复杂动态环境下经常出现的目标丢失和跟踪模式单一的问题,提出了基于机器学习的人物目标识别算法。该算法可以处理复杂环境下的目标检测和定位。同时设计了交互多模型跟踪算法,可以较好的跟踪以不规律模式运动的目标。最后在交龙移动机器人平台上实现了整个系统,验证了人物目标检测和多模式跟踪算法的鲁棒性和优越性。     

实时、鲁棒的移动机器人自主跟随算法

本文提出一种实时、鲁棒的机器人自主跟随算法.该算法先通过基于SIFT(Scale Invariant Feature Transform)的目标识别算法识别衣服图案,定位人的位置,再利用CAMSHIFT(Continuously Adaptive Mean shift)颜色跟踪算法在全景图像中实时跟踪衣服颜色,对人进行跟踪,同时通过全景成像模型定位人的相对位置,规划机器人的运动.实验表明,该算法稳定可靠,能主动寻找被跟踪对象,跟随速度快,定位精度也较可靠.     

纯方位角目标跟踪及移动平台可观性控制方法

为了解决未知环境下的单目视觉移动机器人目标跟踪问题,提出了一种将目标状态估计与机器人可观性控制相结合的机器人同时定位、地图构建与目标跟踪方法。在状态估计方面,以机器人单目视觉同时定位与地图构建为基础,设计了扩展式卡尔曼滤波框架下的目标跟踪算法;在机器人可观性控制方面,设计了基于目标协方差阵更新最大化的优化控制方法。该方法能够实现机器人在单目视觉条件下对自身状态、环境状态、目标状态的同步估计以及目标跟随。仿真和原型样机实验验证了目标状态估计和机器人控制之间的耦合关系,证明了方法的准确性和有效性,结果表明:机器人将产生螺旋状机动运动轨迹,同时,目标跟踪和机器人定位精度与机器人机动能力成正比例关系。     

基于多模型预测的WSN动态簇目标跟踪算法

分析了无线传感器网络(WSN)中现有目标定位算法缺陷,针对WSN中跟踪目标的运动不确定特性,提出一种基于多模型动态簇预测的WSN目标跟踪算法;该算法以多模型为目标动态建模框架,适应目标的不确定运动,在得到各模型预测之后,综合各模型预测估计形成全局预测估计,进而构造局部唤醒区域,将落入该局部唤醒区域的节点构造动态簇,通过择优规则,确定该节点动态族的簇首,实现目标的定位跟踪;仿真结果表明,与全局唤醒算法相比,所提出的基于多模型动态簇预测的WSN目标跟踪算法可适用于目标的不确定运动,并得到较好的跟踪精度。     

基于无线传感器网络的机器人定位跟踪研究

针对基于无线传感器网络的机器人定位提出了一种分段极大似然质心算法。将质心法引入极大似然估计算法中,通过计算已预测结果的质心提高目标位置的预测精度。考虑到WSN系统的超声定位实时性较差,采用扩展卡尔曼滤波算法将WSN系统改进定位算法与机器人航位推算进行融合以跟踪机器人位姿,从而提高了定位精度和系统动态性能。仿真结果表明：在不同锚节点个数和不同测距误差条件下,分段极大似然质心算法均能取得良好的定位效果;采用扩展卡尔曼滤波算法的数据融合,进一步提高了机器人轨迹跟踪的精度。     

级联特征点检测的锥套小目标快速检测定位算法

为提升无人机自主空中加油中锥套小目标的检测精度和实时性,提出了级联网络与特征点检测网络的锥套小目标高精度快速定位算法。该算法设计了锥套目标全局粗定位和局部精定位的两级检测神经网络结构,采用特征点的输出位置误差及特征点群拟合的椭圆参数误差设计网络的损失函数,利用特征点拟合的锥套目标尺寸位置信息修正跟踪算法,提升了跟踪算法的和目标定位的实时性。实验测试结果表明,该定位算法定位成功率在95%以上,定位的精度（预测区域与真实区域的重叠率）在80%以上,定位输出速率达到100 Hz,对于环境的变化有着较强的适应性。因此该算法可以快速准确地进行锥套目标的跟踪,对于无人机空中加油技术的发展具有重要的研究意义。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.