改进PSO算法在多无人机协同任务分配中的应用

针对多无人机协同任务分配越来越复杂的问题,采用一种改进的阶层分级粒子群优化算法（HGIWPSO）获得最优分配方案。首先,根据粒子适应度值将种群动态划分为三个不同阶层,依据不同阶层粒子特性选择合适的学习模型,并引入独立权重思想调节惯性权重大小,平衡算法全局与局部搜索能力,提高算法性能;然后,建立协同多任务分配问题模型,采用多余负载竞拍方案减少非法劣解,通过实数编码建立粒子和实际分配方案之间的映射关系,解决实际分配问题。实验结果表明,该算法能够有效解决复杂约束条件下多无人机协同任务分配问题,得到最优分配序列,具有一定的理论以及实际意义。     

应用粒子群优化分配WSN多目标跟踪节点任务

针对WSN多目标跟踪时传感器节点任务分配竞争冲突问题,提出一种基于最近邻的离散粒子群优化节点跟踪任务分配算法.通过构建多目标多传感器节点联盟协同跟踪任务分配问题的数学模型和目标函数,采用最近邻法对粒子群节点任务分配进行初始化,以目标函数作为适应值函数指引粒子飞行,快速实现节点优化分配.实验表明:在节点覆盖较稀疏情况下,粒子群优化节点任务分配方法与最近邻方法相比,能耗大大减少,并能有效解决多目标跟踪节点任务分配冲突问题和多个监测联盟对传感器资源竞争冲突时系统能耗增加的问题.PSO算法对于实际环境的WSN多目标跟踪具有优越性.     

基于粒子群算法的移动边缘计算任务分配方法

为提高移动终端任务分配效率,降低计算能量损耗,提出基于粒子群算法的移动边缘计算任务分配方法。通过构建异构网络获取完整的需要分配的任务,明确任务分配时所需的特定条件,即分配消耗和时延等。将分配任务转化成寻找分配结果的最优解,构建最优解模型,利用粒子群算法对模型实施求解,经过不断迭代和更新,生成最优边缘计算任务的分配结果。实验结果表明,粒子群方法在分配任务数量为20~100之间时计算时间在1 s~3.3 s;当任务数量为100时,本文方法能耗仅为4107 J;粒子群方法在任务达到率达到100%时,其时延仅为12.5 ms;其任务分配计算时间短、能量消耗小和数据传输的时延短,能较好地满足实际应用需要。     

一种高效的分布式爬虫系统负载均衡策略

传统分布式爬虫系统负载均衡方法仅考虑少量的负载影响因素,未对各爬虫节点负载情况进行全面有效的评估,使得任务量的分配不合理。针对该问题,提出一种面向分布式爬虫系统的高效负载均衡策略。分析影响爬虫节点运行时间的因素,采用BP神经网络构建基于多影响因素的非线性分布式爬虫节点运行时间模型。以该模型预测的各子节点运行时间的最小方差为负载均衡策略的目标函数,并利用带约束条件的改进粒子群优化算法求解目标函数,确定负载均衡的任务分配方案。实验结果表明,该负载均衡策略在满足爬虫节点高性能要求的前提下,能有效缩短分布式爬虫系统的运行时间。     

基于改进PSO算法的机动通信保障任务分配方法

针对机动通信保障问题建立任务分配模型,结合梯度下降法提出一种基于改进粒子群算法(TSPSO)的任务分配模型求解方法.在TSPSO算法中增加判断极值陷阱、粒子二次搜索、设定禁忌区域、粒子淘汰与生成4个部分,并将TSPSO算法与其他4种改进PSO算法应用于四种典型测试函数的优化.结果表明,TSPSO算法收敛精度更高、收敛速度更快.在基于TSPSO算法的任务分配模型求解方法中,基于各机动通信保障单元到不同通信地点分配概率的思想对粒子群进行编码和解码,提高模型求解效率.仿真结果表明,TSPSO算法能够快速寻找到机动通信保障任务最优分配方案.     

一种带混合联盟的无线传感器网络任务分配策略

针对现有无线传感器网络任务分配策略通常不考虑任务内部结构,从而会影响网络生命周期、能耗及负载平衡等问题,基于逻辑依赖性提出一种新的无线传感器网络任务分配策略。该策略首先由选出的盟主根据任务本身具有的逻辑依赖性,逐层将任务分解为一系列的子任务,并依据逻辑依赖性赋予子任务优先级,最后运用矩阵的二进制编码设计一种基于位置加权的离散粒子群优化的带混合联盟的无线传感器网络任务分配算法,找到某个合适节点执行此子任务。引入虚拟节点以加强盟主间的交流;引入能量阈值对节点能量进行预测并决定子任务是否迁移;运用拓扑和逆拓扑排序法,根据子任务预期完成时间及权重系数求出关键子任务,选择优先分配能力强、执行效率高的节点执行相应子任务。仿真结果表明,该任务分配策略能有效延长网络生命周期、均衡网络负载和减少网络能耗等。     

分布式空间数据库的动态负载平衡算法

针对分布式应用环境下空间数据库系统的负载失衡问题,提出一种基于服务类型的负载均衡算法。该算法根据不同空间信息服务类型对系统性能指标要求的差异,采用任务和数据相结合的双重迁移机制。在进行任务分配时,根据迁移对象采用不同的分配算法,以保证任务和数据都能够相对均衡地分配到系统中的各个节点上。实验和测试表明,该算法在并发用户不断增多的情况下,有效地控制了系统的负载状况,使系统能够保持稳定的性能。     

基于多种群进化与粒子群优化混合的频谱分配算法

为了解决认知无线网络中的频谱分配问题,提出一种基于多种群进化与粒子群优化混合的频谱分配算法。它采用图论着色模型,首先使用遗传算法将多个种群进行独立进化,以提高种群的全局搜索能力;然后选出每个种群中的最优的个体作为粒子群优化的粒子,并通过控制每个粒子的初始速度方向来加快算法的收敛速度。最后以系统总收益最大化和用户间的公平性为优化目标与遗传算法和粒子群算法进行了对比实验,仿真结果表明,该算法在收敛速度、认知用户接入公平性和系统总收益3个方面的性能均优于遗传算法和粒子群算法。     

分布式空间数据库的动态负载平衡算法

针对分布式应用环境下空间数据库系统的负载失衡问题,提出一种基于服务类型的负载均衡算法.该算法根据不同空间信息服务类型对系统性能指标要求的差异,采用任务和数据相结合的双重迁移机制.在进行任务分配时,根据迁移对象采用不同的分配算法,以保证任务和数据都能够相对均衡地分配到系统中的各个节点上.实验和测试表明,该算法在并发用户不断增多的情况下,有效地控制了系统的负载状况,使系统能够保持稳定的性能.     

Hadoop环境下基于数据本地化的Reduce任务调度策略

在MapReduce模型任务处理过程中,当Reduce任务开始执行,远程拉取Map阶段的输出数据时,会消耗大量的网络带宽,甚至会出现网络瓶颈问题。本文提出基于数据本地化和负载均衡的任务分配策略。该策略中用户首先设置采样数据量M,在Map阶段对前M个数据块进行采样;其次根据采样结果,同时考虑数据本地化因素,将Reduce任务进行分配;然后基于负载均衡将Reduce任务进行再分配,通过任务分配,系统生成一个任务分配表;最后启动Reduce任务,系统开始数据拉取,未被采样的数据根据任务分配表进行任务分配。通过大量实验验证,基于数据本地化和负载均衡的任务分配策略,既能减少Shuffle阶段数据的传输量,又能降低网络带宽的消耗,同时可以避免出现某些节点空闲而其它节点任务量大甚至处理不了的情况,从而提高了集群处理数据的整体能力。      

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。