基于排列组合熵的高速列车走行部故障分析

针对列车走行部的多种故障模式,提出了基于排列组合熵的高速列车走行部故障诊断方法.对原车和抗蛇行减振器失效、空气弹簧失气、横向减振器失效四种工况进行仿真实验,得到列车不同位置的振动信号.计算列车振动信号的排列组合熵,首先实现了同一速度下不同故障的分离,然后以排列组合熵作为故障特征向量,对特征向量进行多级SVM分类识别.实验结果表明,该方法可以有效识别列车同一速度下的不同故障,高速时对四种工况的平均识别率达97％以上.     

基于ARM的地铁列车辅助防撞系统设计

地铁列车辅助防撞系统能够实现地铁列车的防撞预警,对保障地铁行车安全具有重要意义。系统实时计算列车的位置信息,通过无线数传设备将数据发送到相邻列车,并对接收到的实时位置信息进行判断,通过列车预警显示设备向司机提供安全预警信息。对地铁列车辅助防撞系统的关键技术、结构组成和工作原理进行阐述,基于ARM设计并实现了地铁列车辅助防撞系统的车载设备,最后进行了列车定位仿真实验和预警功能测试。实验结果表明,地铁列车辅助防撞系统能够提供相当精确的位置信息,里程误差在8m以内,可以实现相邻列车运行状态的安全预警。     

基于小波分析的高速列车车体运行状态估计

基于监测数据评估高速列车空气弹簧和横向减振器等关键部件的运行状态, 针对车体垂向加速度振动信号, 提出了小波包能量矩的列车状态估计方法。首先分析车体垂向振动特征, 对不同工况和不同速度下的信号进行小波包分解, 并重构能量较大的频带信号, 再计算各频带的小波包能量矩特征, 不同频带信号的小波包能量矩变化反映了列车运行状态的改变。将不同频带的小波包能量矩组成特征向量, 最后用支持向量机进行故障识别。实验数据仿真分析表明, 列车空簧失气故障和横向减振器失效故障识别率为100%, 说明该方法能很好地估计出高速列车的故障状态。     

基于TCN的高速列车网络门控子系统设计

目前普通列车门控子系统功能简单,无法满足CRH3(China Railway High-speed3)型高速列车门控子系统状态多、逻辑复杂、安全性要求高等复杂的需求。从我国高速列车的应用现状出发,建立了基于高速列车网络控制系统TCN(Train Communication Network)的半实物仿真平台框架。同时,通过分析门控子系统各种门控状态关系,各控制单元之间的通信及逻辑运算需求以及车门安全操作、状态监控、故障诊断的需要,给出了相对应的硬件和软件设计。通过在半实物仿真平台上对列车进行系统测试,结果表明:该子系统达到了预期目标,可融入到半实物仿真平台中,实现模拟列车真实运行环境下的门控功能,为列车网络控制系统的深入研究和全面测试提供了条件。     

高速列车牵引传动系统故障测试与验证仿真平台研究

牵引传动系统作为高速列车能量传递与转换的核心部分, 是保障高铁安全稳定运行的关键系统之一. 故障测试与验证平台是确保实时故障诊断技术在高速列车上有效应用的重要手段和途径. 围绕高速列车牵引传动系统故障测试与验证平台中面临的挑战性问题和关键技术, 本文从故障注入、仿真可信度评估、算法性能评估和仿真平台实现等方法和技术方面进行分析, 并针对上述难题概述了一些解决方案, 提出并构建了一种集高速列车实时仿真、故障运行行为逼真模拟以及随机故障测试和故障诊断算法评估于一体的牵引传动系统故障测试与验证实时仿真平台. 最后, 总结展望了高速列车安全监测验证平台未来研究方向.     

高速列车转向架振动信号多重分形特征提取与故障诊断

高速列车转向架关键部件故障会引起列车在运行过程中的振动异常,严重时危机运行安全。为了及时发现转向架故障,提出了一种转向架多重分形联合特征的提取方案,用转向架振动信号的多重分形谱宽、分形维数差、多重分形谱熵、广义维数谱距和广义维数谱均值作为联合特征向量,识别转向架不同状态,从而实现转向架故障诊断。实验表明,转向架监测信号的联合特征向量能够准确识别出列车故障状态,识别率高达92％以上。     

基于列车冗余显示平台的故障诊断与数据同步方案设计及实现

列车显示平台为列车司机提供车辆运行的关键数据并接收控车指令,其运行可靠性对安全行车至关重要。为了快速定位和处理显示平台故障,降低故障对列车运行的影响,文章基于包含两个显示单元的冗余显示平台,提出一种可实现列车显示平台运行状态实时诊断和数据同步的方案。其首先实现显示单元的自诊断,并基于应用层实时监控和诊断设备状态,解决快速定位应用程序退出、系统崩溃及资源使用异常等问题;其次,基于RS422通信链路,定义可靠的通信协议,实现多显示单元之间运行状态互诊断与数据同步,解决自诊断在显示单元异常状态下失效、无法获取故障单元关键数据等问题。基于列车冗余显示平台开展功能验证实验,以验证该方案的有效性。实验结果表明,该方案提供了应用层自诊断和冗余显示单元状态互诊断,为故障分析和定位提供依据;同时通过关键数据同步和存储功能,为两个显示单元协同工作提供了实现途径。     

基于MEMD的高速列车转向架故障的排列熵特征分析

在监测高速列车转向架工作状态时,针对列车运动自由度数目多、不同监测点数据相关性强的特点,提出了多元经验模态分解和排列熵相结合的故障特征提取方法。首先利用多元经验模态分解对高速列车转向架7种不同工况的振动信号进行多通道同步联合分析,获取不同数据通道间的共同模式。利用相关系数选取反映故障信号特征的有效本征模态函数来重构原始故障信号,计算重构信号的排列熵作为故障特征。最后采用支持向量机进行故障状态分类识别。实验结果表明,列车在各种运行速度下均能达到85%以上的分类效果,验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于EEMD的高速列车横向减振器故障的排列熵特征分析

针对高速列车转向架横向减振器状态监测数据的特点,提出了一种聚合经验模式分解和排列熵相结合的故障特征分析方法,用于在不同时间尺度下对信号进行复杂性分析。首先利用EEMD对横向减振器不同个数失效的7种工况信号进行分解,再用排列熵量化IMF的复杂度,得到多维特征向量集,最后采用支持向量机对故障状态进行分类识别。实验结果表明本方法对多个横向减振器失效的工况识别率最高可达100%,验证了排列熵特征对于高速列车横向减振器故障信号分析的有效性。     

基于EEMD和球SVM的高速列车转向架故障估计 

基于监测数据评估高速列车空气弹簧、抗蛇行减振器和横向减振器关键部件的运行状态,针对故障状态下车体构架横向加速度的非平稳信号,提出IMF能量矩与改进的多类超球支持向量机相结合对车体运行状态估计,改进的的超球支持向量机对球外与球内重叠区域的样本用不同的决策,具有更好的分类效果;实验数据仿真分析表明,在速度变化下列车故障识别率稳定在87%以上,证明所用方法能够提取到故障状态下的典型特征,改进的支持向量分类器并能很好的估计出高速列车的故障状态。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。