航母编队防空舰防空作战部署问题建模分析

为给防空舰防空作战部署提供决策参考,研究了航母编队防空舰作战部署问题。首先对航母防空舰防空作战基本问题进行了建模分析,综合考虑防空舰武器拦截距离、防空舰航行速度、空袭目标速度,提出了防空舰前置部署距离的计算公式,在此基础上,分别研究了航母编队预警探测支援条件下和扇区防御任务下的防空舰作战部署问题。最后给出了典型仿真案例,仿真结果显示模型具有实用性和可行性。     

水面舰艇编队拖曳声纳舰阵位配置及行动方法

研究水面舰艇编队优化问题,由于潜艇对水面舰艇编队构成严重威胁,为有效保护舰艇安全,选择声纳舰的位置十分重要.拖曳声纳舰作为水面舰艇编队主要对潜警戒信号,对阵位配置及行动方法对编队的反潜效能影响巨大.针对水面舰艇编队航渡中近程拖曳声纳舰的阵位配置问题,提出了一种方法.通过对舰艇编队反潜警戒区的划分,总结了拖曳声纳舰阵位配置原则,建立了关于拖曳声纳舰阵位的模型,仿真计算了各种参数对拖曳声纳舰阵位的影响,并提出了拖曳声纳舰“蛙跳”行动的方法,并进行仿真.结果表明,方法有效,为指挥员编队决策提供了参考依据.     

舰空导弹拦截反舰导弹仿真模型研究

在高技术条件下的水面舰艇编队作战中,建立高效的舰空导弹武器系统,成为世界各国海军发展的主流方向。在研究水面舰艇舰空导弹反导效能时发现,原有的模型已不适用于现有导弹,因此首先对舰空导弹拦截反舰导弹作战过程进行分析,然后应用离散事件仿真理论,通过实体流图法建立仿真模型,采用事件调度法推进仿真时钟前进,使用概率统计方法对仿真结果进行处理并得出结论。最后文章对模型的适用性进行了分析。     

基于潜艇先验航向信息的编队应召搜索研究

应召反潜是水面舰艇编队常用的反潜方式之一，现阶段研究的应召反潜方法多是在已知敌潜艇先验位置信息条件下的对潜搜索方法，而对于某些特定条件下的对潜搜索不具有普适性。在研究水面舰艇编队平行应召反潜的基础上，建立了潜艇初始位置和概略航向已知、航速未知条件下的水面舰艇编队对潜搜索概率基本模型，并进行了仿真评估。通过Matlab仿真，给出了水面舰艇数量、接敌速度、搜索速度和潜艇机动速度等因素对搜索概率的影响关系，为水面舰艇编队反潜作战提供了理论依据和技术支撑。     

基于距离量测的双领航多AUV协同定位队形优化分析

利用领航与跟随多自主水下航行器(AUV)间相对距离量测信息进行协同定位,可有效提高多AUV编队整体定位精度.针对多AUV编队队形对协同定位性能所造成的影响,利用Fisher信息矩阵(FIM)行列式的对数构建协同定位性能评价函数,并通过评价函数的最大化实现编队队形的优化.分析并验证多AUV编队含有两个跟随AUV及两个以上跟随AUV共圆情况下的最优队形,并利用梯度下降算法进行迭代搜索,从而获得两个以上跟随AUV不共圆情况下的优化队形.最后,通过仿真实验结果验证结论的正确性及队形优化算法的有效性.     

基于位置信息的海上编队目标关联方法

根据海上舰艇编队的特点,针对传统电子侦察与雷达目标关联方法的不足,提出了一种基于位置信息的海上编队目标关联方法,并通过改变对目标观测次数、舰艇间距、编队队形和目标与基线距离等4种因素来对传统关联方法和基于位置信息关联方法进行了仿真比较,仿真结果表明:基于位置信息的关联方法综合考虑了多观测站的信息,在多种因素的影响下表现比较稳定,且能获得较高的关联正确率,具有明显的优越性。     

基于多智能体的舰艇编队防空仿真系统研究

近年来兴起的复杂性科学研究,特别是复杂适应系统理论,为作战仿真的研究提供了新的思路.文中运用HLA/RTI技术搭建舰艇编队防空仿真系统的框架,将水面舰艇编队防空作战中的各类作战子系统抽象为智能体,并且设计智能体的内部结构.以舰艇编队拦截不同飞行高度的反舰导弹为例,通过各类作战子系统智能体对防空作战中各种作战原则的适应性学习,验证基本的舰艇编队防空原则,并使用目标分配策略解决多个智能体拦截同一目标的冲突问题.     

编队协同防空决策优化模型研究

在有限的防空资源下,如何根据作战态势的变化选择舰艇编队的作战单元,来提高舰艇编队协同防空的作战效能,是指挥员所必须要考虑的问题。为了提高整个编队的防空作战决策效能,在舰艇编队防空协同作战的基础上,对舰艇编队防空决策优化决策模型进行了研究,提出了基于多阶段多目标的个体/协同信息成员选择模型。     

基于改进遗传算法的舰空导弹火力优化仿真

针对严峻的空中威胁,快速合理的进行火力分配,充分发挥舰空导弹作战效能,为了最大限度的保护水面舰艇安全。在分析现代水面舰艇编队防空作战过程的基础上,结合现代水面舰艇编队防空的基本原则,运用改进的遗传算法建立了水面舰艇舰空导弹火力优化配置模型。使算法通过合理可信的目标函数、十进制编码、控制初始种群个体距离、重复度防畸判断和统一优选产生子代策略,保证了产生个体的有效性,提高了搜索质量,加快了搜索速度。最后,通过两个实例进行了仿真实验和结果分析,结果证明：算法可以快速有效地进行舰空导弹的火力分配,可以解决复杂防空态势,搜索结果可信度高,实用性强。     

室内多站测向交叉定位性能分析

分析了常用的无源定位方法在室内定位中的适用性;分析了双站测向交叉测向定位的解析算法的GDOP,并对4组参数情况下的GDOP进行了仿真比较;分析了三站三维测向交叉定位的基本算法与基于泰勒级数的定位算法的GDOP,做了仿真比较,并将该算法推广到四站测向交叉定位算法;仿真结果表明:在测向误差为5°时,四站交叉测向定位算法的定位误差在1 m以内.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.