基于V2X和UAV的车辆协同定位方法研究

针对城市峡谷等全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)盲区中V2X定位方法定位连通性及定位精度较低问题,提出一种基于V2X和无人机(UAV)的车辆协同定位方法。该方法利用UAV与待定位车辆间的相对运动模型联立多组到达时间(TOA)方程,并以辅助节点为基准站利用距离差分法消除TOA的测距误差,从而对目标位置进行解算。同时利用联邦滤波器对V2X及UAV定位方法进行融合,进一步为待定位车辆提供连续、准确的位置服务。仿真结果表明,所提定位方法解决了车联网情况中V2X定位连通性较低的问题,且平均定位精度提升了10.7%,具有一定的应用价值。     

基于光流和惯性导航的小型无人机定位方法

为了提高小型无人机定位精度,提出了一种基于光流系统和惯性导航系统相结合的定位方法.在介绍光流传感器工作原理,建立光流数学模型和分析光流测量误差之后,提出了采用双光流传感器测量飞行器的高度和速度,并将二维光流信息与捷联惯性导航系统(SINS)通过扩展卡尔曼滤波器(EKF)进行数据融合,得到实时的位置、速度和姿态.室内实验结果表明:该方案能够有效地减小导航中的位置、速度和姿态误差,提高定位精度.     

实时图像匹配辅助无人机导航研究

针对GPS/INS组合导航系统在抗干扰性和精度上不能完全满足无人机导航系统要求的问题,利用实时图像匹配辅助无人机导航的方法进行仿真研究.首先,对输入图像进行目标识别定位,为了满足系统的实时性要求,研究采用光电混合联合变换相关器进行实时图像匹配,仿真结果表明,目标的识别定位精度小于两个像素,能够为无人机提供精确的导航信息;再根据摄影测量原理计算导航信息中的位置和姿态角信息;最后,将匹配定位得到的导航信息通过Kalman滤波器与惯导系统解算的导航信息进行信息融合,仿真结果表明,滤波后导航信息的误差均获得了较明显的收敛,提高了无人机导航系统的抗干扰性和导航精度.     

GPS/Galileo双模接收机定位精度分析与仿真测试研究

多模卫星导航接收机比单一的卫星导航接收机在可用性和DOP值都有极大改善,但同时双系统之间的互干扰使接收信号的信噪比降低。本文对多模接收机定位精度的改善程度进行了定量分析,并进行了仿真测试验证,研究结果表明:相比单一导航模式,GPS/Galileo双模组合会造成期望信号的载噪比下降,测距误差增大,但它与DOP值的改善定位精度相比影响很小,因此,多模式工作方式下导航接收机的定位精度会有很大提高。     

基于测距交会的海面物体高精度定位仿真

为了利用主动雷达的现有能力,提高海面物体的定位精度,同时使系统的组成尽可能简单,提出了基于测距交会的海面物体高精度定位方法.首先基于海面物体零高程假设,建立了基于测距交会的海面物体高精度定位模型,利用主动雷达的高精度测距信息解算出海面物体的位置,然后根据定位模型推导出精度表达式,并对定位精度及其影响因素进行了仿真分析,结果显示,利用测距交会定位方法可以显著提升目标定位精度,且对精度影响最大的是主动雷达的测距误差,其次是平台位置误差,影响最小的是海浪高度误差.     

基于惯导/数据链的动态相对定位方法

针对卫星导航定位在复杂环境不可靠情况下如何实现无人机机间相对定位问题,提出一种基于机载惯性导航系统与机间数据链测距相结合的动态相对定位算法。该方法利用机载数据链通信测距能力与机载惯性导航系统输出的无人机速度矢量信息结合,建立机间相对定位模型,通过最小二乘法对无人机之间的相对位置进行估计,实现无人机机间的实时相对定位能力。由于通过最小二乘法解算出的相对定位结果依然存在误差,针对最小二乘法相对定位误差,提出秩亏网平差算法对无人机机群间的相对定位误差进行校正。仿真结果表明：基于最小二乘法的相对定位方法可以减缓惯性导航系统相对定位误差发散速度并且将惯导相对定位精度提高到3倍左右,通过秩亏网平差算法校正将最小二乘相对定位精度提高2倍。     

基于UWB辅助的多无人机惯导定位误差校正方法

针对卫星导航拒止的复杂环境下多无人机编队飞行只依赖惯性导航无法长时间导航的问题,提出一种超宽带(UWB,ultra wide band)辅助的惯导定位误差校正方法;给出UWB测距原理的同时建立了无人机机体坐标系下的惯导相对距离解算模型;在惯导误差模型的基础上,以惯导误差和UWB测距信息分别作为状态量和观测量,设计出惯导误差校正的扩展卡尔曼滤波模型;以两架无人机为例对算法进行仿真验证,仿真结果表明相较于纯惯导定位,该方法在东北天三个方向的最大定位误差不超过1 m,速度均方根误差值不超过0.01 m/s,很好地抑制了惯导系统速度和位置的误差发散,为解决无人机编队在卫星拒止环境中的定位问题提供参考思路。     

DV-Hop测距修正的定位算法研究

针对DV-Hop测距定位精度不准问题，提出基于DV-Hop测距修正的对数搜索（improved DV-Hop Ranging-based Logarithmic Search，DH-RLS）定位算法。DH-RLS算法利用锚节点间的真实距离信息估计跳距误差，修正跳距值，提高测距精度。利用质心定位算法估计未知节点的位置，并将此位置作为搜索起点，再利用搜索目标函数进行搜索，直至搜索到具有最小距离误差和的点。仿真数据表明，DH-RLS定位算法的归一化平均误差低于同类算法。通过对测距修正，降低了测距误差，同时利用搜索目标算法提高了定位精度。     

数据融合方法在小型飞行器高度定位中的应用

高度定位是小型飞行器飞行安全的重要指标之一,为了进一步修正小型飞行器高度定位误差,提高定位精度,减少系统硬件成本,文中给出了利用联邦滤波器进行高度定位数据融合的误差修正方法,解决了由于差分GPS(DGPS)受干扰或长时间静默影响定位精度的问题;仿真和数据回放结果表明:采用卡尔曼滤波进行融合可提高定位精度,采用联邦滤波器效果更好,使用文中方法可以得到飞行器更准确的高度定位,可推广使用于多种类型的飞行器定位系统中。     

基于统计质量控制的测距故障检测方法

卫星导航接收机在城区环境使用时,多径信号的存在使得码自相关函数发生畸变,从而导致测距结果与真实距离间出现较大偏差。现有的接收机基带多径消除算法复杂度高,实现较为困难。而接收机自主正直性监测(RAIM)算法的故障检测能力有限,难以同时检测多个测距故障。提出使用统计质量控制方法来实现对测距故障的检测,根据质量控制图的输出结果调整测距信息在定位解算中的权重,从而提高定位精度。该方法能够对每颗卫星的码跟踪性能进行单独监测,算法实现的复杂度低。仿真结果表明:使用该方法能够有效指示多径信号导致的测距误差,从而为改善城区环境下的定位精度提供了新思路。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.