基于摇架约束的炮口振动仿真分析

针对火炮射击时身管振动动力学和减小炮口振动的问题,建立了综合考虑弹炮刚柔耦合和摇架约束的身管振动动力学模型,以和射击精度相关的炮口振动横向线速度、横向线加速度和角位移、角速度表征炮口振动,在ADAMS中对身管振动动力学模型的四个参量进行了数值仿真求解,并考虑通过改变模型中摇架前后衬套距离来减小炮口振动。仿真结果表明,摇架约束的模型能够反应火炮射击时的身管实际振动规律,为减小炮口振动设计提供的依据。     

某型车载遥控武器站发射动力学仿真分析

研究武器系统优化射击精度问题,膛口振动响应是影响武器射击密集度的重要因素,影响武器系统的战斗力。车载遥控系统能满足单发射击的精度,但连发时射击精度较差。为提高某型车载遥控武器站的连发射击密集度,建立了武器站的动力学模型,利用传感器(Sensor)和IF函数控制武器的连发射击动作,应用ADAMS软件进行了可视化发射动力学仿真。通过与实测结果的比较分析验证了仿真模型的正确性,比较不同发射工况下的武器膛口动力学特性曲线,得到了影响膛口振动的主要因素,对改善武器振动性能和提高武器射击密集度具有参考价值。     

双自动机并联发射时膛口流场数值仿真

为研究双自动机近距离并联发射时膛口流场特征及其对弹丸运动影响问题,采用计算流体力学方法结合动网格技术,建立了包含弹丸运动的膛口流场数值仿真模型,对双自动机近距离并联发射时复杂膛口流场进行了数值仿真.以三种不同身管间距为例,得出了双自动机并联发射时膛几流场的形成、发展及相互干扰过程,及膛口流场对弹丸出炮u后运动姿态的影响情况.仿真结果表明双自动机在近距离发射时,相互干扰的膛口流场对弹丸出炮口后运动姿态有较大影响,以至影响火炮系统射击精度.在双自动机近距离并联发射时,为保证武器系统射击精度,应采取相应措施消除两身管间膛口流场的相互干扰,减小膛内流场对弹丸运动姿态的影响.     

带有大刚度柔性梁系统的非线性控制

针对火炮身管振动影响射击准确度的问题,建立考虑身管微形变的炮塔动力学模型和状态空间模型.基于该系统模型,利用多项式平方和(SOS)方法设计非线性状态反馈控制器和非线性状态观测器,给出控制器和观测器在设计时满足分离原理的条件.数值仿真结果表明,所提出的方法可以使火炮随动系统在驱动炮台的同时有效抑制身管振动.     

带炮口装置时某火炮膛口流场数值仿真

研究炮口装置能控制火药气体从膛口流出后的流动状态,可以改变身管受力及膛口流场射流结构分布状况,对火炮武器系统性能有重要影响。为研究某新型炮口装置性能及其对弹丸运动影响问题,提高精度,采用计算流体力学结合动网格技术,建立了包含炮口装置和运动弹丸的膛口流场数值仿真模型,利用轴对称Euler方程组和有限体积法(FVM),对带炮口装置的某火炮膛口流场进行了数值仿真。仿真结果反映了带炮口装置时膛口流场发展过程及射流结构的主要特征。根据数值仿真结果分析了膛口流场对弹丸受力状况及运动状态的影响。仿真结果表明某新型炮口装置对膛口流场结构有较大影响,并会影响弹丸出炮口后运动状态,从而影响火炮射击精度。     

火炮振动分析与多体系统模型研究

研究火炮振动对于提高射击精度有重要意义. 冲击激励的特殊性和机械系统的复杂性,使火炮振动成为长期关注的经典问题,建立逼近火炮真实运动状态的动力学模型、分析掌握各种冲击作用下的振动特性,是火炮振动的核心研究分支. 本文在发展多刚体与多柔体系统动力学理论的基础上,研究了火炮动力学的 Lagrange 方程及 Guass 变分建模方法,并由其建立了火炮振动的刚性、刚柔耦合多体系统模型; 针对案例分别研究了火炮系统的冲击响应规律及固有振动特性,获得了火炮振动与其结构参数的内在联系. 研究结果对于改善火炮的振动性能、提高射击精度,具有理论指导意义和工程应用价值.     

基于振动特征的火炮身管打击精度控制仿真

针对当前方法对火炮身管的打击精度进行控制时,控制所用的时间较长,控制后火炮身管在振动影响下的位移较大,存在控制效率低和控制精度低的问题,提出振动特征的火炮身管打击精度控制方法.在火炮发射动力学理论的基础上分析弹丸膛内运动以及火炮身管的后坐复进运动情况,构建火炮发射动力学模型,在火炮发射动力学模型的基础上分析火炮身管的振...     

融合稳定性与炮口扰动的车载火炮参数优化

射击稳定性与射击密集度是体现车载火炮综合作战性能的关键指标,也是进行车炮匹配问题研究与优化的重要内容。针对稳定性参数与炮口扰动参数时空属性不同,在ADAMS中无法进行综合优化的难题,结合多体动力学仿真软件ADAMS、Box-Behnken试验设计方法及Matlab遗传算法工具箱等技术提出了融合射击稳定性与炮口扰动的组合优化方案,并基于某车载火炮虚拟样机对上述方法进行了验证。根据优化结果,某车载火炮车尾跳高、车尾侧移、炮口位移均获得较为明显的优化效果,为车载火炮车炮总体参数优化匹配研究奠定了基础。     

多管火箭射击精度仿真试验新方法

该文提出了多管火箭射击精度的仿真试验新思路,构造了射击精度仿真试验的基本框架。对多管火箭射击精度仿真试验的研究内容、研究方法和技术途径进行了论述,表明系统仿真模型的校核、验证和确认是关键。提出应用多体系统传递矩阵法,建立刚柔耦合多管火箭动力学模型,通过建立增广特征矢量,获得其正交性条件,实现对多管火箭振动特性和动力响应的精确分析的仿真算法。结合简易控制和弹道理论,建立多管火箭射击精度仿真系统。应用最大熵方法,形成了多管火箭射击精度仿真试验的新方法。     

自行火炮虚拟试验平台研究

为了实现自行火炮从开始射击到弹丸出炮口全过程的协同仿真,建立了由内弹道计算模块、自行火炮动力学仿真模块和系统优化模块三个子系统组成的火炮虚拟试验平台;同时,通过将虚拟体引入仿真模型,得到了以弹丸运动状态为目标函数的火炮系统优化模型.以某型火炮为例,获得了在相同射击条件下试验测试数据和平台仿真结果的对比曲线,以及弹炮间结构参数对弹丸角速度的优化结果.分析表明,虚拟试验平台能较真实地反映自行火炮的动态响应特性和弹丸的膛内运动规律,可用于分析火炮结构对射弹散布的影响,为弹炮耦合问题的研究及系统优化提供了一定参考.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.