基于范例集实现复杂场景下的动态手势跟踪

范例集作为近年来视觉跟踪器的一种表示方法,已应用于手势跟踪与识别。但是基于范例集的手势跟踪往往不能实现复杂场景下手部轮廓特征的精确提取,并且不能在手部位置与方向任意变化情况下实现手部轮廓的提取与跟踪,极易造成手部动作的不准确预测,从而影响手势跟踪效果与手势识别率。本文提出一种新的基于范例集的跟踪器：CEE(CAMSHIFT Embedded Exemplar)跟踪器,实现复杂场景下的动态手势跟踪。在学习阶段,利用ICAMSHIFT（Improved CAMSHIFT）算法提取手部轮廓特征并生成范例集,同时建立手势的动态HMM模型;在跟踪阶段,首先利用由ICAMSHIFT算法获取的手部特征和HMM概率模型预测手势动作,然后根据学习所得范例集获取当前手部轮廓。实验结果表明,算法能实现复杂场景下的准确手势跟踪,并能在手部位置与方向任意变化情况下实现手部轮廓的提取与跟踪。此外,在严重遮挡情况下也能取得不错的跟踪效果。     

适用于机器人视觉的手势识别系统

手势是一种高效的人机交互和设备控制的方式,基于视觉的手势识别是人机交互、模式识别等领域的一个富有挑战性的研究课题。文章提出并实现了一个可用于与机器人交互的静态手势检测和识别系统。该系统用摇动检测的方法定位人手;用基于现场采样得到的肤色模型进行手的分割;用简化并改进的CAMSHIFT算法对手势进行跟踪;最后用模式识别的方法提取简单特征进行识别。实验证明,该系统快速、稳定而有效。     

基于复合特征和动态阈值圆法的手势识别算法研究

针对传统手势识别中用肤色分割手部区域效果的局限性,采用Kinect获取深度信息来分割手掌,能得到较好的效果。对手掌轮廓进行多边形逼近,将凸包点作为候选指尖点。利用非零像素（白）到最近零像素的距离提取掌心,用线性回归动态调整阈值圆半径,将无用凸包点过滤,实现指尖点的准确提取。在分类识别中,将图像的Hu矩和指尖点个数组合起来,作为复合手势特征,导入KNN分类器中,实现手势识别。实验证明,基于复合特征和动态阈值圆法的手势识别算法具有较好的识别率和实时性。     

基于形状特征检测的手势感兴趣区提取方法

针对采用肤色模型法进行手部区域分割时,人穿着的服装对手臂区域的干扰问题,本文提出了通过手部形状特征检测的手势感兴趣区提取方法.首先利用YCb'Cr’肤色模型提取手部轮廓,通过基于轮廓凸壳信息的方法提取手部轮廓区域的最小外接矩形;然后结合手掌和手臂的特有形状特征识别手腕位置,准确提取出手势感兴趣区域.实验结果表明,本文方法检测手部感兴趣区域准确,对包含和不含手臂的图像中手势感兴趣区域提取均有明显效果.     

基于颜色概率模型的实时手势跟踪算法

本文提出了一种改进的CAMSHIFT算法,实现了对动态手势的实时跟踪。将图像序列通过一个肤色概率查找表转换为肤色概率分布图,结合运动信息和肤色概率分布,初始化一个搜索窗的大小和位置,然后对肤色概率分布图进行迭代运算,定位出手势的位置和大小,根据计算肤色概率分布图中手势区域的2阶矩,最终确定感兴趣区域的长度和宽度
。实验表明,本文提出的算法能实时处理视频图像,避免了错误跟踪,而且跟踪准确精细。     

基于深度信息的指尖追踪及手势识别

提出了一个基于深度信息对手指和手部进行实时跟踪,并可用于手势识别的方案。用Kinect获取深度信息,然后生成手部的三维点云,进行过滤转换成像素矩阵;使用K-curvature算法获取指尖和手掌方位,然后通过手指之间的相关距离进行手指标定。实验结果证明该方案识别追踪效果稳定且高效,不受光照和复杂背景影响,能够同时跟踪双手共10个手指和2个掌心的动作轨迹,并用于手势识别。     

基于Kinect的动态手势识别

针对现有的动态手势识别率低,识别手势少等不足,利用Kinect设备提出了动态手势识别算法.首先利用Kinect捕获人的手部区域,采用基于像素分类的指尖检测算法找到指尖的个数,并以左右手的手指个数作为动态手势的开始和结束;对人手的运动轨迹进行分析,针对运动轨迹的运动方向的变化,提取了该动态手势的运动方向变化角度作为特征;采用隐马尔科夫模型训练和识别各个手势.实验结果表明:方法能够识别16个大写手写英文字母,且效果较好.     

基于视觉技术的手势跟踪与动作识别算法

对工业生产线上规程化操作动作进行手势跟踪与动作识别研究。首先选取YCbCr颜色模型进行手部区域识别,获得完整手部区域;然后利用Euclidean距离变换计算相邻2个手部运动轨迹点之间的距离和各帧图像的手部运动速度;再利用扩展有限状态机模型实现手部运动的分割,将分割的多个动作与建立的动作模板匹配,利用Hausdorff距离匹配法判断匹配结果的准确性,实现手部动作的识别。实验结果表明：该手部动作识别算法对背景干扰和摄像头轻微震动具有一定的抗噪能力,有较高的动作识别正确率,能够满足现实工作环境下的应用需求。     

使用肤色模型和动态跟踪窗口的手势跟踪算法

手势分析是HCI（Human Computer Interaction）技术的重要研究领域,而手势跟踪是手势分析的的一项重要步骤。提出了一种结合肤色模型和动态跟踪窗口的手势跟踪算法。算法首先在序列图像中进行肤色检测将图像二值化,然后用动态跟踪窗口逼近手部区域。实验结果表明,该算法是有效的,同时也能满足实时性的要求。     

基于手势识别的机器人人机交互技术研究

研究了基于视觉的动态手势识别技术,采用基于肤色的高斯模型与改进的光流场跟踪算法结合的方 法,实现了复杂背景下实时的手势跟踪,具有快速和准确的特点,且具有较好的鲁棒性．对于动态手势识别器,采 用了隐马尔可夫模型（HMM）作为训练识别算法．考虑到动态手势特征本身的一些特点,对HMM 参数优化算法重 估式加以修正,调整了算法比例因子,从而推导了最佳状态链的确定算法、HMM 参数优化算法．最后将研究开发 的动态手势识别算法成功地应用到了基于网络的远程机器人控制系统中．     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。