机器视觉在物体位姿检测中的应用

研究了机器视觉技术在物体位姿检测中的应用.从两个方位架设工业相机采集目标图片,采用张正友基于2D平面靶标的相机标定方法对相机进行标定.使用目标图像减去背景图像和形态学运算的方法进行粗定位,初步检测目标区域.利用Hough变换检测目标直线边缘,依据极线约束原则、灰度相似性以及直线约束进行边缘直线及其端点的匹配.计算出各直线端点的空间三维坐标及其单位方向向量.在已知目标模板的条件下,目标的几何参数已知,利用简单的几何关系求取目标的位姿数据.     

基于线结构光的三维测量系统转轴快速标定方法

为了标定基于线结构光的三维测量系统中的旋转轴,提出了一种基于圆锥体参照物的快速标定方法。将一个圆锥体的参照物固定放置在旋转平台上,控制旋转台每隔一定角度旋转一次,分别采集每个位置的图像,对图像预处理后,提取圆锥体的亚像素边缘,通过拟合圆锥体边缘直线,计算得到两条边缘直线的空间直线方程,并利用Levenberg-Marquardt迭代法计算出空间中距离两条边缘直线最近的点作为圆锥体的顶点,然后根据得到的所有顶点拟合出所在的空间平面及空间圆的圆心,根据平面的法向量和圆心点建立起旋转轴的直线方程,完成旋转台的转轴标定。实验结果表明,该标定方法具有较高的标定精度。     

基于孔特征的弱纹理堆叠工件识别

针对目前工业现场弱纹理堆叠工件识别困难的问题,提出一种以工件表面孔洞为特征的改进几何模板匹配算法,以合页为例进行工件识别。首先采用加权平均法对彩色图像进行灰度化处理,再采用Canny算法进行边缘检测;其次采用旋转卡壳算法求取轮廓的最小面积外接矩形,进行几何约束后得到孔洞对应的孔轮廓,并采用随机增量法计算孔轮廓的最小外接圆得到孔特征圆心坐标。采用提出的改进几何模板匹配算法,即根据孔特征之间的几何约束进行工件识别,根据孔特征之间是否存在边缘剔除误识别工件。实验结果表明,提出的算法对带孔弱纹理堆叠工件具有良好的识别效果,工件识别查全率为98.3%,误检率为0.9%,为带孔弱纹理工件的识别提供方法。     

Hough变换在表面污渍检测中的应用

针对具体芯片图像的形状特征,提出了基于改进Hough变换的几何配准算法.该算法利用边缘点的梯度方向信息,以及通过圆上任意一点并沿着该点法线方向的直线必定经过该圆的圆心这一几何性质,将三维Hough变换空间简化为二维空间,较好地解决了传统广义Hough变换运算时间长、存储空间大的问题.实验表明,可以有效地对两幅图像进行配准,从而检测出芯片表面的污渍.     

基于直线检测的虹膜快速定位方法

首先通过灰度投影法确定坐标转换原点,将直角坐标下的虹膜内外边缘圆转换成极坐标下的类直线,再引入辅助校正点手段定位虹膜的内边缘和圆心．利用改进Canny算子及曲线拟合定位虹膜的外边缘及圆心,提高了虹膜定位的精确度．实验结果表明：该算法具有较强的鲁棒性,能较好地定位质量不高的虹膜图像,且虹膜定位时间平均为0．1S,适用于实时虹膜图像识别．     

铆钉薄板特征孔几何参数双目视觉测量方法研究

为实现立式铆钉机与小型半自动化送料装置的一体化,提高铆接效率和质量,提出了一种基于双目视觉的铆钉薄板几何参数测量方法。采用形态学边缘提取算子、改进的Hough变换提取并分割待铆接薄板图像,进行目标区域孔提取、圆度判别,采用质心法获取目标孔图像坐标并用以"回"字形式的位置约束方法对特征点匹配,根据双目原理计算目标孔的三维坐标。实验结果表明:所提方法能精确地将铆接薄板与复杂的背景分离,匹配率达100%,可精确地计算出圆心坐标,与实际圆孔中心绝对平均偏差为0. 258 7 mm,满足铆接行业精度要求。     

基于弦中点Hough变换的同心圆检测方法

给出了一种基于Hough变换的同心圆检测方法,其核心思想是降低经典Hough变换圆检测中的Hough累积维数,将经典Hough变换圆检测时的三维参量统计,转变成基于弦中点的圆心和半径的参量统计。根据圆上所有点的内切圆必经过圆中心的事实,提取黑白边缘图像来建立二维数组累加器,依照像素点分布扫描边缘图像,累加器计数,计算出圆心位置,对每个圆心进行半径累积,确定同心圆半径集。与经典的Hough变换检测方法相比,该方法降低了计算复杂度。     

基于OpenCV的圆心定位算法研究

在电解铝工业中，采用人工清理碳碗内残渣的方式会有损于环境与健康，且效率低下，为解决这一问题、提高工艺的自动化水平，设计一种基于OpenCV的圆心定位算法。算法对获取的碳碗图片进行降噪、灰度化等处理；运用Canny算子进行边缘检测；利用OpenCV中的HoughCircles与circle函数进行分析，最终绘出圆的轮廓并获得圆心的坐标信息。通过此算法获得的碳碗圆心定位，可为后续PLC控制系统提供目标。本研究将计算机视觉与工业生产实践相结合，有助于降低人力成本，提升工业效率。     

一种圆形窗口裁剪的新方法

通过对直线段相对圆的各种位置关系和深入的研究，提出了一种简单而迅速的圆形窗口裁剪算法。该算法的基本思想是，首先利用圆心到直线段所在直线的距离及从圆心向直线段所引的垂直射线，判别直线段与圆的位置关系，在确定直线段与圆形窗口有交点的情况下，用旋转矢量法求出交点。     

基于立体视觉的平面圆参数高精度测量算法*

针对目前平面圆的圆心和半径测量方法存在的不足,提出一种基于立体视觉的平面圆参数高精度测量方法。该方法首先根据边缘分组算法和二次曲线椭圆拟合判别算法提取双目图像中的椭圆特征;其次利用分段立体匹配算法获取平面圆特征上部分点的三维坐标;最后通过三维平面拟合、坐标转换、平面圆拟合以及坐标反变换获取平面圆的圆心和半径参数。实验结果表明,该方法有效地减小了平面圆透视投影引起的畸变误差,提高了平面圆参数的测量精度。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。