基于非负矩阵分解的双重约束文本聚类算法

提出一种基于非负矩阵分解(NMF)的双重约束文本聚类算法。在正交三重NMF模型中,加入文本空间的成对约束信息和词空间的类别约束信息,将不同的特征词项进行分类。利用迭代规则对原始的词-文档矩阵进行分解,获得文本聚类结果。与多种传统半监督文本聚类算法的对比结果表明,该算法具有较高的聚类精度,能提供更准确和有效的聚类结果。     

一种成对约束限制的半监督文本聚类算法

半监督聚类能利用少量标记数据来提高聚类算法性能,但大部分文本聚类算法无法直接应用成对约束等先验信息。针对文本数据高维稀疏的特点,提出了一种半监督文本聚类算法。将成对约束信息扩展后嵌入文档相似度矩阵,在此基础上根据已划分与未划分文档之间的统计信息逐步找出剩余未划分文本集合中密集的且与已划分聚类中心集合相似度较小的K个初始聚类中心集合,然后将剩余的相对较难区分的文档结合成对约束限制信息划分到K个初始聚类中心集合,最后通过融合成对约束违反惩罚的收敛准则函数对聚类结果进行进一步优化。算法在聚类过程中自动确定初始聚类中心集合,避免了K均值算法对初始聚类中心选择的敏感性。在几个中英文数据集上的实验结果表明,所提算法能有效地利用少量的成对约束先验信息提高聚类效果。     

基于词项关联关系与归一化割加权的微博用户兴趣模型

提出一种基于词项关联关系与归一化割加权非负矩阵分解的微博用户兴趣模型构建方法.该方法首先基于词分布上下文语义相关性来建立词项关联关系矩阵刻画词项间相似度,然后应用归一化割加权非负矩阵分解算法获取用户—主题矩阵,产生用户感兴趣的微博主题聚类结果.实验表明,此方法能有效地进行微博主题聚类,并支持微博用户兴趣模型构建.     

一种结合主动学习的半监督文档聚类算法

半监督文档聚类,即利用少量具有监督信息的数据来辅助无监督文档聚类,近几年来逐渐成为机器学习和数据挖掘领域研究的热点问题.由于获取大量监督信息费时费力,因此,国内外学者考虑如何获得少量但对聚类性能提高显著的监督信息.提出一种结合主动学习的半监督文档聚类算法,通过引入成对约束信息指导DBSCAN的聚类过程来提高聚类性能,得到一种半监督文档聚类算法Cons-DBSCAN.通过对约束集中所含信息量的衡量和对DBSCAN算法本身的分析,提出了一种启发式的主动学习算法,能够选取含信息量大的成对约束集,从而能够更高效地辅助半监督文档聚类.实验结果表明,所提出的算法能够高效地进行文档聚类.通过主动学习算法获得的成对约束集,能够显著地提高聚类性能.并且,算法的性能优于两个代表性的结合主动学习的半监督聚类算法.     

基于成对约束的主动半监督文本聚类

在主动选取成对约束方法的基础上,提出一种基于成对约束的主动半监督文本聚类方法.利用潜在语义索引方法对文本特征空间进行降维,在聚类过程中,采用构造的约束选取方法主动地选取成对约束信息,并利用选取的成对约束信息指导文本聚类.实验结果表明,该方法能利用少量的监督信息提高文本聚类的分类准确率.     

一种基于成对约束的半监督最大间隔聚类算法

最大间隔聚类是近来聚类分析的一个研究热点,为进一步提高其聚类准确性,提出一种基于成对约束的半监督最大间隔聚类算法.该算法在最大间隔聚类的目标函数中添加针对成对约束的损失项,从而对违反给定约束条件的分界面进行惩罚.对所得到的非凸优化问题,本文提出一种基于约束凹凸过程的迭代算法来进行高效求解.实验表明,本文提出的算法能极大地提高最大间隔聚类的准确性,其聚类性能也明显优于其他两种半监督聚类算法.     

基于成对约束的判别型半监督聚类分析

现有一些典型的半监督聚类方法一方面难以有效地解决成对约束的违反问题,另一方面未能同时处理高维数据.通过提出一种基于成对约束的判别型半监督聚类分析方法来同时解决上述问题.该方法有效地利用了监督信息集成数据降维和聚类,即在投影空间中使用基于成对约束的K均值算法对数据聚类,再利用聚类结果选择投影空间.同时,该算法降低了基于约束的半监督聚类算法的计算复杂度,并解决了聚类过程中成对约束的违反问题.在一组真实数据集上的实验结果表明,与现有相关半监督聚类算法相比,新方法不仅能够处理高维数据,还有效地提高了聚类性能.     

基于成对约束的半监督凝聚层次聚类算法

半监督聚类就是利用样本的监督信息来帮助提升无监督学习的性能。在半监督聚类中,成对约束(must-link约束和cannot-link约束)作为样本的先验知识被广泛地使用。凝聚层次聚类(AHC)也叫合成聚类,是层次聚类法的一种。提出了一种基于成对约束的半监督凝聚层次聚类算法(PS-AHC),该算法利用成对约束来改变聚类簇之间的距离,使聚类簇之间的距离更真实。在UCI数据集上的实验表明,PS-AHC能有效地提高聚类的准确率,是一种有前景的半监督聚类算法。     

基于成对约束的半监督聚类方法

成对约束作为半监督学习的一个重要分支,它以无监督的聚类算法为基础,通过利用少量的监督信息来提高聚类的性能。提出了一种基于成对约束的半监督聚类方法,在FCM-NMF聚类算法框架下,采用非负矩阵分解提取样本的本质特征,并且加入成对约束条件指导聚类过程进行模糊聚类。构造出的新的目标函数采用梯度下降法和交替迭代公式来找局部最优解,并在UCI数据集上讨论了成对约束的数量对聚类的影响、价值系数的设置对聚类的影响,并与常见的半监督聚类性能进行了比较,证明了其正确性、有效性、稳定性。     

基于半监督图聚类的项目主题模型构建方法

项目文档主题表征的好坏直接影响后续评审专家的推荐效果.为有效利用项目文档片段之间的关联关系进行项目主题分析,提出一种基于半监督图聚类的项目主题模型构建方法.该方法首先分析项目文档的结构特点,提取项目名称、项目关键字等能表征主题的结构信息,结合专家证据文档、专家主题关系网等能表征专家主题的外部资源,定义及提取项目文档片段之间的关联关系特征;然后,利用不同类型的关联关系计算项目文档片段之间的相关性,构建项目文档片段间的无向图模型;最后,利用已标记关联关系特征作为聚类的监督信息,采用半监督图聚类算法对项目文档片段进行聚类,从而实现项目主题的提取.项目主题提取对比实验结果验证了所提方法的有效性,项目文档结构化特征、专家证据文档以及专家主题关系网对项目主题模型的构建具有一定的指导作用.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。