河南卢氏花岗伟晶岩的矿物学特征及综合利用

对河南卢氏花岗伟晶岩的矿物学特征进行研究,开发"重选-正反浮选"联合工艺回收锂电气石和云母新技术,采用光学显微镜(OM)、XRD、SEM及EDS对原矿和精矿形貌及矿物组成进行表征,并对原矿、精矿及尾矿中元素含量进行分析。结果表明:花岗伟晶岩主要矿物组成为锂电气石、石英、钠长石、白云母和锂云母;当磨矿粒度小于74μm的矿石含量为40%时,采用"重选-浮选"新技术可获得锂电气石品位为98.31%、回收率为82.19%的锂电气石精矿和云母品位为98.94%、回收率为93.95%的云母精矿;锂电气石化学式为Na(Li,Al2)Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)x(x=4或5),结晶度为95.94%。     

废旧锂离子电池火法冶炼富锰渣中锰和锂的提取（英文）

开展富锰渣硫酸化焙烧-水浸选择性提取锰和锂的试验,采用XRD、TG-DSC和SEM-EDS详细分析锰和锂的提取机理。结果表明,在酸浓度为82%(质量分数)、酸矿质量比1.5:1、焙烧温度800℃和焙烧时间2 h时,Mn和Li的浸出率分别达到73.71%和73.28%。焙烧过程中,富锰渣首先与浓硫酸反应形成Mn SO₄、MnSO₄·H₂O、Li₂Mg(SO₄)₂、Al₂(SO₄)₃和H₄SiO₄。随着焙烧温度的升高,H₄SiO₄和Al₂(SO₄)₃依次分解,并形成莫来石和尖晶石相。莫来石的形成有利于降低Al和Si的浸出率而增加Li的浸出率;而尖晶石的形成则会降低Mn和Li的浸出率。     

高铁铝土矿与硫酸氢铵混合焙烧工艺

针对传统处理高铁铝土矿能耗高、金属提取率低等缺点,提出硫酸氢铵焙烧工艺。在分析广西高铁铝土矿热分解过程的基础上,研究硫酸氢铵加入量、焙烧温度和焙烧时间等工艺参数,采用XRD对反应产物物相进行表征。结果表明:在硫酸氢铵与铝土矿质量比为3.5:1、焙烧温度为450℃、焙烧时间60 min的条件下,铝和铁的提取率分别为93%和95%以上;铝反应的产物为NH4Al(SO4)2,铁反应的中间产物为(NH4)3Fe(SO4)3,最终产物为NH4Fe(SO4)2。该工艺具有焙烧温度低、金属提取率高等特点,对广西高铁铝土矿的开发利用具有重要意义。     

氯化焙烧法从难选含碳金矿中同时提取金和锌（英文）

提出一种以Na Cl为氯化剂、采用氯化焙烧法从难选含碳质金矿中同时回收金和锌的新工艺。研究焙烧温度、焙烧时间和Na Cl含量对金、锌挥发率的影响。采用SEM、EDS和XRD对反应机理和相变过程进行分析。结果表明,在10%Na Cl、焙烧温度为800°C、焙烧时间为4 h、气流速度为1 L/min的最佳条件下,金、锌的挥发率分别为92%和92.56%。在低温氯化焙烧阶段,一定的硫含量有利于金、锌的氯化反应;在高温氯化焙烧阶段,含钒云母的晶体结构被破坏,含钒氧化物有利于金、锌的氯化挥发。最后,金、锌的氯化挥发物可被碱性溶液回收。     

含Co、Ni、Fe锂铝硅玻璃的析晶机制

以Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2（锂铝硅）微晶玻璃为研究对象,采用DTA、XRD、IR和SEM等测试技术研究含Fe2O3、Co2O3、Ni2O3锂铝硅玻璃的析晶动力学和晶化过程,分析着色剂成分Co2O3、Ni2O3对锂铝硅玻璃晶化过程及结构的影响机制。结果表明：着色剂成分不仅决定锂铝硅微晶玻璃的着色度,而且还影响锂铝硅玻璃的析晶过程和显微结构;着色剂的加入可提高锂铝硅玻璃的析晶温度,但降低析晶动力学参数,且高Co2O3含量的降幅大于高Ni2O3含量的。着色剂对锂铝硅玻璃析晶能力的影响主要与着色离子的离子半径、电场强度及对断裂硅氧四面体联结能力有关。     

建平膨润土锂化研究

对提纯后的建平天然膨润土进行锂化改型.探索了Li2CO3与H2C2O4的比值、反应时间、pH值、反应温度、矿浆浓度对锂化效果的影响.用锂化土的膨胀容、胶质价和X射线衍射图谱对锂化效果进行检验.结果表明,最佳的锂化工艺为:溶液体系pH值在7～8,m(Li2CO3)∶m(H2C2O4)=0.8,反应时间为1.5 h,反应温度为80℃,矿浆浓度为3％.制备的锂基膨润土的悬浮性有了很大的提高.     

粉煤灰“一步酸溶法”蒸发母液焙烧渣中锂的水浸特性

粉煤灰“一步酸溶法”提取氧化铝工艺过程中,蒸发结晶工序析出氯化铝晶体后,蒸发母液中锂的含量高达329 mg/L以上,且经过处理后可进一步浓缩,富集达到2.2 g/L,具有很高的提取价值。研究发现蒸发母液通过焙烧浸出可实现锂的浸出率>80%,而主要元素铝的浸出率非常低,从而将锂和铝分离,最终实现锂的提取。文章分别考察了蒸发母液焙烧渣中的锂在不同条件下的浸出特性,研究结果表明,当焙烧温度400℃、焙烧时间20 min时,使用纯水在浸出温度为80℃、浸出时间2.5 h、液固比为9∶1条件下,锂的浸出率可达到85%,而铝的浸出率近似为0。     

硫酸介质中锂云母分解反应动力学

以四川某地锂云母矿石经选矿预处理所得锂云母精矿为原料,研究在硫酸介质中锂云母的分解反应过程。结果表明:在硫酸浓度为4.2 mol/L、硫酸与锂云母液固质量比为3:1、温度为433 K、转速为30 r/min条件下反应4 h,Li2O的溶出率达96%。反应动力学实验结果表明:锂云母酸解反应属于固膜扩散控制,分解过程符合液-固单颗粒反应模型中的缩芯模型;反应的表观活化能为Ea为28.3 k J/mol,阿伦尼乌斯常数k0为2.608,反应级数n为0.998。     

重固溶-不同温度T8再时效2195铝锂合金的力学性能与显微组织演化

以5.2 mm厚度2195-T8铝锂合金为对象,进行重固溶、4.5%预变形后不同温度(145C~160℃)的T8再时效处理,研究其力学性能与晶内显微组织演化。结果表明:重固溶处理后的晶粒形态与原始2195-T8态晶粒形态一样,仍然保持为拉长的带状晶粒组织。重固溶并经4.5%预变形后,再采用适当的温度和时间进行T8时效处理,2195铝锂合金可以回复到原始T8态的显微组织和力学性能,即2195铝锂合金采用重固溶-T8再时效处理不会明显损害其力学性能。2195铝锂合金的晶内时效析出相包括T1相(Al2Cu Li)、δ′相(Al3Li)、θ′相(Al2Cu)及θ″相(Al2Cu),其中优先析出相为T1相;较低温度及较短时间时效可形成较多δ′相和θ″相;随着时效时间延长,T1相生长,θ″相转化为θ′相并减少,δ′相消失;时效温度提高可促进该转变过程,加快铝锂合金的时效响应速度。     

采用热解浮选回收废旧锂离子电池中磷酸铁锂

随着全球磷酸铁锂电池退役量的增加，废旧磷酸铁锂电池电极材料的高效分离与回收利用技术亟待突破。本研究采用热解工艺去除废旧锂离子电池中磷酸铁锂颗粒表面的有机黏结剂，通过改变其表面润湿性，以实现正负极颗粒的高效浮选分离。借助XRD、XPS、SEM-EDS、TEM等手段，系统研究热解对电极材料表面元素含量、化学态变化、形貌、物相和粒径的影响，揭示热解对电极材料表面改性的机理。结果表明：随着热解温度的升高，磷酸铁锂暴露出大量亲水性表面；随着热解时间的延长，磷酸铁锂的亲水性先增加后降低。当热解温度为500℃时，聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)中的—(CH₂CF₂)_n—完全断裂，热解产物单分子氟化物继续分解，留下热解碳。磷酸铁锂物相和粒径在热解过程中基本保持不变。对最佳热解条件下(600℃、30 min)得到的热解产物进行浮选分离，精矿中磷酸铁锂品位为87.88%，回收率为95.17%。以回收的磷酸铁锂精矿作为正极材料制备电池，其在0.2C充放电倍率下的放电比容量为133.65 mA·h/g。     

Simultaneous extraction of gold and zinc from refractory carbonaceous gold ore by chlorination roasting process

A novel process based on chlorination roasting was proposed to simultaneously recover gold and zinc from refractory carbonaceous gold ore by using NaCl as chlorination agent. The effects of roasting temperature, roasting time and NaCl content on the volatilization rates of gold and zinc were investigated. The reaction mechanism and the phase transition process were also analyzed by means of SEM, EDS and XRD. The results demonstrated that under the optimal conditions of NaCl content of 10%, roasting temperature of 800 °C, roasting time of 4 h and gas flow rate of 1 L/min, the rates of gold and zinc were 92% and 92.56%, respectively. During low-temperature chlorination roasting stage, a certain content of sulfur was beneficial to the chlorination reactions of gold and zinc; and during high-temperature chlorination roasting stage, the crystal structure of vanadium-bearing mica was destroyed, and the vanadium-containing oxides were beneficial to the chlorinating volatilization of gold and zinc. Eventually, the chlorinated volatiles of gold and zinc could be recovered by alkaline solution.     

Kinetics of recovering germanium from lignite ash with chlorinating roasting methods

A process of recovering Ge by chlorinating masting was put forward. GeCl4 was separated and recovered from lignite ash because of its low boiling point. Kinetic analysis indicates that the chlorinating roasting process fits with the unreacted-core shrinking model and the reaction rate equation corresponds to 1 - 2a/3 - （1 - a）2/3 = kt. The apparent activation energy Ea is calculated to be 22.36 kJ·mol^-1. The diffusion of product layer serves as the rate-controlling step in this process. When the roasting temperature is 250℃, the roasting time is 60 min, the con- centration of hydrochloric acid is 10 mol/L, and the ratio of liquid to solid is 10 （mHCl/ash = 10）, and 90% Ge in lignite ash can be recovered.     

Extraction of Rare Earth from Black Weathering Mud

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钛铁混合氧化物短流程直接制备钛铁合金

利用固体透氧膜(SOM)法研究钛铁混合氧化物短流程直接制备钛铁合金。在熔融CaCl2熔盐体系中,以二氧化钛和氧化铁的混合氧化物压片为阴极,氧化钇稳定氧化锆管(YSZ)内的碳饱和铜液为阳极, 在1100 ℃,槽电压3.5 V的条件下电解2~6 h。经SEM、EDS、XRD等分析表明：二氧化钛和氧化铁被电解还原为钛铁合金,直接从氧化物制备钛铁合金是可行且高效的     

Modified calcination conditions of rare alkali metal Rb-containing muscovite(KAl2[AlSi3O10]（OH）2)

Muscovite mineral was roasted in different conditions.Rubidium leaching rate was a standard to examine the impact of various factors on calcination effect,including the agent types,roasting time,mass ratio,and roasting temperature.The results indicate that the best agent is the combination of sodium chloride and calcium chloride,and its mass ratio of muscovite/NaCl/CaCl2is1.00:0.25:0.25.Calcined at 850℃ for 30 min,the rubidium leaching rate is up to 90.12%.The reaction of muscovite ore with the chlorinating agent CaCl2was studied by TG/DSC,and the surface morphology before and after leaching was characterized by SEM.Rubidium chloride products can be obtained using t-BAMBP extraction,hydrochloric acid re-extraction,and purification.     

钨渣回收制备四氧化三锰新工艺

研究从钨渣中回收锰的新工艺,通过钨渣的低温硫酸化焙烧、烧结块浸出、浸出液除杂、溶液中水解沉锰及氢氧化锰氧化获得Mn3O4粉末,采用SEM和XRD对产品粉末进行分析。结果表明:在浓硫酸过量150%、焙烧时间90 min、浸出温度98℃、浸出时间120 min的条件下,Mn浸出率达到88.9%。浸出液可以通过硫化物沉淀除重金属、硫酸复盐沉淀法深度净化除杂、中和水解除Fe,水解沉锰也有一定的净化作用,溶液pH值为6.56时,除铁率达到99.91%。净化液经水解沉锰后采用10%H2O2氧化,在氢氧化锰氧化过程中,溶液pH值对产物物相的影响较大;溶液pH值为8时在50℃沉锰,并以过量150%的H2O2氧化反应20min,获得粒度小于0.1μm的Mn3O4粉末。     

Separation of Sc2O3 from Bayan Obo tailings through an innovative roasting method

Sc2O3 was successfully extracted and separated from Bayan Obo tailings by a CaCl2-reductive carbon powder-combinative roasting method.The optimum pro-cess condi...     

A novel process of extraction and separation of RE and Mn from Panxi rare earth mud

A novel process to extract and separate rare earth (RE) and manganese (Mn) from Panxi rare earth mud was devdoped. The process involves roasting the mud at 480℃ with NH4Cl as chlorinating agent, and leaching the calcine with hot water to obtain a rare earth chloride solution. After the solution was further purified, HD(DIBM)P (P507) was applied as extractant to separate RE and Mn. By seven stages of fractional extraction, the RECl3 and MnCl2 solutionswith 99.8% purity were obtained. Finally, the purified RECI3 and MnClz solution were precipitated by NH4HCO3 to obtain a crystal RE2(CO3)3 and MnCO3 products respectively.     

铝型材表面处理废水碱渣微观分析与制备活性氧化铝的研究

采用铝型材厂表面处理废水碱渣制备了活性氧化铝。用EDX、XRD对碱渣原料成分与结构进行了分析,用TG-DSC对碱渣的脱水过程进行了研究,用激光粒度仪研究了球磨时间对碱渣粒径的影响。提出了直接煅烧法制备活性氧化铝工艺,采用氮吸附法初步研究了各试样的比表面积。碱渣在经过30 min球磨、500℃煅烧、2 h保温的工艺处理。利用废渣制备的氧化铝其比表面达到230 cm2/g,XRD表明所得氧化铝为结晶不完整的γ-Al2O3。