基于SDN与NDN的卫星网络多约束路由算法

针对NDN卫星网络内容传输时延高、丢包率高且请求命中率低的问题,提出了一种基于SDN与NDN的卫星网络多约束路由算法,并命名为SNMcRA。基于SDN的集中控制与全局视图,通过建立多约束路由模型,将链路多约束信息与蚁群算法相结合以求解满足时延、带宽、丢包率多约束的代价最小路径,由节点在包转发的过程中动态完成转发表FIB和待定请求表PIT的构建。实验结果表明,该算法与DSP算法相比时延降低了35%,带宽利用率提升了29%,丢包率降低了17%,并且在请求命中率方面也具有显著优势。     

基于虚拟拓扑的低轨卫星路由切换算法仿真

针对低轨卫星网络中星地链路、星间链路的不断切换会造成路由重构,而星地路由重构时间过长将严重影响数据传输时延稳定性的问题,提出一种卫星路由切换算法.算法结合了卫星网络拓扑可预测性和地面电台动态性的特点,在动态路由计算的过程中加入静态可预测信息以降低动态路由的计算开销,并基于OPNET搭建了一个低轨卫星系统仿真平台来验证该协议.仿真结果表明,上述协议能有效的解决低轨卫星系统路由重构的问题,降低了丢包率,减少了系统端到端时延.     

微纳卫星网络的可信蚁群安全路由算法

微纳卫星节点能量受限,具有移动性,缺乏有效的安全路由算法保护,为此提出基于信任机制的可信蚁群安全路由算法。根据节点的行为结合剩余能量计算出节点的信任值,使用蚁群算法综合考虑节点信任值和移动性选择可信度高且能够形成稳定链路的节点传输数据。仿真结果表明,所提路由算法能够有效抵御微纳卫星网络中内部恶意节点对数据传输的影响,在平均端到端时延、丢包率和平均能耗等指标上都有改善。     

基于改进Dijkstra算法的配用电通信网流量调度策略

针对配用电通信网中数据汇聚易产生拥塞的问题,提出了一种复合边权值流量调度路由算法。首先,依据跳数建立节点分层模型;然后,划分配用电业务优先级和节点拥塞等级;最后,以跳数、流量负载率和链路利用率为综合指标计算边权值,对需要流量调度的节点根据改进的Dijkstra算法进行路由选择,同时对重度拥塞节点按照配用电业务优先级进行调度。与最短路径（SPF）算法和贪婪背压算法（GBRA）相比,在数据生成率为80 kb/s时,所提算法紧急型业务丢包率分别减少了81.3%和67.7%,关键型业务丢包率分别减少了79%和63.8%。仿真结果表明,所提算法能有效缓解网络拥塞,提高网络有效吞吐量,降低网络端到端时延和高优先级业务的丢包率。     

基于链路可靠性的两跳QoS路由

针对工业无线传感器网络对路由协议的QoS要求，研究了一种基于链路可靠性的两跳QoS路由（Link-Reliability Based Two-Hop Routing for QoS Guarantee in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks， LRTHQR）.采用两跳速度策略和数据优先级调度策略提高实时性，采用改进的信任评估模型以选择可信路径进行路由，采用基于接收功率的链接概率和数据包重传次数作为衡量链路可靠性的指标，同时采用能够综合考虑节点剩余能量和转发能耗的转发策略，以改善网络寿命.仿真结果显示：与未考虑链路可靠性的NCSRT （NodeCredible Security Routing for IWSN Based on THTR）算法相比， LRTHQR算法在丢包率、时延以及包平均能耗方面有着明显优势；与同样侧重QoS要求的LRTHR （Link-Reliability based Two-Hop Routing）算法相比， LRTHQR算法在截止期错失率、路由开销以及包平均能耗方面有着显著提升.     

一种基于时隙划分的三层卫星网络QoS路由协议

提出了一种基于低轨/中轨/高轨（LEO/MEO/GEO）卫星网络体系结构（TLSN）和时空分割思想的QoS路由协议（TDRP）,详细阐述了时空分割思想和时隙优化方法,重点研究了QoS路由的实现框架和路由算法（BDA）的实现原理.在此基础上,卫星网络体系结构和路由协议的性能得到了详细分析和仿真验证.相同负载情况下,TLSN中端到端时延和时延抖动性能明显好于LEO卫星网络;同Dijkstra算法相比,BDA算法在端到端时延、时延抖动、丢包率、吞吐量方面具有更好的QoS保证能力.     

基于软件定义网络的卫星网络容错路由机制

鉴于卫星网络对安全性和应对故障的能力有很高的要求，引入了软件定义网络（SDN）技术，在网络中放置中央控制器来增强网络对故障的应对能力。首先，基于SDN的思想设计了一种卫星网络模型，计算了三层轨道上卫星运行的参数并构建星座；然后，采用分层路由的方法，设计了一种针对卫星网络的容错路由机制；最后，在Mininet平台上进行了仿真实验，将容错路由算法（FTR）的实验结果与基于链路感知的星间路由算法（LRSR）和多层卫星网络路由算法（MLSR）的实验结果进行了对比。对比结果表明，在网络中无损坏节点和链路的情况下，FTR的路由总延时比LRSR平均降低了6.06%，说明了引入SDN集中控制的有效性；FTR的丢包率比同样以最小延时为目标的MLSR降低了25.79%，说明了在网络模型中为中轨道（MEO）卫星设计临时存储路由机制的有效性。而当网络中节点和链路的失效情况比较严重时，FTR的路由总延时比LRSR降低了3.99%，比MLSR降低了19.19%；其丢包率比LRSR降低了16.94%，比MLSR降低了37.95%，说明了FTR的容错有效性。实验结果验证了基于SDN的卫星网络路由机制具有更好的容错能力。     

LEO卫星网中基于地理位置的分布式动态路由算法的研究

LEO卫星网络中进行信息交换，首先要解决的就是星际链路网络上路由问题，而运行于地面网络的路由算法，在卫星网络中并不适用．将针对LEO卫星网络星际链路的特点进行深入研究，提出一种新型的符合LEO卫星网络拓扑高速变化等特点的基于地理位置的分布式动态路由算法，并构建地面网络对该算法和现在流行的路由算法的性能进行仿真验证和比较，证明我们提出的新型动态路由算法能适应LEO卫星网络环境，能够提供较好的通信质量，就有较短的通信时延．     

基于AODV的物联网路由算法改进研究

针对AODV协议在物联网应用场景下存在的路由不稳定、数据丢包率高、时延大的问题,提出了一种基于AODV的物联网路由改进算法。该算法将信号接收强度作为路由建路的一个指标,当节点信号接收强度低于门限值时发送警告消息报文通知源节点重新发起建路请求。该改进算法能够提前识别不可靠中继节点并在链路中断前寻找新的传输路径。NS2仿真实验结果表明,与之前的AODV协议相比改进后的算法拥有更低的丢包率和时延。     

基于轮循机制和RED的语音流调度机制

本文提出了一种新的VoIP业务流调度机制(RR-RED),通过随机早期检测(RED)和轮循机制(Round Robin)控制主动丢包。该机制很好的继承了RED算法的优点,同时根据VoIP业务流的特点,降低了连续丢包率,同时通过提高多业务流丢包的公平性,提高了链路利用率。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.