一种矿井低照度图像增强算法

针对小波变换在图像边缘保持和细节处理方面无法保持平衡及多尺度Retinex算法易造成图像出现光晕伪影和噪声污染严重等问题,将小波变换与基于多尺度引导滤波的多尺度Retinex算法相结合,提出了一种矿井低照度图像增强算法。该算法首先将低照度图像进行小波分解得到高频分量和低频分量;然后对图像高频分量采用三段式阈值函数进行小波去噪,对图像低频分量采用非线性全局亮度校正以增强图像亮度,同时采用多尺度引导滤波函数代替传统多尺度Retinex算法的高斯滤波函数来估计照射分量,进而求取反射分量,并运用主成分分析法对反射分量与非线性全局亮度校正的图像进行融合,有效提升图像边缘细节保持效果;最后对图像高频分量和低频分量进行小波重构,并对小波重构后的图像进行非线性变换,解决图像泛灰问题。实验结果表明,该算法具有很强的噪声抑制能力,可有效提升图像亮度和对比度,使图像边缘保持性能和细节信息丰富度得到有效平衡,避免了图像出现光晕伪影、颜色失真等现象。     

一种矿井图像增强算法

针对煤矿井下视频监控系统采集图像对比度低、光照不均、伴有大量噪声等问题,提出一种基于加权引导滤波同步去噪的单尺度Retinex算法对矿井图像进行增强。该算法首先采用加权引导滤波代替单尺度Retinex算法的高斯滤波对图像的低频分量进行照度估计,然后采用加权引导滤波对图像的高频分量进行去噪处理,最后由对数域转换到实数域得到增强后的图像。通过主观视觉效果和客观质量评价对该算法进行验证,结果表明该算法较传统图像增强算法可获得更好的图像视觉效果,且图像处理速度更快。     

多级分解的Retinex低照度图像增强算法

针对现有算法对图像边缘细节增强不足及无法有效控制各尺度信息增强程度的问题,提出了多级分解的Retinex低照度图像增强算法。该算法在Retinex分解模型和双边滤波的基础上,通过设置不同的滤波参数,获取表征图像不同尺度信息的反射分量和照度分量;通过使用指数函数对分解得到的各级反射分量进行增强,能够有效提升图像边缘细节的表达能力;通过使用S型函数对最终的照度分量进行处理,能够在提升低照度图像整体亮度的同时抑制高亮度区域;通过颜色恢复函数对增强图像进行后处理,进一步避免色彩偏差和失真的问题。实验结果表明,新算法能够改善低照度图像的视觉质量,在清晰度、信息熵、对比度等指标方面都有所提升。     

基于图像融合的快速单幅图像去雾算法

针对单幅雾霾图像中存在大面积明亮区域,暗通道先验失效、引导滤波算法去雾不彻底和时间复杂度较高的问题,提出了一种基于图像融合的快速单幅图像去雾算法.在大气散射模型的基础上,对大气光值进行区间估计;由暗通道先验法得到透射率的简单估计,由Retinex理论进行多尺度高斯卷积得到透射率的模糊估计,利用图像融合将两者进行像素级融合,得到透射率的精确估计;采用交叉双边滤波进行平滑处理并针对明亮区域修正透射率;对复原图像进行色调调整后得到最终图像.实验表明:算法不仅取得良好的去雾效果和较好的图像色彩,还有效降低了时间复杂度.     

一种煤矿井下图像增强算法

针对煤矿井下监控图像对比度低、视觉效果差等问题,采用一种基于引导滤波的单尺度Retinex算法进行煤矿井下图像增强。该算法采用具有保边平滑功能的引导滤波进行照度估计,并与原图像进行卷积运算,获得反映自身属性的反射分量,然后针对经反对数变换的反射分量,采用改进的局部对比度增强方法提高图像暗区的对比度,最后得到增强图像。实验结果表明,该算法在对比度提升、细节增强、消噪方面取得了较好的效果。     

基于图像融合技术的Retinex图像增强算法

针对单尺度Retinex图像增强算法存在的光晕现象和图像泛灰问题,提出一种基于图像融合技术的Retinex图像增强算法。针对光晕现象,使用高斯加权双边滤波代替单尺度Retinex算法中的高斯核函数估计光照图像,能够有效去除光晕现象。针对图像泛灰问题,引入图像融合的思想。首先,采用非线性变换拉伸反射图像,并通过Otsu阈值分割算法确定图像的亮、暗区域;然后,以信息熵为标准,通过调整非线性变换的参数来获得亮区域最优图像和暗区域最优图像,并将原始图像、亮区域最优图像和暗区域最优图像采用分块融合的方法进行融合;最后,为克服图像分块融合算法的块效应,在融合过程中加入一致性校验。实验结果表明,新算法能够充分获得图像的细节信息,同时有效去除光晕现象、改善图像泛灰的不足。相比于单尺度Retinex算法、基于双边滤波的Retinex算法、直方图均衡算法以及反锐化掩膜算法,新算法的图像增强能力具有显著的提升。     

基于快速伪球滤波的智能拖拉机视觉导航中场景去雾方法

为适应智能拖拉机雾霾天气下道路的视觉导航,同时针对作业环境图像背景中天空居多的特征,提出一种基于快速伪球滤波的去雾方法.首先根据滤波器参数利用降秩逼近的方法对视觉图像产生滤波模板.而后利用伪球滤波保持边缘的平滑特性获得准确的暗通道图和大气透射图.最后,利用大气耗散模型的修正解快速恢复无雾图像.实验结果表明,快速伪球滤波方法与导向图滤波、Tarel中值滤波、多尺度Retinex、小波域Retinex方法相比,对图像去雾效果综合评价指标值分别提高54.7%、37.6%、35.2%、44%,算法耗时约0.18 s.能够满足智能拖拉机视觉导航实时性的要求.     

基于大气物理模型的快速视觉优化去雾算法

针对雾霾天气条件下单幅图像降质以及现有去雾方法时间复杂度高的问题,以环境光物理模型为基础,引出快速视觉优化去雾算法.首先对单幅图像阈值分割找到天空区域,并结合二叉树模型定位精确的天空光矢量,进而采用改进的约束最小二乘法滤波细化粗略透射比率,保证其边缘细节较完整且受噪声影响小,最后利用环境光物理模型实现无雾图像的还原,并采用平均梯度、信息熵和视觉保真度等指标对图像进行评价.实验结果表明,所提算法与基于多尺度Retinex的自适应图像增强方法、基于独立分量的复原方法、快速可视化复原方法和暗原色先验复原方法对比,指标值较好且实时性强.     

一种改进的具有色彩保护的多尺度Retinex图像增强算法

针对图像增强存在的光晕伪影、颜色失真等问题,在MSRCP(Multi-Scale Retinex with Chromaticity Preservation)的基础上提出一种改进的多尺度Retinex图像增强算法。该算法首先计算原图像的强度图像;然后采用引导滤波对强度图像进行平滑处理,估计出照度分量,进而根据Retinex原理估计出反射分量;最后在颜色恢复函数中引入S型曲线函数得到最终的增强图像。实验结果表明,该算法可以有效解决光晕伪影现象,提高细节信息,使增强图像的整体色彩与原图一致,改善了图像整体的视觉效果。     

多尺度Retinex算法的分析与改进

传统Retinex算法中,从图像中完全去除亮度分量而使用反射分量来增强效果。通常图像光照变化并非平缓,使得结果图像视觉效果缺乏协调。对此提出一种改进的Retinex算法,通过再处理亮度分量,得到平缓的亮度图像并补偿到反射分量从而改善增强效果,使用均值模版代替高斯模版以减少计算的时间,同时利用拉普拉斯算子加入图像边缘细节特征。实验通过处理低对比度、低亮度的X光射线将改进的Retinex方法与其他各种增强算法进行对比。对实验结果的定性和定量分析表明了该改进算法的有效性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.