食品新技术安全风险产生的背景与解决的主要路径研究

食品新技术安全风险产生的背景极为复杂,环境的变化与实践的需求催生了食品新技术的形成与发展,技术的局限与制度的缺失隐含了食品新技术的安全风险,而道德失范扩大了食品新技术的安全风险.在技术、法律、管理、社会等多层面上形成有效的组合措施与治理方式,是有效降低和解决食品新技术安全风险的主要路径.     

城乡居民收入与食品消费相得益彰

<正> 根据国家统计局对城镇居民和农村居民家庭收支抽样调查资料显示,1998年与1997年相比,城镇居民人均食品消费支出减少15.7元,下降0.81％,在总消费支出中所占份额由46.41％下降到44.48％;农村居民人均食品消费支出减少40.64元,下降4.56％,在总生活消费性支出中所占份额由55.05％下降到53.43％。     

食品安全与系统食品安全观探讨

系统食品安全观是包括食品生产安全现、食品流通安全观、食品消费安全观在内的一种系统食品安全意识和观念.树立系统的食品安全观是落实科学发展观、构建和谐社会的需要;是保证国民经济健康发展的需要;是人民生活水平提高的需要;是避免或者减少食品安全事件的发生,从根本上解决食品安全问题的需要.     

食品安全现状及食品安全检测技术应用浅析

介绍了食品安全检测技术的研究现状和危险性分析在食品安全领域的应用现况,并对保证我国食品安全提出了建议。     

食品安全治理的国外研究新进展及对我国的启示

食品安全已成为一个全球性的民生难题,近几年国外学者对食品安全治理问题做了大量创新性研究.本文对这些国外研究新进展从食品安全的治理环境、治理模式、治理机制和治理工具四个维度进行了综述梳理,最后从治理模式转型、多重消费者理性调研、国家食品安全信息平台建设等方面为我国食品安全治理提出了借鉴与改进建议.     

Questions safety and tendency of using genetically modified microorganisms in food, food additives and food derived

In this article analysis questions of using genetically modified microorganisms in manufacture food production, present new GMM used in manufacture -food ferments; results of medical biological appraisal/ microbiological and genetic expert examination/ of food, getting by use microorganisms or there producents with indication modern of control methods.     

国内外食品安全评价综述

就国内外食品安全评价涉及的领域和评价方法进行了阐释和说明，并指出未来食品安全评价的走向。     

百家争鸣:为食品安全出谋划策

<正> 备受瞩目的2009国际食品安全圆桌会议于2009年4月27日至28日在北京顺利举行。来自全球农业及食品业界的领导、专家、企业界人士经过为期两天的深入交流和探讨,为应对全球性的食品安全问题出谋划策,并在会议期间达成协议,即在全球范围内共同推动食品安全领域更为广泛的行业协调与合作。与会的全球业界人士发起成立全球食品安全指导委员会,并约定定期举办全球食品安全论坛(Global Food Security Forum,GFSF),是这一协议的重要成果。这也是全球首个关注食品安全领域的最新发展、整合各国资源的交流平台。     

国内外食品安全评价综述

就国内外食品安全评价涉及的领域和评价方法进行了阐释和说明,并指出未来食品安全评价的走向。     

食品安全体系现状与发展趋势

完整的食品安全体系包括8个方面,即法律法规体系,标准体系、认证认可体系、监管体系、监测体系、信息交流体系、应急反应体系,科技支撑体系。这8个体系涉及到食品安全的方方面面,构成了完整的食品安全体系。现对这8个方面的现状和发展作一综述。     

Microbiological, epidemiological, and food safety aspects of Enterobacter sakazakii

Enterobacter sakazakii is considered to be an opportunistic pathogen and has been implicated in foodborne diseases causing meningitis or enteritis, especially in neonates and infants. The U.S FoodNet 2002 survey rate of invasive infections with this organism in infants under 1 year of age was 1 per 100,000 infants. Severity of the disease is a matter of concern. In a recent study on the occurrence of E. sakazakii in production environments from food (milk powder, chocolate, cereal, potato, and pasta) factories and households, this organism was isolated with varying frequency from nearly all environments examined, strongly indicating that it is widespread. Stationary phase E. sakazakii cells are remarkably resistant to osmotic and drying stresses compared with other species of the Enterobacteriacae. In this article, we review the literature on this organism with special respect to the information relevant for food safety.     

A semiquantitative approach for evaluating safety assurance levels for Salmonella spp. throughout a food production chain

Various safety assurance measures are implemented in Switzerland throughout the food production chain to prevent foods of animal origin from being contaminated with Salmonella. The data that are generated from the implementation of these measures are dispersed and heterogeneous. This hinders a general overview and makes a comprehensive national evaluation of the safety assurance level difficult. A semiquantitative method that considers the quality and relevance of the various safety assurance measures for Salmonella spp. was developed. The method uses the data generated from the implementation of safety assurance measures on a national basis (gathered by interviewing stakeholders in the production step). By assembling and analyzing the data systematically, the safety assurance level for Salmonella spp. can be evaluated at every step of the food production chain. This method allows the detection of strengths and weaknesses of the safety system. The systematic evaluation procedures permit comparisons between production steps and product categories. The method was used for evaluating the safety assurance levels throughout the production chain of eggs and egg products in Switzerland. Results of the analysis showed that the overall safety assurance levels for Salmonella spp. at all production steps for eggs and egg products were good. The relatively straightforward implementation of the method made it particularly appropriate in the context of a preliminary evaluation. The method does not have the same high level of detail that is provided by microbial quantitative risk assessments, but it allows an analyst to provide meaningful results when the large amount of data required for a quantitative approach are not present while including the entire "farm to fork" continuum. It may be used as a basis for more in-depth assessments of food safety levels within various production sectors. The method could be adapted for evaluating the safety assurance for other zoonotic foodborne pathogens of interest, such as Campylobacter spp.     

进出口食品安全问题、趋势及改善初探

随着经济全球化的发展,在国际贸易中进出口食品安全的问题越来越凸显。分析了近8年来我国食品进出口情况的有关资料,同时对进出口食品所存在的主要问题进行了研究,另外食品安全突发事件带来的一系列影响和对进出口食品安全监管模式进行探讨,据此初步提出了进出口食品安全问题的改善措施。     

食品辐照对食品品质的影响及其安全性

简要综述食品辐照对食品营养品质的影响。低剂量辐照食品对食品糖粉、蛋白质、脂肪和维生素没有影响,适当的剂量辐照食品可以降解食品中农药残留,减轻食品过敏,杀死有害微生物,提高食品品质。因此辐照食品也是安全的。     

农业产业化与食物安全

1992年我国开始提出农业产业化概念,随后又提出发展“两高一优”农业,经过10多年探索,已进一步认识到农业产业化在解决粮食和食物安全以及“三农”问题上的重要意义。一、农业产业化的形成和目标西方国家的农业已经实现了各种形式的产业化经营,而我国的农业产业化程度较低。这不仅体现在覆盖的农民和土地范围小,加工销售能力低,加工销售企业实力弱,而且还体现在农业生产的实体与加工销售实体之间的结合程度低,多以订单或者销售合同的形式联系。在我国的信用体系还没有完善以前,一旦市场形势发生变化,毁约情况严重使我国农业产业化的发展受到…     

现场快速检测在食品安全见监督中的应用及展望

随着人民生活水平的提高,人们对食品的安全问题越发重视.食品安全是关系到人民生命安全的重大问题,在所采取的保障食品安全的诸多措施中,食品安全"现场快速检测"由于其快速、准确、方便、节约等特点,越来越受到监督管理部门的青睐,特别在大型活动安全保障、食品安全现场检查中尤为突出.本文主要介绍了现场快速检测的特点、国内外应用情况、技术支撑及其在安全监督中的应用前景.     

Ion mobility spectrometry for food quality and safety.

Ion mobility spectrometry is known to be a fast and sensitive technique for the detection of trace substances, and it is increasingly in demand not only for protection against explosives and chemical warfare agents, but also for new applications in medical diagnosis or process control. Generally, a gas phase sample is ionized by help of ultraviolet light, ss-radiation or partial discharges. The ions move in a weak electrical field towards a detector. During their drift they collide with a drift gas flowing in the opposite direction and, therefore, are slowed down depending on their size, shape and charge. As a result, different ions reach the detector at different drift times, which are characteristic for the ions considered. The number of ions reaching the detector are a measure of the concentration of the analyte. The method enables the identification and quantification of analytes with high sensitivity (ng l(-1) range). The selectivity can even be increased - as necessary for the analyses of complex mixtures - using pre-separation techniques such as gas chromatography or multi-capillary columns. No pre-concentration of the sample is necessary. Those characteristics of the method are preserved even in air with up to a 100% relative humidity rate. The suitability of the method for application in the field of food quality and safety - including storage, process and quality control as well as the characterization of food stuffs - was investigated in recent years for a number of representative examples, which are summarized in the following, including new studies as well: (1) the detection of metabolites from bacteria for the identification and control of their growth; (2) process control in food production - beer fermentation being an example; (3) the detection of the metabolites of mould for process control during cheese production, for quality control of raw materials or for the control of storage conditions; (4) the quality control of packaging materials during the production of polymeric materials; and (5) the characterization of products - wine being an example. The challenges of such applications were operation in humid air, fast on-line analyses of complex mixtures, high sensitivity - detection limits have to be, for example, in the range of the odour limits - and, in some cases, the necessity of mobile instrumentation. It can be shown that ion mobility spectrometry is optimally capable of fulfilling those challenges for many applications.