基于FPGA的血管内超声成像系统FIR动态滤波器设计与研究

本文针对血管内超声回波信号频率下移存在干扰和噪声的特点,设计了一种FIR型动态滤波器,采用分布式算法选择有限冲激响应滤波器实现带通滤波,利用MATLAB获取带通滤波器的参数,通过FPGA进行硬件仿真实验,实验结果表明:设计的动态滤波器能够很好的实现带通滤波,消除噪声干扰信号,提高信号处理速度,从而提高超声图像的分辨率,...     

罗兰C前端数字带通滤波器设计与实现

分析了罗兰C信号的特征,并根据信号特征决定选用FIR滤波器,利用MATLAB工具设计了满足滤波要求的高阶数字带通滤波器。详细研究了分布式算法的原理和分布式算法在FPGA上实现FIR数字滤波器的方法。最终采用改进的分布式算法在FPGA上实现了127阶FIR数字带通滤波器。利用实际采集的信号进行仿真和现场测试,结果均显示由该方法设计的滤波器性能良好,方法简单易行,相对于传统的乘累加结构不仅能节省硬件资源,而且可以改善数据处理速度,具有一定的推广价值。     

信号FIR数字滤波后相位延迟的消除

针对信号处理中采用FIR数字滤波器对信号进行滤波后将产生相位延迟的现象,从FIR数字滤波器的相位特性出发,分析并推导了产生这种延迟现象的原因,得到了FIR数字滤波器的阶数和相位延迟的关系。采用基于波形匹配的数据扩展的方法对原始的信号进行端点延拓,再对延拓后的信号进行FIR滤波,可以很好地消除这种相位延迟的现象。Matlab仿真结果证明运用该方法滤波后的信号相位与原始信号相位一致,相位延迟被消除了。通过对信号的Simulink仿真实验及分析,也证实该方法可以有效消除FIR数字滤波器产生的相位延迟。     

基于FPGA与Matlab的数字正交解调器的设计

为有效提取测控系统输入信号的幅度和相位信息,设计了基于FPGA与Matlab的信号数字正交解调器;在Matlab/Simulink 环境中产生一路调幅信号,并在此环境下利用5个直接I型的4阶FIR滤波器节搭建了20阶FIR滤波器;利用FPGA查表法实现数控振荡器(NCO),并控制1路调幅信号与正交的正、余弦信号分别进行数字混频处理;对经FPGA数字混频处理后的两路倍频分量和基频分量信号进行滤波处理,经处理后的信号在FPGA的控制下进行相加处理;最后在硬件平台上进行了仿真测试实验,验证了该方案的正确性和可行性.     

改进的粒子群优化算法设计FIR低通数字滤波器

粒子群优化算法(PSO)因具有参数少、易于实现等优点,在解决优化问题时表现出很好的性能。有限长单位脉冲响应(FIR)数字滤波器因具有稳定的结构、易于实现等优点,在实际中有着很广泛的应用。因此,将基于三角函数因子的改进PSO算法(TFPSO)用于对FIR低通数字滤波器性能的优化,并将其与基于折射原理反向学习(refrPSO)、基于反向学习(OPSO)的PSO算法所设计的FIR低通数字滤波器的性能进行比较。在实验中构造出一种性能较好的适应值函数,以验证这几种改进的PSO算法所设计的FIR低通数字滤波器的性能。实验结果表明,基于三角函数因子的PSO算法滤波性能较差,而基于折射原理反向学习的PSO算法性能最佳。     

一种滤除电力线噪声的数字滤波器的设计

数字滤波是信号处理中滤除噪声干扰的常用方法之一;针对信号通过电力线信道传输后出现严重失真这一问题,基于MATLAB平台的工具箱函数,采用窗函数法(选用哈明窗)设计出一个50阶的数字FIR带通滤波器,借助MATLAB仿真对滤波前后的波形作对比和频谱分析,并通过硬件实现电路测试,结果表明所设计的FIR带通滤波器能够有效地滤除带外信号以及电力线噪声,还原出[0.16,0.24]频带内的有用信号,保证了电力线载波通信的可靠进行。     

FIR数字滤波器软IP的设计与实现

FIR(Finite Impulse Response,有限冲击响应)滤波器是数字通信系统中常用的基本模块之一,而用FPGA IP核实现FIR滤波器具有高集成度、高速度、高可靠性和高移植性的优点,该文描述了FIR数字滤波器软IP的设计、实现的原理与方法,最后在ModelSim中以及Matlab进行了仿真与验证。     

可变带宽的多级滤波器数字下变频设计

介绍了一种基于多级滤波器结构、带宽可变的数字下变频设计。通过对数字下变频结构原理的说明和Matlab仿真验证,得到不同带宽下的FIR滤波器系数组;进一步通过Xilinx的FPGA芯片实现了整个数字下变频结构设计。     

可配置参数FIR数字滤波系统设计

概述了有限冲激响应(FIR)数字滤波器的实现方法,并分析了各种方法的优缺点,设计了一个可调参数的FIR数字滤波系统.此系统由PC机根据各种滤波器指标计算出滤波参数,并对现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)芯片内部的FIR多阶滤波器进行参数配置.配置后的FPGA芯片完成具体的滤波运算,滤波后的数据通过USB2.0总线传输至PC机进行显示、分析和储存等进一步处理.在系统中采用有限状态机对FPGA参数配置模式和滤波模式进行切换,保证了系统的有序运行.通过验证实验和应用实例证明.此系统参数配置方便,滤波效果良好,迭到了设计的目的.     

基于支持向量机的滤波器设计与硬件实现

针对传统有限脉冲响应(FIR)滤波器设计方法和神经网络设计方法的不足,在改进使用支持向量机(SVM)设计FIR滤波器方法的基础上,提出了SVM设计FIR滤波器的硬件实现方法.使用理想滤波器的幅值响应训练SVM,得到训练参数,据此构建基于SVM的FIR滤波器的嵌入式系统.软件实现FIR滤波器的训练部分,硬件实现FIR滤波器的测试部分.单次判定测试向量的时间约为3500 ns,滤波准确率可达到98.41%.设计的滤波器具有良好的幅频特性,边界控制精确,逼近理想滤波器.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.