静电放电模拟器的校准

本文介绍了用于GB/T 17626.2-1998中静电放电试验的静电放电模拟器工作原理和使用方法,对校准静电放电模拟器测量系统作了详细说明,并给出了用校准系统测量静电放电模拟器的测量数据.     

新版静电标准对静电放电模拟器的影响

该文依据IEC61000-4—2第2版标准,阐述了新版的静电标准对静电放电模拟器的影响,以及这种静电放电模拟器相应的校准方法。     

静电放电模拟器校准技术的研究

静电放电模拟器是测试产品防静电性能的主要设备，目前国内还没有较成熟的校准方法和装置，本文在简要介绍静电放电模拟器工作原理的基础上，提出了校准方法并建立了校准装置，可解决静电放电模拟器的溯源问题。     

静电放电模拟器校准系统不确定度分析

文中根据静电放电模拟器的特点和GB／T17626.2-1998《静电放电抗扰度试验》对静电放电模拟器的技术要求,提出了对于静电放电模拟器校准方法的不确定度分析。     

电流探头在静电放电模拟器期间核查中的应用

以F-65A型电流探头为例,采用辐射法和传导法,研究该探头在静电放电模拟器期间核查中的应用,将F-65A型电流探头与静电放电靶进行比对试验。试验结果验证了F-65A型电流探头作为电流传感器测量静电放电电流波形参数的可行性。     

一种验证ESD发生器放电电流性能的简易方法

针对GB/T 17626.2-2018静电发生器放电电流的校验,提出了一种简易的校验方法.该方法用实验室一般常用的设备即可进行,避免了实验室必须具有电流靶、电流靶适配器才能开展校验的情况.该方法用定向耦合器替代电流靶,实现了为静电发生器加载和放电电流信号取样的功能.用此方法,可以测量放电电流峰值、30 ns处放电电流幅值、60 ns处放电电流幅值、放电电流脉冲的上升时间和下降时间,实现对静电放电发生器放电电流性能的校验.该方法简单易行,随时可以进行.     

IEC 61000-4-2存在问题分析

IEC 61000-4-2规定了静电放电抗扰度试验方法,在实际测试中发现该标准存在两个主要问题,使用不同模拟器对同一产品测试会得到不一致的测试结果,而放电次数偏少使得该标准对数字电路测试的测试结果重复性较差.建议详细规定模拟器放电电流波形参数并增加放电次数.     

静电放电模拟器电路建模分析

从实际的静电放电模拟器结构出发,根据接触放电时静电放电电流的主要特征,考虑到静电模拟器本身、连接线及回路电缆与地平面间产生的分布参数的影响,建立了一个新的静电放电模拟器等效电路模型,并用PSPICE软件对等效电路进行模拟分析,得到了与实测波形基本一致的电流波形.利用该模型讨论了各分布参数对放电电流的影响.结果表明:模拟器体电阻与地间的电感对电流波形影响不大,因此可以忽略,但其与地之间的分布电容对电流波形的低频段有重要影响;连接线分布参数对电流波形的第一峰值及波形光滑度都有影响;回路电缆分布参数主要影响了电流波形中第二个波峰峰值及其位置.     

静电放电电磁脉冲均匀辐射场模拟

为了研究静电放电电磁脉冲（ESDEMP）的特性,利用传统的静电放电电磁脉冲产生方法,通过静电放电模拟器在静电放电抗扰度试验平台上放电,产生了静电放电电磁脉冲,并测出了静电放电电磁脉冲的时域波形和频谱。在研究电磁脉冲模拟器的基础上,首次通过ESD模拟器和GTEM室的结合,在GTEM室内产生了均匀的、重复性和线性好的ESDEMP。实验表明,用TEMP室、GTEM室等大型装置产生均匀静电放电电磁脉冲辐射场的方案是可行的。     

ESD发生器开路电压和电流波形校准方法探讨

许多标准对系统级静电放电发生器的静电放电电流波形的校准设备和方法都有详细的要求,使得静电放电电流波形的校准有据可依,但国内外新老标准的要求不同,也会产生较大的误差。对于静电放电发生器的＂开路电压＂,所有标准中都有准确度的要求,但没有对设备和方法进行规定。而不同的校准方法,其测试结果的偏差很大。系统地分析了静电放电发生器＂开路电压＂和放电电流波形的校准方法。     

焦距固定红外探测系统定标实验

辐射定标数据在目标辐射特性数据测量和仿真试验应用中均有重要作用。首先对焦距固定红外探测系统外场定标方法进行了初步分析。采用近距离直接扩展源法、远距离扩展面源法和平行光管定标法对焦距固定红外探测系统进行了定标实验研究。实验发现:近距离直接扩展源法对旋转的红外探测系统不适用;远距离扩展面源法对路径辐射、路径透过率和环境辐射修正较为困难;平行光管定标法操作较为麻烦,但考虑目标特性数据的有效性和实用性,需考虑平行光管定标。文中对焦距固定红外探测系统辐射外场定标技术改造研究、红外目标特性测量系统研制具有较大的参考意义。     

Polarimetric calibration of SIR-C using point and distributedtargets

In preparation for the Shuttle Imaging Radar-C/XSAR (SIR-C/XSAR) flights, the University of Michigan has been involved in the development of calibration procedures and precision calibration devices to quantify the complex radar images with an accuracy of 0.5 dB in magnitude and 5 degrees in phase. In this paper, the preliminary results of the SIR-C calibration and a summary of the University of Michigan's activity in the Raco calibration super-site is presented. In this calibration campaign an array of point calibration targets including trihedral corner reflectors and polarimetric active radar calibrators (PARCs) in addition to a uniform distributed target were used for characterizing the radiometric calibration constant and the distortion parameters of the C-band SAR. Two different calibration methods, one based on the application of point targets and the other based on the application of the distributed target, are used to calibrate the SIR-C data and the results are compared with calibrated images provided by JPL. The distributed target used in this experiment was a field of grass, sometimes covered with snow, whose differential Mueller matrix was measured immediately after the SIR-C overpass using The University of Michigan polarimetric scatterometer systems. The scatterometers were calibrated against a precision metallic sphere and measured 100 independent spatial samples for characterizing the differential Mueller matrix of the distributed target to achieve the desired calibration accuracy. The L-band SAR has not yet been adequately calibrated for inclusion here     

基于自适应学习的多传感器融合时间管理

由于多传感器测量不同步,需要将各传感器时间校准到融合时间;以往采用的时间管理方法应用条件有限,且带入了较大的校准误差;为了减小校准误差,在内插和外推预测算法的基础上,引入自适应学习控制算子,利用学习算子的适应性能力调节估计参数;并利用时间序列预报,将内插和外推两个相反方向的估计值进行加权,进一步减小校准误差.最后以目标位置测量为例,对该方法进行仿真验证.     

基于同心圆光栅和契形光栅的摄像机自标定方法

提出一种利用同心圆光栅和契形光栅作为标定模板,基于正交方向消失点摄像机自标定的新方法。新方法利用相移条纹相位提取精度高的特性来求零相位特征点,避免了传统标记点提取误差给标定结果带来的影响。要求摄像机至少从6个方位拍摄标靶,采用四步相移得到光栅的截断相位并求解零相位交点,计算消失点从而解算出摄像机的内参数。根据模拟实验得到影响消失点标定精度因素的分析结果,制作了含有7个周期的同心圆光栅和4个周期的契形光栅。实际测量实验中分别用光栅靶标和灰度同心圆靶标进行相机标定,对比重投影误差,结果证明新方法提高了基于消失点标定算法的精度和稳健性。     

辐射测量设备响应率和线性率标定方法研究

将目标特性测量简化为点目标辐射强度和面目标辐射亮度测量.根据标定与测量一致性要求,将设备响应率和线性率标定分为点目标辐射强度和面目标辐射亮度的标定,对标定方法、条件、注意事项和标定不确定度进行了分析,并对设备噪声等效辐射量的含意及标定方法进行了论述.     

Infrared radiation measurement of the aerial target based on temperature calibration and target images

Inthe last several decades ,a lot of theoretical studiesoninfrared radiation measurement of aerial targets hadbeen carried out .Undoubtedly,the measurement meansby theory modeling according to the thermal radiationlawplay ani mportant rolein many cases .H…     

Multi-camera systems

In this article, we present some simple and effective techniques for accurately calibrating a multi-camera acquisition system. The proposed methods were proven to be capable of accurate results even when using very simple calibration target sets and low-cost imaging devices, such as standard TV-resolution cameras connected to commercial frame-grabbers. In fact, the performance of our calibration approach yielded results that were about the same as that of other traditional calibration methods based on large 3D target sets. The proposed calibration strategy is based on a multi-view multi-camera approach. This was based on the analysis of a number of views of a simple calibration target-set placed in different (unknown) positions. Furthermore, the method is based on a self-calibration approach, which can refine the a priori knowledge of the world coordinates of the targets (even when such information is very poor) while estimating the parameters of the camera model. Finally we proposed a method, to make the calibration technique adaptive through the analysis of natural scene features, allowing the camera parameters to hold accurate throughout the acquisition session in the presence of parameter drift     

Orientation angle preserving a posteriori polarimetric SAR calibration

Fully polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data analysis has found wide application for terrain classification, land-use, soil moisture, and ground cover classification. Critical to all analyses and applications is accurate calibration of the relative amplitudes of and phases between the various polarimetric channels. Here we propose an a posteriori method imposing only the weakest of constraints, scattering reciprocity, on the polarimetric data. Calibration parameters are self-consistently estimated from full 4/spl times/4 polarimetric covariance matrices. Whilst the complete set of calibration parameters is underdetermined, we give several reasonable heuristic methods to provide a complete calibration. Stronger constraints reduce the number of independent parameters and provide an overdetermined set of equations but at a cost - the loss of polarimetric fidelity when the underlying assumptions are violated. Without recourse to in situ calibration targets, the extent of the polarimetric distortion that results from polarimetric calibration remains unknown. We apply our new method to simulated data, anechoic chamber data and polarimetric SAR imagery. We also present comparisons with alternate calibration methods and different approximate solutions of the new technique.     

全极化雷达极化标校技术研究

受各种非理想因素的影响,极化测量雷达难以直接测得目标准确的极化散射矩阵（polarization scattering matrix,PSM）,因此,高精度极化标定是准确获取和利用目标极化信息的基础.本文从极化标校的基本原理出发,建立了PSM测量的误差模型,分析了主要误差因素对PSM测量结果的影响,阐述了无源和有源极化标定方法并对其性能和适用场景进行比较,分析了极化标校器的参数对极化标校精度的影响.分析结果表明,目标的交叉极化分量与极化测量雷达系统的极化隔离度处在相同水平时,目标的交叉极化分量测量结果会明显偏离其真值,通过极化隔离度优于测量系统隔离度无源或有源极化定标体对系统进行标校可以减小系统极化隔离度带来的测量误差.本文工作为极化定标体的研制和全极化测量雷达的系统标校奠定了基础.     

加工中心工件在机三维检测系统的光平面标定

为了满足加工中心在机检测的实时性需求,实现高效率、低成本、高精度地标定线结构光传感器,提出了一种基于同心圆平面靶标标定线结构光平面参数的新方法。该方法将三点透视模型和交比不变原理相结合,在线结构光传感器的视觉范围内通过移动同心圆平面靶标,计算得到光平面上多组标定点的三维坐标,进而使用最小二乘算法确定光平面方程,通过标定和检测实验分析并验证了该方法的有效性。该方法具有标定算法简单且操作灵活方便等优点,适合加工检测等领域的现场标定。