Hidden neural networks

A general framework for hybrids of hidden Markov models (HMMs) and neural networks (NNs) called hidden neural networks (HNNs) is described. The article begins by reviewing standard HMMs and estimation by conditional maximum likelihood, which is used by the HNN. In the HNN, the usual HMM probability parameters are replaced by the outputs of state-specific neural networks. As opposed to many other hybrids, the HNN is normalized globally and therefore has a valid probabilistic interpretation. All parameters in the HNN are estimated simultaneously according to the discriminative conditional maximum likelihood criterion. The HNN can be viewed as an undirected probabilistic independence network (a graphical model), where the neural networks provide a compact representation of the clique functions. An evaluation of the HNN on the task of recognizing broad phoneme classes in the TIMIT database shows clear performance gains compared to standard HMMs tested on the same task.     

Weighting hidden Markov models for maximum discrimination

MOTIVATION: Hidden Markov models can efficiently and automatically build statistical representations of related sequences. Unfortunately, training sets are frequently biased toward one subgroup of sequences, leading to an insufficiently general model. This work evaluates sequence weighting methods based on the maximum-discrimination idea. RESULTS: One good method scales sequence weights by an exponential that ranges between 0.1 for the best scoring sequence and 1.0 for the worst. Experiments with a curated data set show that while training with one or two sequences performed worse than single-sequence Probabilistic Smith-Waterman, training with five or ten sequences reduced errors by 20% and 51%, respectively. This new version of the SAM HMM suite outperforms HMMer (17% reduction over PSW for 10 training sequences), Meta-MEME (28% reduction), and unweighted SAM (31% reduction). AVAILABILITY: A WWW server, as well as information on obtaining the Sequence Alignment and Modeling (SAM) software suite and additional data from this work, can be found at http://www.cse.ucse. edu/research/compbio/sam.html     

Hidden Markov models for detecting remote protein homologies

MOTIVATION: A new hidden Markov model method (SAM-T98) for finding remote homologs of protein sequences is described and evaluated. The method begins with a single target sequence and iteratively builds a hidden Markov model (HMM) from the sequence and homologs found using the HMM for database search. SAM-T98 is also used to construct model libraries automatically from sequences in structural databases. METHODS: We evaluate the SAM-T98 method with four datasets. Three of the test sets are fold-recognition tests, where the correct answers are determined by structural similarity. The fourth uses a curated database. The method is compared against WU-BLASTP and against DOUBLE-BLAST, a two-step method similar to ISS, but using BLAST instead of FASTA. RESULTS: SAM-T98 had the fewest errors in all tests-dramatically so for the fold-recognition tests. At the minimum-error point on the SCOP (Structural Classification of Proteins)-domains test, SAM-T98 got 880 true positives and 68 false positives, DOUBLE-BLAST got 533 true positives with 71 false positives, and WU-BLASTP got 353 true positives with 24 false positives. The method is optimized to recognize superfamilies, and would require parameter adjustment to be used to find family or fold relationships. One key to the performance of the HMM method is a new score-normalization technique that compares the score to the score with a reversed model rather than to a uniform null model. AVAILABILITY: A World Wide Web server, as well as information on obtaining the Sequence Alignment and Modeling (SAM) software suite, can be found at http://www.cse.ucsc.edu/research/compbi o/ CONTACT: karplus@cse.ucsc.edu; http://www.cse.ucsc.edu/karplus     

Multivariate statistics for family psychology research.

The application of selected multivariate statistics is illustrated for use in family psychology research. The use of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and discriminant analysis in factorial designs and profile analysis is discussed. Profile analysis provides a method for dealing with unit of analysis issues in family psychology research. Applications of confirmatory factor analysis are also discussed as useful methods for researchers examining multiple components of families and handling multiple perspectives of various family members. Limitations and applications of these methods in family psychology research are reviewed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

20q gain associates with immortalization: 20q13.2 amplification correlates with genome instability in human papillomavirus 16 E7 transformed human uroepithelial cells

Pisatin is the major phytoalexin produced by pea upon microbial infection. The enzyme that catalyzes the terminal step in the pisatin biosynthetic pathway is (+)6a-hydroxymaackiain 3-O-methyltransferase (HMM). We report here the isolation and characterization of two HMM cDNA clones (pHMM1 and pHMM2) made from RNA obtained from Nectria haematococca-infected pea tissue. The two clones were confirmed to encode HMM activity by heterologous expression in Escherichia coli. The substrate specificity of the methyltransferases in E. coli was similar to the activity detected in CuCl2-treated pea tissue. Nucleotide sequence analysis of Hmm1 and Hmm2 revealed an open reading frame of 1080 bp and 360 amino acid residues which would encode 40.36 kda and 40.41 kDa polypeptides, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequence of HMM1 has 95.8% identity to HMM2, 40.6% identity to Zrp4, a putative O-methyltransferase (OMT) in maize root, and 39.1% to pBH72-F1, a putative OMT induced in barley by fungal pathogens or UV light. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of the cDNA clones to OMTs from other higher plants identified the binding sites of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet). Southern blot analysis showed two closely linked genes with strong homology to Hmm in the pea genome.     

板形控制的应用探讨

根据板带钢轧制过程中的板形方程、板形锥和辊缝方程的概念，分析板形控制工艺要求和控制思路，探讨选择板控制方式过程中应考虑的技术问题。同时针对热轧中间坯、热轧供冷轧原料的板形指标，传统热轧条件下如何优化负荷分配等问题进行了定量分析。     

板形控制在莱钢宽厚板的应用

板形控制是宽厚钢板生产的一个关键因素,板形控制的好坏直接决定到毛边板的边部和头尾的剪切量,其控制精度对确保钢板质量和提高成材率是极其重要的。本文以莱钢4300mm宽厚板为例介绍板形控制技术和模型的应用,为轧机的钢板板形的控制提供了借鉴依据。     

"The eyes that fix you": A model for classification research.

Presents an overview of classification techniques that highlights the paucity of integrated conceptual and methodological strategies. A unified treatment of classification procedures is presented, and emphasis is placed on identification of preliminary types, replication of these types across samples, and integration of the derived typology in a theoretical model that is open to empirical evaluation. The fundamental concept is a Modal Profile, defined as a hypothetical profile pattern (ideal type) that is characteristic of a certain subset of entities in the population. Considering data for m samples, a least-squares estimate of the Modal Profile constructs is computed using generalized canonical correlation procedures. One important facet is a strategy for assessing the independent contribution of evaluation, scatter, and shape parameters in defining profile similarity. Several studies are reviewed that have applied this model in the classification of psychopathology. (French abstract) (40 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Research and application of approximate rectangular section control technology in hot strip mills

Profile requirements of silicon steel strip are extremely high and the thickness difference of cold-rolled products is usually less than 7 μm,and the profile qu...     

The comparison of two methods in the anthropological study of linguistic differentiation

The paper presents the application of hidden Markov models (HMM) in the analysis of the linguistic microdifferentiation of 48 reproductively isolated populations in the Eastern Adriatic. The mathematical method is described in detail when applied for the recognition of the two main dialects (cakavian and stokavian) present in the investigated area, using two distinguished HMM. The resulting classification of villages is compared to those of the clustering methods applied previously for the same purpose.     

Personality profile in adult female fragile X carriers: assessed with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Profile (MMPI)

To assess if the higher incidence of psychiatric morbidity in fragile X carriers is related to a particular pathological personality profile, we obtained a Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Profile from 11 normally intelligent (female) fragile X carriers. The sample mean for the clinical and validity scales all fell within the normal range. Although no pathological profile was found, some unexpected results emerged: low scores for the scales "schizophrenia" and "social introversion" and a so-called faking-good profile on the validity scales. This combination suggests that the subjects might not be aware of some personality characteristics in these areas. Implications for further research are discussed.     

Relationship between the MMPI-2 and psychosocial measures in a heterogeneous pain population.

Objective: A prior study demonstrated the utility of an MMPI-2 profile pattern, formerly known as the "Floating Profile," for identifying treatment complications in the context of pain management. Retermed the "Disability Profile" (DP), this profile comprised a large proportion of the chronic musculoskeletal pain sample studied, and it was associated with several negative treatment outcomes. Method: This current study was designed to further evaluate the DP, but within a more heterogeneous pain population, while also comparing 3 other MMPI-2 profile patterns and 5 specific pain categories on behavioral and psychosocial measures administered at an initial intake evaluation. A total of 755 participants were evaluated. Results: Results clearly demonstrated the utility of the DP, with its association with significant impairment and disability in the pain population at the intake evaluation. Conclusions: A heterogeneous pain population is likely to include a number of individuals who demonstrate a pattern of behavior consistent with the initial findings of the DP characteristics. Those participants demonstrating a DP appear to have more complications during treatment and will likely require more thorough interventions at multiple points during treatment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

H13钢散热器挤压模具失效分析

本文论述了铝型材挤压模具的工作条件、失效形式、表面氮化处理的作用。通过化学分析、金相分析、X射线能量色散谱仪分析、表面和横截面扫描电镜观察等方法，重点分析了某厂H13钢散热器挤压模具的失效原因。     

The autoantibody profile and disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Antinuclear antibodies are a group of autoantibodies which are typical for collagenous diseases. By means of the autoantibody profile different sub-groups of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can be identified. This can serve as a certain prognostic factor of the affection. Patients with a negative antibody profile have fewer clinical and laboratory manifestations of SLE. Profile A (anti-dsDNA and/or anti-Sm has, as compared with patients with a negative antibody profile, more frequent organ manifestations. Patients with profile B (anti-RNP) have a higher frequency of Raynaud's phenomenon. Profile C (anti-Ro, anti-La) is characterized in particular by photosensitivity of the skin and secondary Sj?gren's syndrome. Profile D (antibodies against centromeres and/or Scl-70) are found in subjects with SLE with traits of scleroderma. Finally profile E (antibodies against histones) are found in SLE induced by drugs. In the submitted study in 28 patients with SLE autoantibodies anti-dsDNA, anti-DNP, extracted nuclear antibodies (ENA-Sm,Ro,La, histones, Sm/RNP, Scl-70) were evaluated and different subgroups of SLE were assessed. Attention was paid to their common characteristics and the activity of the disease. Associations of clinical activity of the disease expressed by the ECLAM index (European Consensus Lupus Activity Measurement) were tested as well as anti-dsDNA levels and also the association of the disease activity with C3 and C4 constituents of complement, CRP and circulating immunocomplexes in serum. Positivity of the antinuclear factor (ANF) was found in 21 patients, while in 7 subjects who were in clinical and laboratory remission, ANF was negative. A negative antibody profile was recorded in 9 patients, profile A was found in 13, 1 patient had profile B, and 4 patients had profile C. Antibody profile D was not found in the group. When using regression analysis and Pearson s correlation coefficient, correlations were found between anti-dsDNA values and the system ECLAM (r = 0.72, p < 0.01), anti-dsDNA and C3 levels (r = -0.59, p < 0.01), C4 (r = -0.50,, p < 0.01), and between the ECLAM system and C3 (r = -0.60, p 0.01) and C4 (r = -0.52, p < 0.01) and also between C3 and C4 mutually (r = 0.72, p < 0.01). From the submitted investigation ensues that investigation of antinuclear antibody levels in SLE is important not only for assessment of the diagnosis of the disease and its activity but also for assessment of the subgroups of the disease and for prediction of its development. As to other indicators of activity, assessment of the C3 and C4 constituents of complement is still important.     

全膜法除盐水系统技术改造

全膜法除盐工艺在型钢除盐水生产应用中效果欠佳。型钢化学水首先采取多介质、活性炭、超滤、保安过滤的预处理和反渗透加阴阳床的除盐工艺,改进原二级反渗透工艺缺陷,保证型钢区域除盐水的优质足量供应。     

改善X65管线钢板平直度工艺实践

板型控制是管线钢生产的关键技术和难点技术,本文通过对X65管线钢板型不良问题产生的原因进行分析,依靠工艺创新,使管线钢板型质量得到明显提高,并成功应用于类似生产工艺的钢种。     

Innocuous labeling of the subfragment-2 region of skeletal muscle heavy meromyosin with a fluorescent polyacrylamide nanobead and visualization of individual heavy meromyosin molecules

We have studied transglutaminase-catalyzed incorporation of monodansylcadaverine and monobiotincadaverine into rabbit skeletal muscle heavy meromyosin (HMM). The incorporation of dansylcadaverine reached saturation at 4 mol per 1 mol of HMM. An electrophoretogram of the chymotryptic digest of the dansyl-labeled HMM revealed that the labeling took place primarily in the S-2 region of HMM. Atomic force microscopic images and electron micrographs of the complexes of the biotinylated HMM and UltraAvidin-coated fluorescent polyacrylamide nanoparticles revealed that the biotinylated site on S-2 was very close to the C-terminus (near the S-2/light meromyosin junction). In keeping with this result, together with HMM's key sites being localized on the S-1 region, the enzymatic conjugation of biotincadaverine had no influence upon the actin-activated ATPase activity of HMM or upon the ability of HMM to actuate sliding of actin filaments in in vitro motility assay. Attachment of an UltraAvidin-coated fluorescent nanobead to the biotinylated HMM also did not alter the motile activity of HMM. Thus, we can optically pinpoint individual HMM molecules in a sample, which will facilitate handling and manipulation of single HMM molecules and observation of their functional behavior.     

Fakability of a forced-choice personality test under realistic high school employment conditions.

The Gordon Personal Profile was administered to junior and senior high school students for vocational guidance purposes. Three months later it was readministered as an employment test to students applying for jobs. Those not seeking jobs took the test again as a guidance test… .Individuals did not change their profile patterns substantially from a guidance situation to an employment situation, and mean increases for the group were found to be moderate." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)