AHP与FUZZY在软件开发项目风险管理中的综合应用

归纳了软件开发项目的几大常见风险,在此基础上,通过集成层次分析法AHP和模糊综合评判法FUZZY的原理和模型,设计出软件开发项目风险评价的指标体系,并运用Delphi方法,让多名专家对各项指标赋权而得出每个指标的权重,之后通过风险因素U到模糊评判评语集V的模糊映射,得到模糊评估矩阵。最后根据FUZZY理论,运用模糊矩阵的合成运算,对软件开发项目风险进行两级评估,从而构建了集成方法下软件开发项目风险评价的过程和模型。结论对软件开发项目管理者具有实际参考价值。     

一种改进的网络安全风险模糊综合评判法

研究网络安全风险评估问题.信息资产价值、安全威胁和安全漏洞是风险评估时必须评估的三个指标.针对传统模糊综合评判法直接评估各指标的风险等级和权重,容易出现评估偏差,导致最终模糊综合评判结果不够客观、准确.为提高评估效率和准确性,提出改进的网络安全风险糊综合评判法,各指标的风险等级采取先由专家评估指标风险值,再通过列表法求得;各指标权重采取先由专家评估指标排队等级,再通过公式法求得.仿真结果表明,改进后的方法减少了主观因素的影响,提高了模糊综合评判的准确度.     

Web应用安全的集成风险评估方法

针对Web应用的安全风险,提出模糊综合评价与信息熵相结合的集成风险评估方法。对于Web应用的技术维度,采用层次分析法确定评估指标的权重;为更好地反映安全漏洞的潜在风险,在多级模糊评价的过程中引入峰值评判的准则。对于Web应用的管理维度,采用信息熵挖掘评估指标的权重和专家意见的权重,获取专家群体的一致性评判意见。通过应用实例证明了评估方法的可行性和有效性。该集成评估方法吸收了当前网络安全众测的理念,体现了网络安全等级保护和信息安全体系建设的要求,有利于组织快速评估Web应用安全风险并进行持续的改进。     

气象信息网络安全风险评估

针对气象信息网络事故的随机性,复杂性和不确定的特点,以及在气象信息网络安全风险评估选取评估指标过程中存在的主观性,通过采用粗糙集改进的属性约简算法对用于评估的指标集进行约简,从而剔除其中的对最终结果不造成影响的指标,并且利用相对约简建立用于气象信息网络安全风险评估的层次指标体系,应用模糊层次分析法对选定的气象信息网络进行安全风险评估,比单纯的依靠专家打分法更具有科学依据和数据支持。     

基于多人网络层次分析法的商业银行网络安全评估模型

针对商业银行网络安全评估指标之间的相互依赖特性,提出一种基于网络层次分析法的多人风险评估模型。该模型首先利用网络层次分析法得出个体网络安全评估风险指数,并利用加权欧氏距离的双层多目标规划模型集结个体专家的决策结果。仿真实验通过对四家案例银行计算机网络安全风险进行评估,结果显示本模型的评估结果比个体评估更具有可信度。     

基于自适应专家权重的信息系统风险评估模型

针对风险评估过程中存在专家权重难以合理设置,评估结果受专家主观性影响大等问题,提出一种基于自适应专家权重的信息系统风险评估模型SAEW-ISRA,给出一种细粒度专家权重自适应调整方法。首先,在评估过程中引入三角模糊数对风险指标属性评分;其次,根据专家评分模糊度描述专家知识量,结合与专家群体评分的距离构建后验权重,可使专家权重自适应调整,同时使用模糊层次分析法构建风险指标权重;然后,提出信息系统风险指标危险度量化方法,可计算风险值;最后,通过某信息系统的风险评估实例验证所提方法能达到更高的评估准确性,同时在一定程度上解决了评估过程中权重不合理问题。     

基于梯形模糊AHP的信息安全风险综合评估

为提高风险评估的可信度,针对传统的层次分析法在确定因素权重方面存在的问题,引入梯形模糊数来确定权重,提出了基于梯形模糊层次分析法的综合评价方法,解决了风险评估中定性指标定量评估的难题。通过实例分析,验证了该方法的合理性和可行性。     

桥梁作为潜在恐袭目标的ANP仿真模型

为评估桥梁恐怖袭击风险,提出了一种基于网络分析法（ANP）的桥梁恐怖袭击风险评估仿真模型,通过构建桥梁恐怖袭击风险评估指标体系和ANP网络模型,采用delphi咨询法和Saaty标度法对部分定性评估指标进行了量化,利用Super Decision软件,分别使用ANP和AHP两种方法对某地区5座桥梁作为潜在恐袭目标进行了风险评估和对比分析。仿真结果表明,ANP方法能改进AHP风险评估模型的不足,评估结果可为相关部门反恐提供决策参考依据。     

基于改进模糊综合评价的旱情评估模型

通过对降水量、土壤相对湿度及植被供水指数等三个反映旱情的指标进行介绍,就传统综合评价法在权重确定方面的随意性和主观性问题,提出一种基于信息熵与层次分析法的改进模糊综合评估模型。该模型利用层次分析法计算主观权重,利用信息熵计算客观权重,并进行权重拟合,从而得到综合权重,最后计算出综合评价结果。经过和其他评估方法相比,该模型的评估结果更为合理、准确。     

飞机虚拟维修训练系统可信度评估方法研究

针对“人在回路”和“硬件在回路”仿真系统规模大,实体多的特点,提出一种基于二级模糊综合评价法的仿真系统可信度评估方法;运用层次分析法对飞机虚拟维修训练系统不同层级的仿真模型的可信度进行分析,从而建立一种基于二级层次模型的复杂仿真训练系统的可信度指标体系;运用模糊综合评价方法与专家评价法相结合的可信度评估量化方法,实现了对虚拟仿真训练系统的量化计算;在此基础上,利用典型实例对该方法进行了实验验证,证明该方法对可重用复杂仿真系统实现精确地量化评估;并根据实验结果分析了仿真系统的改进方向,对其提高仿真效果和实训能力具有重要的指导作用。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.