基于概率分布的流程工厂模型拓扑相似度计算

为了解决流程工厂模型拓扑相似度计算问题,提出基于概率分布函数的相似度计算方法.首先利用隐马尔可夫建模及状态序列推断,从工厂拓扑结构中挖掘隐含的拓扑语义;然后通过隐含狄利克雷分配模型将拓扑语义映射成长度固定的特征向量;最后用概率模型描述全体特征向量分布,并用分布函数计算2个拓扑结构间的相似度.依据流程工厂专家设计建模的专业知识及从业经验,验证了该方法的准确性和有效性.     

多模式移动对象不确定性轨迹预测模型

以移动设备、车辆、飞机、飓风等移动对象不确定性轨迹预测问题为背景,将大规模移动对象数据作为研究对象,以频繁轨迹模式挖掘、高斯混合回归技术为主要研究手段,提出多模式移动对象轨迹预测模型,关键技术包括:1）针对单一运动模式,提出一种基于频繁轨迹模式树FTP-tree的轨迹预测方法,利用基于密度的热点区域挖掘算法将轨迹点划分成不同的聚簇,构建轨迹频繁模式树,挖掘频繁轨迹模式预测移动对象连续运动位置.不同数据集上实验结果表明基于FTP-tree的轨迹预测算法在保证时间效率的前提下预测准确性明显优于已有预测算法.2）针对复杂多模式运动行为,利用高斯混合回归方法建模,计算不同运动模式的概率分布,将轨迹数据划分为不同分量,利用高斯过程回归预测移动对象最可能运动轨迹.实验证明,相比于基于隐马尔科夫模型和卡尔曼滤波的预测方法,所提方法具有较高的预测准确性和较低的时间代价.     

基于频繁模式树的普遍化关联规则挖掘

提出了基于频繁模式树的普遍化关联规则挖掘算法 MGAR- FP,充分利用频繁模式树的性质 ,避免大量候选模式的生成和频繁模式匹配 ,提高了挖掘的效率和速度 .实验表明 ,算法是有效的 ,比传统的普遍化关联规则挖掘算法Cum ulate快     

基于循环十字链表的频繁模式挖掘算法

FP-growth算法是当前挖掘频繁模式的有效算法之一,但FP树的节点占用空间较大,长时间占用内存不释放,挖掘过程中需要产生大量的条件FP树,因而时空效率不理想.提出了一种循环十字链表结构用作存储事务数据库,而不生成FP树,在挖掘频繁项集的过程中,这种链表结构逐步缩小,减少了内存的使用率,通过构建排序的条件频繁模式树挖掘频繁项集.理论分析和实验表明基于这种结构的排序条件频繁模式树挖掘频繁项集具有较好的时空效率.     

改进关联规则挖掘算法在入侵检测中的应用

在关联规则挖掘算法中基于FP-树的FP-Growth挖掘算法在挖掘频繁模式的过程中需要递归产生大量的条件FP—树,效率不高,FP-Growth算法不太适合应用到入侵中多种要素交叉的关联关系的挖掘中.因为入侵的方法及要素很多,在检测中需要对入侵样本进行条件约束下的定量分析.文中分析入侵检测的特点,提出基于条件频繁项的频繁模式树CP-Tree以及在此树挖掘的改进算法MineCPT.分析与实验结果表明,MineCPT算法在效率和可靠性等方面比FP-Growth 算法更优越,在入侵检测中取得了较好的效果.     

约束频繁模式树及其构造方法研究

频繁模式挖掘是影响关联规则挖掘效率的主要步骤.采用一阶谓词逻辑作为用户感兴趣的背景知识表示技术,提出一种基于背景知识的频繁模式树-CFP-Tree(Constrain Frequent Pattern Tree),并给出了其构造算法CFPT-Construct,从而提高关联规则挖掘结果的针对性,降低了FP-Tree构造的复杂性,有效地解决了FP-Tree构造算法中数据存储的瓶颈问题.最后以国家天文台提供的天体光谱数据作为数据集,实验验证了算法的有效性、针对性和高效率.     

海量加密军用数据下的频繁项目集挖掘仿真

军用加密数据为了达到保密的目的,人为设定了较多的加密规则,打破了数据之间常规的关联性.在进行军用数据挖掘建立关联规则时,由于数据关联规则被人为隐藏,递归生成关联条件模式树的过程中,传统的FP-tree算法挖掘算法,由于加密数据的关联复杂性,会递归生成大量条件模式树,导致后期挖掘过程占用了大量的挖掘算法资源,挖掘效率较低.提出基于改进FP-tree的海量加密军用数据下频繁项目集挖掘算法,依据海量加密军用数据下频繁项目集挖掘原理,在FP-tree 算法的基础上,依据预剪枝策略减少挖掘节点,通过单向有序FP-tree防止每次存储当前挖掘出的频繁项目集之前都需要超集检验,建立项目表格,避免递归生成条件模式树浪费资源.将提出的改进FP-tree算法应用到海量加密军用数据下频繁项目集的挖掘中,获取的实验结果说明,改进FP-tree算法在提高加密军用数据频繁项目集挖掘速度及准确率方面具有较高的优越性.     

多段支持度数据频繁模式关联规则挖掘仿真

针对传统数据关联挖掘过程只适用于单段数据集,导致内存负担重、挖掘频繁项集效率不高等问题,提出一种多段支持度数据频繁模式关联规则挖掘方法.运用多支持度算法对数据集逐步搜索,数据集按照数据项的MIS大小有序排列,采用最小值作为最小支持度,确保该算法的地推性.构建FP_ tree树,利用FP_tree算法对待选项实施剪枝,从而准确挖掘出频繁模式的关联规则.仿真结果证明,多段支持度数据频繁模式关联规则挖掘具有较好的性能,有效提高了关联规则的挖掘效率.     

基于二叉频繁模式树的医学图像关联规则挖掘

医学图像的数据量是相当巨大的,挖掘医学图像中数据的关联关系就需要一种适合挖掘海量数据的挖掘算法。针对基于频繁模式树FP_TREE的关联规则算法在挖掘海量数据时占用大量内存的缺点,提出了一种基于二叉频繁模式树(FP_BTREE)的关联规则算法。该算法采用二叉树存储数据的技术来映射数据库中数据,以减少对数据库的访问次数。而且根据内存具体情况可以先求出先建立的二叉频繁模式树的频繁模式。解决了占用大量内存的缺点,适合挖掘医学图像海量数据集。此算法也为多棵二叉频繁模式树的并行计算打下基础。最后应用此算法提取医学图像数据集中隐含的关联信息。     

一种高效的多层和概化关联规则挖掘方法

通过对分类数据的深入研究,提出了一种高效的多层关联规则挖掘方法:首先,根据分类数据所在的领域知识构建基于领域知识的项相关性模型DICM(domain knowledge-based item correlation model),并通过该模型对分类数据的项进行层次聚类;然后,基于项的聚类结果对事务数据库进行约简划分;最后,将约简划分后的事务数据库映射至一种压缩的AFOPT树形结构,并通过遍历AFOPT树替代原事务数据库来挖掘频繁项集.由于缩小了事务数据库规模,并采用了压缩的AFOPT结构,所提出的方法有效地节省了算法的I/O时间,极大地提升了多层关联规则的挖掘效率.基于该方法,给出了一种自顶向下的多层关联规则挖掘算法TD-CBP-MLARM和一种自底向上的多层关联规则挖掘算法BU-CBP-MLARM.此外,还将该挖掘方法成功扩展至概化关联规则挖掘领域,提出了一种高效的概化关联规则挖掘算法CBP-GARM.通过大量人工随机生成数据的实验证明,所提出的多层和概化关联规则挖掘算法不仅可以确保频繁项集挖掘结果的正确性和完整性,还比现有同类最新算法具有更好的挖掘效率和扩展性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。