插入式电磁流量计的研究

研究提高插入式电磁流量计的准确度问题.通过改进流量计内部所插入线圈的物理结构与改进流量计的物理结构来提高测量精度.分别计算出传统流量计与改进后的流量计的磁通密度,并对流场进行数值耦合,获得电极两端的电动势,并与实验数值对比,误差分别为11.3％,4.25％,证明了所用方法的合理性.     

一种用于多电极电磁流量计的速度重构设计

电磁流量计在工农业及民生领域的流量计量中应用广泛,而电磁流量计的准确度主要依靠自身的测量精度而不易受介质影响.使用8电极电磁流量计,旨在从流量计的多电极电势差角度出发提高精度.基于电磁感应原理与权函数理论,提出一种改进的截面划分方法,通过COMSOL Multiphysics进行仿真,得出电极间的电势差.使用吉洪诺夫正...     

双电极对插入式电磁流量计流量测量模型及实验研究

针对插入式电磁流量计安装角度引起的测量误差问题,提出了一种新的同一平面内双电极对布置模式的电磁流量计,建立了新的流量测量模型,在300mm大口径水流量标准装置上对所研制的双电极对插入式电磁流量计进行了特征系数标定和流量测量实验,同时进行了双电极对和单电极对电磁流量计测量误差对比实验。结果表明:双电极对流量计的测量示值误差不大于±1%,测量重复性不大于0.3%。相同安装角度条件下单电极对流量计的测量示值误差和重复性显著高于双电极对流量计的示值误差和重复性,通过理论分析、实验验证及比对测试可以看出,所开发的流量计及测量模型具有较好的理论及实用价值,能够减弱流量计安装角度影响,提升流量计测量的准确性。     

第六届国际流量测量学术会议述评 续完

电磁流量计在这方面比较引人注目的是德国科隆公司Hofmann的论文“采用有整流作用的测量导管的电磁流量计”.主要是在电磁流量计的测量导管的形状和材料方面有重要的改进.改进后,采用近似于文丘利管内型曲面形状的测量导管,这样使入口处发生畸变的速度分布通过这种有整流作用的测量导管的整形达到接近于理想的轴对称的速度分布.由于这项改进,可将速度分布畸变对电磁流量计精确度的影响减小2至10倍.另外,测量导管的材料改用Al_2O_3.陶瓷材料.由于采取上述两项改进措施,可将电磁流量计在困难工作条件下的精确度、线性度和稳定性普遍予以提高.精确度可达0.1%至0.2%.研究结果表明:     

插入式电磁流量计的研制

采用新型电路“调制解调器双二次型滤波器”研制了插入式电磁流量计，详细介绍了电路设计及关键问题的处理方法。实测表明，该插入式电磁流量计的性能指标基本达到了国外同类产品的指标。     

基于示值误差拟合的电磁流量计特征系数计算方法

目前,采用基于绝对误差的拟合方法计算电磁流量计仪表特征系数,会导致电磁流量计在小流速时示值误差较大,降低了准确度等级。为了反映电磁流量计本身固有的准确度等级,提出了基于示值误差的拟合方法计算仪表特征系数,充分考虑小流速点的测量误差,即以示值误差的平方和最小为驱动,使测量流速与标准流速之间的示值误差的平方和为最小。对两台不同口径的电磁流量计进行标定试验,比较两种不同方法计算出的仪表特征系数的测量效果发现,对于相同的标定数据,采用示值误差的拟合方法计算出的仪表特征系数的电磁流量计的测量准确度高于采用绝对误差拟合方法。试验结果表明,采用示值误差的拟合方法计算出的仪表特征系数减小了电磁流量计测量小流速时的示值误差,在电磁流量计的量程下限依然可以保持较高的测量准确度,能真实地反映仪表最佳的准确度等级。     

污水流量计

介绍两种适用于污水流量测量的插入式电磁流量计和非满管明渠电磁流量计。该流量计不仅可以不中断管流运行而能方便地拆装,还可以靠近弯头和阀门安装使用,并具有价格便宜、精确度较高等优点。     

非均匀磁场电磁流量计磁场的计算与分析

在非均匀磁场电磁流量计原理的基础上,利用matlab解出了励磁线圈的截面形状,并通过ANSYS对励磁线圈的磁场进行仿真,结果表明所求解的励磁线圈所产生的磁场符合非均匀电磁流量计的要求。     

用于单点和多点测量的插入式气体质量流量计

Sierra仪表公司最近生产一种气体质量流量计。该流量计采用不锈钢插入式探头,并且带有316个不锈钢敏感元件,探头可以直接地插入管道里。Aceu—FlO型单点探头的外径是0.75英寸,其长度为3～72英寸。Accu—Rag型多点探头最多有5个测量点,搁板的外径为1英。其长度为3～72英寸,这种气体质量流量计的输出为0～5V电压,4～20mA电流,RS232或RS422的输出信号与测量气体的平均质量流量成线性关系。     

电磁流量计示值误差校准不确定度评定

针对目前电磁流量计在出厂时只标注有允许误差或准确度等级,其不确定度未予表述这一现状,依据<电磁流量计检定规程>JJG 1033-2007,进行水流量标准装置实流校验试验.分别介绍了评定的测量依据、环境条件、测量标准、被测对象、测量过程以及评定结果的使用.示值误差校准不确定度分析评定表明,该标定装置的不确定度对于电磁流量计的测量非常重要.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。