MEMS陀螺漂移误差建模与滤波

MEMS陀螺漂移误差直接影响光电稳定跟踪平台伺服机构的控制精度.针对MEMS陀螺随机漂移误差慢时变、弱非线性、难以准确补偿的特点,基于随机序列时序分析法的基本原理,对预处理后的MEMS陀螺漂移残差信号进行建模,并根据模型对残差信号进行Kalman滤波.结果显示滤波前后信号的方差提高了1到2个数量级,表明有效抑制了漂移误差,提高了MEMS陀螺的精度.     

基于多分辨率分析的硅微陀螺随机漂移时间序列建模

针对硅微陀螺的随机漂移误差,根据多尺度分析理论,提出了随机漂移趋势项提取算法,并应用于时间序列分析,采用波克斯-詹金斯法建立了ARMA模型。进一步采用长自回归-白噪化建模方法对模型进行了辨识和适用性检验。最后,构造Kalman滤波器对ARMA模型进行了滤波,滤波后方差减小了一个数量级,硅微陀螺原始漂移的零偏稳定性为34.428°/h,Kalman滤波后零偏稳定性为2.34°/h,有效地提高了陀螺的使用精度。     

基于Kalman滤波和神经网络的MEMS陀螺温度漂移补偿

MEMS陀螺温度漂移严重影响系统的测量精度。传统的BP神经网络建模补偿容易使权值和阈值陷入局部极小值,导致网络训练失败。陀螺输出信号中的高频噪声也会影响模型精度。针对上述问题,该文提出一种Kalman滤波结合粒子群算法(PSO)优化BP神经网络的MEMS陀螺温度漂移补偿方法。首先对陀螺进行了温度漂移测试实验,然后采用Kalman滤波对实验数据进行降噪,最后建立陀螺温度漂移模型,从而实现温度漂移的补偿。实验结果表明,采用该方法补偿后MEMS陀螺在不同温度下的输出方差降低了65.09%,与传统的BP神经网络相比补偿精度明显提高。     

基于ARIMA模型的光纤陀螺随机漂移滤波方法研究

对光纤陀螺随机漂移输出进行了非平稳性检验,并建立了非平稳求和自回归滑动平均(ARIMA)模型,在此模型的基础上对光纤陀螺随机漂移进行卡尔曼(Kalman)滤波,并对滤波结果进行Allan方差分析。与基于自回归(AR)模型的Kalman滤波结果进行比较,实验结果表明:基于ARIMA模型的Kalman滤波比基于AR模型的Kalman滤波更能减小光纤陀螺的零偏不稳定性和角度随机游走。     

基于自适应Kalman滤波的MEMS陀螺随机误差分析

针对某型MEMS陀螺随机误差较大、精度不高的问题,通过时间序列分析法,建立自回归滑动平均 ARMA(Auto-Regressive and Moving Average)模型,采用ARMA(2,1)模型将预处理后的MEMS陀螺随机误差进行建模.设计基于ARMA模型的经典Kalman滤波器.静态试验和恒定速率试验结果表明在经典Kalman滤波器作用下,静态试验下其均值与均方差下降32.62%和66.31%;恒定速率试验下,其均值有明显的降低,其均方差减小了一个数量级.针对经典Kalman滤波器不能解决振动试验中大振幅时滤波发散问题,提出一种新的自适应Kalman滤波法,通过寻找合适的标定因子s解决滤波发散问题.振动试验结果表明,当振幅为100°时,滤波后的均值和均方差分别下降8.25%和8.36%.     

基子自适应卡尔曼滤波器的MEMS陀螺零点漂移的研究

随机噪声是影响MEMS陀螺精度的一个重要因素.本文基于时间序列分析方法建立MEMS陀螺的随机漂移AR模型后,使用自适应卡尔曼滤波器对信号进行滤波.通过比较陀螺原始信号和自适应卡尔曼滤波后的信号,可以得出结论:自适应卡尔曼滤波器在处理MEMS陀螺零点漂移中具有良好的滤波效果.     

基于时间序列分析的Kalman滤波方法在MEMS陀螺仪随机漂移误差补偿中的应用研究

从工程实用的角度出发,探讨了MEMS陀螺仪随机漂移误差的有效补偿方法.首先采用时间序列分析的方法建立了MEMS陀螺仪的随机漂移误差模型,然后阐述了用基于时间序列模型的Kalman滤波方法减小该漂移误差的具体方法.对某MEMS陀螺仪实测数据的误差补偿结果表明,所介绍的滤波方法能够有效地抑制其漂移误差,提高MEMS陀螺仪在实际系统中使用精度.     

基于自适应卡尔曼滤波器的MEMS陀螺零点漂移的研究

随机噪声是影响MEMS陀螺精度的一个重要因素。本文基于时间序列分析方法建立MEMS陀螺的随机漂移AR模型后,使用自适应卡尔曼滤波器对信号进行滤波。通过比较陀螺原始信号和自适应卡尔曼滤波后的信号,可以得出结论：自适应卡尔曼滤波器在处理MEMS陀螺零点漂移中具有良好的滤波效果。     

基于小波去噪和AR建模的MEMS陀螺数据处理方法

为解决MEMS陀螺输出信号中噪声大、随机漂移严重的问题,提出了一种基于小波去噪和AR建模的MEMS陀螺组合数据处理方法.采用小波去噪法对MEMS陀螺输出信号去噪,自适应确定小波分解层数,提高了其信噪比.采用AR(autoregressive,自回归)模型对MEMS陀螺的随机漂移进行建模,利用平均均方预测误差确定模型的最佳阶数,并与传统的一阶马尔可夫模型进行了比较.实验结果表明,该组合数据处理方法可有效抑制MEMS陀螺输出噪声,且能更精确地对MEMS陀螺随机漂移进行建模及预测.     

微惯性传感器零点漂移融合滤波算法研究

为提高微惯性传感器的测量精度,提出了基于指数平滑的GM（1,1）改进模型,通过该模型对漂移中的确定性漂移信号进行提取,运用AR（3）模型对提取趋势项后的随机漂移进行了建模分析,并在AR（3）模型基础上进行了Kalman滤波处理,经Allan方差分析表明：经模型补偿后的漂移噪声降低了1-3个数量级,有效减小了零漂信号中的角度随机游走、角速度随机游走、速率斜坡、零偏不稳定性和量化噪声,提高MEMS陀螺零漂输出的稳定性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。