北斗B1I信号的捕获算法

北斗B1I信号的捕获是北斗2代接收机的核心模块,它是基于码相位和多普勒频移二维搜索的过程.对于捕获模块,通常采用并行码相位搜索捕获算法来实现对空中可见卫星的捕获.针对信号较弱情况下的卫星捕获,采用了非相干累加与并行码相位搜索捕获相结合的方法.测试结果表明,该捕获算法能够有效快速地实现弱信号的捕获.     

基于全相位FFT的伪码捕获研究

为了快速捕获高动态直接序列扩频信号,文章基于全相位FFT(apFFT)设计了一种变换域伪码捕获方法,该方法利用apFFT的频率通道完成了对不同码相位上多普勒频偏的并行搜索,同时在apFFT的基础上,利用全相位时移相位差法进行频率校正,理论分析和仿真结果表明,相比于传统的FFT伪码捕获法,该方法在进行伪码搜索时,可完成对多普勒频高精度估计,并且该方法具有更强的抗噪性能,适用于存在强噪声且快速移动的复杂通信环境。     

BD2快速捕获方法的研究与FPGA实现

针对北斗二代B1频点伪码相对较长,传统匹配滤波捕获占用资源过大的问题,在数字匹配滤波器的基础上,介绍一种折叠匹配滤波器结合快速傅里叶变换并行捕获的方法,将传统的多普勒频移和码相位的二维搜索减少为码相位、多普勒频移并行的一维搜索,以此缩短捕获时间和减少资源的消耗。首先对算法的数学模型进行推导,然后对快速捕获的核心模块——sinc内插单元、折叠匹配滤波单元以及FFT谱分析单元的原理和FPGA电路实现进行了详细的论述。最后通过在 Modelsim 软件平台上的验证,证明了该实现方案具有设计合理、捕获速度快和资源消耗低的特点,在应用于北斗信号捕获的同时,还适用于其他系统的伪随机码捕获。     

基于三步逼近的BD2高精度快速捕获算法研究

针对BeiDou-2（BD2）卫星导航软件接收机捕获模块中捕获精度低和运算量大的问题,提出了一种基于三步逼近的高精度快速捕获算法。算法采用变步长的三步逼近方法逐步缩小多普勒频移搜索范围,快速得到了精确的初始码相位和多普勒频偏;利用频率圆周移位方法,在第一步搜索以一次乘法代替FFT操作,较大地减少了捕获模块的运算负担。实验结果证明,该算法捕获的伪码偏移精确、载频偏移误差在100 Hz以内,且最优情况下的运算量比传统的并行码相位捕获算法平均减少了70.56%,运算效率高。     

一种高动态环境下 COMPASS 卫星信号快速捕获算法

在对传统的卫星信号捕获算法分析的基础上,提出了一种惯性导航系统(INS)辅助的基于部分匹配滤波器和快速傅里叶变换(FFT)相结合的捕获算法。在此算法中,利用惯性导航设备提供的信息计算多普勒频率,通过部分匹配滤波器和 FFT 相结合的算法并行搜索载波频率和码相位。该算法不仅能缩小多普勒频率的搜索范围,而且能够快速搜索码相位。仿真结果表明,此算法能够在高动态环境下成功捕获 COMPASS 卫星信号,并且明显减少捕获时间。     

GPS接收机相关器捕获算法研究

卫星定位处于高动态的GPS接收系统中,信号正确捕获是系统的关键技术.系统的高动态特性,使GPS信号产生相位延迟和多普勒频移,加大了信号捕获的难度.研究相关器的工作原理,并且分析了目前已有捕获方法的特点和不足,提出了一种能够重复利用FFT变换结果半数谱线的快速捕获的方法,进一步对载波多普勒频移进行了精确估计,以满足跟踪通道的需要.原理上证明了改进方法的可行性,通过仿真表明,改进算法可实现信号的准确快速捕获.     

部分相关与功率谱相结合的伪码快捕算法

针对极微弱动态长周期伪码直接序列扩频信号的捕获问题,提出了利用部分相关和功率谱相结合的方法,进行伪码相位延时/多普勒频偏的快速二维并行搜索.通过部分相关,得到反映多普勒频偏的正弦信号,在低信噪比下,通过功率谱累积平均达到检测微弱信号的目的.该捕获方法在捕获到同步长周期伪码的同时,也得到了多普勒频偏值的近似值.给出了基于该算法的信号模型、捕获方案及性能分析,并在此基础上分析了FFT点数、加窗函数及累积次数对捕获性能的影响.在理论分析的前提下,通过计算机仿真验证了该方法有良好的捕获效果.     

一种基于比特量化的GPS并行码捕获算法

针对GPS L1信号的软件接收机(SDR)的快速捕获问题,设计了GPS信号并行码相位搜索捕获的优化算法.首先分析了FFT并行码相位搜索捕获的理论模型,由本地C/A码功率谱频谱分布特点,使用前半频域范围内的信息,进行算法的初步优化;在此基础上采用比特量化方法量化数据信号,使单个计算机储存单元存储多路二进制量化数据,实现对多路数据的并行处理.实验证明改进的并行码相位搜索捕获算法极大地提高了捕获速度,是改进前的5倍,尽管有较少信号强度的衰减,但不影响捕获的正确性,实现了GPS信号的快速捕获.     

基于FFT和相干累积的DS/FH测控信号捕获算法

对于某种相干跳频和直接序列扩频结合的抗干扰测控信号,捕获时存在码相位快速搜索和大时差大多普勒条件下相干累积的问题。本文采用基于FFT并行相关的分段码相关算法,实现积分时长为单个跳频段的快速码相位滑动相关;采用相位补偿算法,补偿各个跳频段间因时间差、跳频频率和多普勒导致的相位差,实现了较大多普勒频偏条件下跳频段之间的相干累加。分析了相位补偿算法的累积损耗和时间复杂度,仿真试验证实了检测性能。与非相干累加相比,本算法消除了大时差大多普勒条件对信号长时间相干累积的影响,在某信号体制下检测性能提升9dB左右,代价是算法复杂度随捕获时间分辨率的增加而线性增加。     

一种改进的时域优化捕获算法

针对信号在传输过程中存在时延、Doppler频移及多径衰落等,接收信号的中心频点以及PN码相位存在不确定性问题,通过时频域处理、分段及均值处理、移动序列处理、快速Doppler加权估计等手段,结合XFAST捕获算法、均值捕获算法和时域融合捕获算法的优点,提出一种改进的时域优化捕获算法,从复杂度、捕获时间、捕获精度的角度进行算法效能分析。Matlab仿真得出时域优化捕获算法的Doppler估计误差小,捕获比例峰值优于现有的其他两种算法,搜索速度明显提高。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。