科学技术与人文的分裂与整合

科学技术与人文在历史上存在着分裂的状况,又具有内在的统一性,能够实现整合。科技与人文的整合,是一个互相渗透、互相融合的过程。科学与人文之间可以在观念上相互启发、方法上互为应用、学科上互相建构、精神上互为融通。     

Network management and control systems and strategic issues

The development of a network management strategy and a network control system for the large integrated telecommunications network (ITN) at American Express Travel Related Services Company is discussed. Network control relates to operational activities such as the diagnostics, configuration, monitoring, and performance of networks, and network management relates to all of the functions performed to manage network resources. An architecture that addresses both control and management requirements is described. Network control functions are consolidated so that operations have a single interface to the system and can operate dissimilar systems from a single workstation. NETVIEW, a licensed IBM software, performs the functions of a focal point, and the network element management system (NEMS) addresses the management of network elements. The centralization of alarms and/or alerts and issuance of commands provides immediate capability to monitor and resolve network problems through a single set of terminals as well as a platform for further automation through the use of artificial intelligence technology     

高速高效光电探测器的制备、测试及特性分析

报道了一种垂直入射的InP基InGaAs pin光电探测器,介绍了它的制备和测试方法并对器件所展示出的高效,高速,高线性度特性进行了分析。器件的暗电流密度在0和-5V偏压时分别为1.37×10-5 A/cm2和93×10-5 A/cm2;在1.55μm波长,-3V偏压下,器件的线性光响应高达28mW,相应的最大线性电流为17mA,响应度达到0.61A/W(无减反射膜);在-5V偏压下,器件获得高达17.5GHz的3dB带宽。     

层次化跨区域SDN验证示范系统的设计与建设

软件定义网络（SDN）架构给网络带来了卓越的灵活性和可管理性。为了给新型SDN技术与应用提供大规模可行性验证试验床与试点部署平台,提出了依托于CERNET的层次化跨区域SDN 异地验证示范网络试验系统的总体架构,建设了9个城市、13个节点的SDN验证示范核心网与包含3个数据中心的接入网,并对基于SDN的vCPE智能专线业务、IPv4/IPv6过渡技术、流量监控调度应用和数据中心应用进行验证与示范。     

Independent and Simultaneous Monitoring of Chromatic and Polarization-Mode Dispersion in OOK and DPSK Transmission

We propose and demonstrate a novel technique for a simultaneous chromatic and first-order polarization-mode-dispersion (PMD) monitoring method using a partial bit delay Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with radio-frequency (RF) clock tone monitoring. RF clock tones at the output of the two branches of the MZI behave oppositely with increasing chromatic dispersion (CD) which improves the sensitivity of the measurement. The technique increases CD monitoring sensitivity over standard clock tone methods by a factor of two for a nonreturn-to-zero intensity modulation format and a factor of five for a differential-phase-shift-keying modulation format. The accuracy of PMD monitoring is also enhanced. Moreover, the partial bit delay allows the signal to pass through the constructive branch of the MZI with no observable degradation of the signal quality, allowing it to be normally detected by a receiver     

蓄势待发的可视电话及其应用和发展

可视电话作为一项新兴的通信技术 ,近年来引起了人们的极大关注。本文概述了可视电话及其特点、类别和应用 ,回顾了可视电话的起源及发展 ,介绍了美国、日本、英国等一些国家在可视电话的发展状况以及我国可视电话发展现状 ,分析了可视电话面临的问题 ,对可视电话的发展作了探讨 ,展望了可视电话在中国的发展前景     

Modeling of noise parameters of MESFETs and MODFETs and theirfrequency and temperature dependence

A simple noise model of a microwave MESFET (MODFET, HEMT, etc.) is described and verified at room and cryogenic temperatures. Closed-form expressions for the minimum noise temperature, the optimum generator impedance, the noise conductance, and the generator-impedance-minimizing noise measure are given in terms of the frequency, the elements of a FET equivalent circuit, and the equivalent temperatures of intrinsic gate resistance and drain conductance to be determined from noise measurements. These equivalent temperatures are demonstrated in the case of a Fujitsu FHR01FH MODFET to be independent of frequency in the frequency range in which 1/f noise is negligible. Thus, the model allows prediction of noise parameters for a broad frequency range from a single frequency noise parameter measurement. The relationships between this approach and other relevant studies are established     

Fast and accurate thermal modeling and simulation of manycore processors and workloads

Today's microprocessors require careful analysis of their thermal behavior both at design time as well as at runtime. However, accurate prediction of thermal behavior is possible only through simulations due to the complexity and the high dynamicity of their operation. Unfortunately, accurate simulations of such complex systems are computationally intensive, therefore time consuming, while on the other hand, simplified models often cause mispredictions leading to overdesign and lowered performance. In our work, we propose a new discrete-time method of assessment of the run-time temperature of a processor based on an approximation of its instructions-per-cycle (IPC) by a finite Fourier series expansion. Our method is AC-based, and shows significant increase of accuracy in comparison to well-known DC (average)-based models. Furthermore, we provide a new Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) model based on our estimations.     

Diagnosability and Distinguishability Analysis and Its Applications

As systems become more complex, it becomes necessary to understand, simplify, and apply fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant design. Although some graph-theoretical diagnostic models such as self-diagnosis model have been studied, the model can not be applied to most systems due to the assumption that each unit has its own testing capability. This paper presents a graph-theoretical diagnosis model expressed by a set of fallible units, a set of measurements, and an incident matrix indicating binary relation between these two sets. Since this model explicitly separates tested units (fallible units) and testing units (measurements), we can discuss diagnostic aspects from both sides. Diagnosability and distinguishability of the model with multiple faults are discussed from combinatorial point of view. Measures of t-fault diagnosability and t-out-of-s diagnosability which was introduced on the self-diagnosis model are discussed. Conditions for these diagnosabilities are expressed by a topological concept of fault distance. The concept of distinguishability is generalized to multiple fault situations called t-fault distinguishability. A lower bound for the distinguishability is obtained by using fault distance. The new concept of s-distinguishability class (s-dc) is presented. This analysis is recommended in the design of systems to attain a required level of diagnosability and distinguishability as well as in the analysis of present systems to investigate their diagnostic aspects. Two application examples are presented: Diagnosability and distinguishability analysis of error-correcting codes, and design of instrumentation systems of large plants with a required level of diagnosability.     

Exploring Blockchain and Smart Contract Technology for Reliable and Secure Land Registration and Record Management

The most significant issue in the government registry department is the duplicate registry of land in the current scenario. These kinds of problems are increasing day by day by day, which necessitates the advancement of the existing registry process system. It is a manual process that a typical stamp-based or newly not secure online process (only a few places). Use of a manual process, there are many issues in the duplicate registry of a particular land. The final registry, where the landlord has a stamp paper copy and sale deed or a specific number of the property. One receipt copy at the land registry department for their record. Blockchain has emerged as a new technology to resolve or handle the above-said issue of the current system, a distributed ledger that is a timestamp and immutable. Being immutable, forgeries related to the particular land during the registry are not allowed. This concept provides trust and consensus among all entities in the network or system. In this paper, we propose a framework for automated maintains a record of registry papers. This framework will also resolve the most effort to loan clearance operations and provide transparency in government e-governance. The system handled by the blockchain network, instead of existing typical manual processor online registry record maintain the process, it includes: An authentication scheme at multiple levels to make the blockchain-based framework secure, a quick verification for all the stack holders (bank, registry department, buyer, and seller), and apply Smart Contract to automate check the loan process as government norms and facilitate buyer and seller selling and purchase. The obtained consequences are examined against the latest approaches to indicate the supremacy of the proposed framework and provide transparent, accountable, incoherent data with the different government departments.

     

Authoring and navigating video in space and time

A formal methodology is needed to integrate and exchange spatial and temporal properties in hypermedia and hypertext. We propose a generic framework to structure and dynamically present a new form of video- and text-based media called hypervideo. We developed a Hypervideo Engine and produced an experimental hypermedia work, HyperCafe, to illustrate the general properties and aesthetic techniques possible in such a medium     

Blocking and desensitization in bipolar and MOSFET differentialamplifiers

Blocking and desensitization are among the nonlinear effects that result when bipolar and MOSFET differential amplifiers are operating in a multisignal electromagnetic interference (EMI) environment. When a weak desired signal is processed along with a strong undesired interferer signal, the weak signal may experience a reduced gain; that is, desensitization. If the amplitude of the undesired signal is sufficiently large, the gain of the desired signal may drop to zero; that is, blocking. Using a Fourier-series model for the differential input-voltage/output-current characteristics, closed-form expressions for predicting the desensitization in bipolar and MOSFET differential amplifiers are presented. These expressions are valid over a wide range of desired and blocking interfering signals amplitudes     

高效路由和迂回路由及相关问题的研究和探讨

从研究国际电信联盟电信标准《高效路由电路群的电路数》入手,从经济性和服务质量方面论述了设置高效路由电路群的意义,简述了确定高效路由电路数的几种方法,就近期电话网高效电路群应用的几种不当做法进行探讨,并给出了一些建议。     

基于FPGA和DSP的音视频采集处理系统设计

为了实时记录飞机飞行及作业过程中的各种信息,提出了一种基于FPGA和DSP的机载音视频采集处理系统。FPGA作为协处理器,完成对高清视频信号和音频信号的采集、解码以及格式的转换。DSP作为主处理器,在Linux系统的开发环境下,以视频H.264编码算法和音频G.711编码算法为核心完成了对音视频信号的压缩和存储。该系统性能稳定,实用性强,能够满足飞机飞行6小时的5路视频和2路音频信号的采集、存储和回放,达到了设计要求,具有一定的参考价值。     

Dynamical and thermal modelling of creep and relaxation for force and weight sensors

We present in this article analytic formulations of creep and relaxation processes, including thermal variation, for force and weight mechatronic sensors. We found that these phenomena can be modelled by a two timescales process for the dynamical behaviour of creep and relaxation, and that under a quasi static assumption of the temperature evolution thermal variation can be given, under usual range of temperature, by a polynomial representation of low order.     

Theory and Practice and the Neutral's Persona

Editor's note: Longtime Alternatives columnist Bob Creo, a veteran Pittsburgh neutral, is revisiting his classic CPR Institute website columns of a decade ago in a Back to Basics Series that he has subtitled “Human Problems, Human Solutions.” These updated and expanded columns, in print for the first time, began late last year. He has revisited and re‐examined mediation‐room techniques and practice issues. This month, he returns to the second column he wrote at www.cpradr.org a decade ago, and brings it forward.     

Commutativity and Application of Digital Interpolation Filters and Modulators

Interpolation filters are being widely used in a variety of communication applications. An equivalent realization of an interpolation FIR filter is shown to be a cascade combination of a hold and a periodically varying filter. It is also shown that the periodicity of the filter results in the Commutativity of the filter and a sinusoidal modulator. An application of such a scheme to TDM-FDM transmultiplexer is also presented.     

Smart cards: present and future applications and techniques

Smart cards, or IC cards, have recently begun to appear in many applications, e.g. banking, telephony and TV decoders. So far their use has been restricted to a set of very specific purposes. However, a smart card contains a microprocessor and a memory, so that it can be used for many functions that are presently performed by other devices, such as papers, keys, purses and also, sometimes, other computers. Smart cards provide a high level of security and enable a new family of information systems to be designed. 100 million IC cards will be manufactured in 1991 throughout the world. The paper is both a survey of the existing technology and an attempt to describe some future possibilities     

Research and development of hypertext and multimedia systems inRussia

At the end of 1990, a research company (NTC-HINTECH) was formed to develop new information technologies. This article describes a project to define formal algorithms for the creation of a sequence of nodes with certain semantic properties. It also describes a project for developing a generalized hypertext network, in which the relationship between the user and the system is dynamic and flexible