低阶烟煤对常规炼焦煤热塑性影响规律研究

为提高低灰低硫低阶煤的配煤炼焦用量,在低阶烟煤煤岩分离的基础上,研究了低阶烟煤镜质组对气煤、肥煤、焦煤等常规炼焦煤塑性胶质体的流动性、膨胀性和黏结能力等影响。结果表明,随着低阶烟煤镜质组比例的增加,气煤、肥煤、焦煤塑性胶质体的流动性、膨胀性和黏结力指数下降。低阶煤镜质组的比例为12%时,所得气煤配低阶煤镜质组的流动性下降70.0%,黏结指数下降31.8%;所得肥煤配低阶煤镜质组的流动性下降66.1%,黏结指数下降9.4%;所得焦煤配低阶煤镜质组的流动性下降78.4%,黏结指数下降45.7%。配入低阶煤镜质组比例为8%时,气煤的膨胀度由1.3%降至-19.5%,肥煤的膨胀度由158.7%降至88.2%,焦煤的膨胀度由28.5%降至-1.2%,呈现劣化作用。所得配煤指标并不存在线性关系,对焦煤影响最大,交互作用偏负;对肥煤影响较小,交互作用偏正。     

大比例配无烟煤炼焦生产高CSR焦炭的研究

以大比例配入无烟煤进行配煤炼焦为基础,利用40kg试验焦炉进行配煤炼焦生产高反应后强度焦炭的试验研究。结果表明,无烟煤配入量在30%~40%、焦煤和肥煤比例在50%~55%时,采用捣固炼焦工艺可以生产出CSR大于60%的焦炭,焦炭机械强度和反应后强度均达到一级冶金焦标准。     

配入低阶煤炼焦对焦炭性能影响的研究

选用焦煤、1/3焦煤、肥煤、瘦煤、长焰煤进行配煤,堆密度为0.7g/cm3和1.0g/cm3,采用2kg焦炉炼焦,对焦炭的冷态强度和热态性能分析检测,探讨了堆密度及低阶煤加入量对焦炭性能的影响,结果表明,配入低阶煤后,焦炭的冷态强度及热态性能变差,配比小于5%时,影响较小,适当提高原料煤堆密度,焦炭的冷态强度及热态性能得到改善。     

高炉喷吹用烟煤配煤炼焦试验研究

为了扩大炼焦煤资源,优化配煤结构,结合烟煤配煤炼焦理论,通过高炉喷吹用烟煤的工业铁桶试验研究,分析了配加烟煤后配合煤的性能变化和所炼焦炭的质量。结果表明：适当增加1/3焦煤、减少气煤配比,烟煤配加质量分数控制在2%～3%,可以有效优化配煤结构,使配合煤的灰分、硫分及挥发分保持在稳定状态,改善焦炭的机械强度、热强度,提高焦炭的块度,同时还可以降低配煤成本,当烟煤配加质量分数为2%时,配煤成本可降低15.60元/t。     

配合煤反射率分布图在指导炼焦配煤中的作用

介绍了配合煤反射率分布图的制作、特点及在指导炼焦配煤中的作用,弥补了常规配煤与煤岩配煤不能适应配入混煤的不足,对配煤的合理性做出了判别。通过HD型全自动显微镜光度计软件模拟配煤,迅速形成合理的配煤方案,有利于混煤的合理配入及焦炭质量的提高。     

除尘灰配煤炼焦40kg焦炉试验研究

为有效利用焦化生产中产生的大量除尘灰,进行了除尘灰配煤炼焦的试验研究。以不同工位收集的除尘灰为对象,在除尘灰配入比例分别为0%、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%下,进行了40 kg焦炉的配除尘灰炼焦试验及减小误差的二次配除尘灰炼焦试验。40 kg焦炉炼焦试验结果显示:在现有配煤条件下,除尘灰的配入比例为0.5%时,所得焦炭的机械强度提高,热强度变化不大;二次配除尘灰炼焦试验结果显示:除尘灰配比在某一数值前,焦炭质量有所改善,此数值与配煤黏结性有关。     

高硫焦煤和非主炼焦煤在配煤炼焦中的作用研究

鉴于优质焦煤资源短缺,高硫焦煤配煤炼焦备受关注。在实验室模拟炼焦条件下,对山西兑镇和柳林地区7个批次的高硫焦煤的炼焦特性及煤岩组分进行分析,探究高硫焦煤的结焦性能;同时考察了不黏煤、弱黏煤等低黏煤在配煤炼焦中的影响。实验结果显示:与柳林高硫煤相比,兑镇高硫煤单种煤焦的冷强度较高,热强度较低;在配煤炼焦时,兑镇配煤焦的冷强度多数低于柳林配煤焦,但其热强度优于柳林配煤焦,如柳林3配煤焦的M_3为4.02%,M_(13)为94.66%,而CRI*为43.20%,CSR*为69.13%;配入低黏煤可改善焦炭耐磨性和抗碎性,同比例添加条件下,配弱黏煤焦炭质量优于配不黏煤焦炭质量。     

炼焦配煤中添加剂对焦炭质量的影响

以华北地区某焦化厂炼焦用煤为研究对象,通过对基础煤样和添加剂性质分析,说明各煤样及添加剂的优势和不足,并提出了具体的配煤方案,得到了配合煤及焦炭的性质。依据煤岩学观点和共炭化炼焦理论,以焦油沥青、石油沥青替代部分强黏结煤,或以焦粉、石油焦作为瘦化剂炼焦,通过与基础炼焦煤配合后进行炼焦试验,对添加剂在炼焦配煤中的作用进行分析。结果表明:沥青是较为理想的黏结剂,配入量以3%～5%为宜;无烟煤最佳配入量为5%;无烟煤、焦粉、石油焦是常用的瘦化剂,其中无烟煤提高焦炭耐磨强度作用显著,焦粉降低配合煤挥发分作用突出,石油焦在降灰及提高焦炭块度等方面作用更为明显。     

无烟煤较高比例参与配煤炼焦最佳粒度研究

为开发较高比例无烟煤参与配煤炼焦的技术,研究了无烟煤配比为12%时,无烟煤合适的粒度控制范围及结焦机理,通过不同粒度无烟煤参与配煤炼焦试验,得出无烟煤的粒度对其参与配煤炼焦所得焦炭的冷热态强度均有明显影响。随着无烟煤粒度增大,焦炭光学组织中大于300μm的惰性组分增多,焦炭冷热态强度呈下降趋势,这些大尺寸惰性组分周围基本无其他组分包裹,形成明显裂纹;用12%的无烟煤替代瘦煤,无烟煤粒度小于0.3 mm时,焦炭冷热态强度保持稳定。试验得出:无烟煤较高比例参与配煤炼焦的最佳粒度为小于0.3 mm。     

微强黏比配煤参数的应用研究

为了评价混煤等因素造成单种煤质量差异较大的问题,应用煤岩学观点提出了微强黏比的概念。微强黏比从微观角度反映了炼焦配煤最为关注的强黏结煤比例,为传统单种煤评价方法提供了有益的补充。同时该指标与焦炭反应性和反应后强度之间有着良好的相关关系,可作为影响焦炭质量的关键参数指导炼焦配煤生产。     

Molecular components of coal and coal structure

A high-volatile bituminous coal was extracted at room temperature by various organic solvents. The yields of the extracts ranged from 4.5 wt% daf (ethanol/benzene extract) to 38 wt% daf (pyridine/ethylenediamine extract). The extracts were analysed by Fl mass spectrometry; the volatile part (75–80 wt%) was composed of substances of molecular weight in the range 70–800 amu, but the compounds in the 200–600 amu range predominated. Over 300 compounds were identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The results indicate that compounds < 800 amu constitute at least 30 wt% daf of the analysed coal.     

Electrical conductivity of coal and coal char

The electrical conductivity of coal, at either 1 kHz or d.c., was measured at 24 °C on samples recovered from pyrolysis experiments aimed at modelling conditions during in situ gasification of coal. From an initial value of 10⁻³ S/m (when the coal is saturated with formation water), the conductivity decreases to 10⁻⁸ S/m when the coal is heated to 110 °C in vacuum. This low value, presumably due to dehydration of the coal, prevails for samples heated as high as 500 °C in dry argon. Samples of char recovered after pyrolysis to 800 °C or more have a conductivity of 10² S/m. Capitalizing on the large contrast between the conductivities of coal and char produced during gasification, electrical probing may be a sensitive tool for monitoring ‘burn-front’ progress during in situ coal gasification.     

澳大利亚煤代替西曲焦煤的配煤炼焦研究

对澳大利亚煤和国内6种单种煤进行煤质分析和配煤炼焦实验,分析澳大利亚煤代替西曲煤进行炼焦的可行性。结果表明澳大利亚煤具有低灰低硫、高挥发分等特点,在炼焦中用澳大利亚煤替代西曲焦煤可降低焦炭的灰分和硫分,增大焦炭的各向异性指数,改善焦炭强度。     

Industrial coking of coal batch without bituminous coal

For many years, Kuznetsk-coal batch has always included bituminous coal. Depending on the content of such coal, the batch may be characterized as lean, moderately clinkering, or bituminous. This classification was adopted by specialists of the Eastern Coal-Chemistry Institute (ECCI) in experimental coking at Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Works in 1945 [1]. Lean batch contained 10% Osinovsk bituminous coal (plastic-layer thickness y = 13 mm); moderately coking coal contained 25% bituminous coal (y = 16 mm); and bituminous batch contained 40% of such coal (y = 20 mm).     

黏结煤与不黏煤共热解特性研究

为了利用内构件反应器热解技术实现黏结性煤的高值化利用,采用TG-MS和固定床反应器研究了黏结的山西兴县煤(简称XX煤)与不黏的先锋褐煤(简称XF煤)共热解时的破黏和热解特性。TG-MS实验结果表明,XX煤与XF煤配制的混合煤比XX煤黏性小,且XF煤促进了XX煤热解,混合煤热解行为是两种煤共同作用的结果。固定床热解实验表明,煤粒径越小,降黏越显著;XX煤和XF煤的比例(XX:XF)越小,降黏越显著,XX:XF小于5:5时,可消除结焦团块;XX:XF越小,半焦产率越低,焦油和煤气产率越高;随XX:XF减小,焦油中<170℃和230~300℃的馏分含量先升后降,XX:XF=6:4~3:7时最高,170~210℃、210~230℃和300~360℃的馏分逐渐增加,>360℃的馏分含量不断降低;随XX:XF的减小,H2含量先升高后降低,在XX:XF=3:7时最高;CO含量呈略微升高趋势;CO2含量先逐步升高,在XX:XF=6:4达到最高,然后从XX:XF=5:5开始降低,在XX:XF=3:7达到最低,然后又开始升高;CH4及C2~C3组分含量呈下降趋势,而H2+CO+CH4 (煤气中有效组分之和)的含量先下降再升高接着再降低,在XX:XF=6:4时最低,XX:XF=3:7时最高。XX:XF越小,虽半焦的C/N和C/H不断减少,但C元素含量增幅和N, H元素含量减幅增大;比表面积越大,内孔结构越多越大,起燃温度越低,燃烧越彻底。     

关于混煤的配煤探讨

针对生产用煤多为复杂混煤的不利情况,在常规分析数据的基础上利用岩相分析手段指导配煤,有效稳定了焦炭质量,明显改善了焦炭的热态性能。     

高硫焦煤在配煤中的应用

通过研究高硫焦煤的理化性质,在配合煤中配入一定比例的廉价高硫焦煤,焦炭质量得到改善,主焦煤的使用比例减少,入炉煤成本大幅降低.     

Coking properties of coal pitch in coal batch

The coking properties of coal pitch depend significantly on its fractional composition, which determines the set of structural components involved in meso-phase formation. The optimal combination of high-molecular aromatic compounds, polycyclic compounds of intermediate molecular mass, and hydrogen-donor hydroaromatic components corresponds to a ratio of pitch fractions α: β: γ = 1: 2: 2. This is typical of coal pitch with a softening temperature of 75–85°C. Such pitch is the best clinkering additive to coking batch, resulting in the production of coke of maximum strength.     

煤岩学在炼焦配煤中的应用进展及优化配煤技术

科学合理的配煤技术对于焦化企业高质量发展至关重要,炼焦配煤技术的核心在于对原料煤煤质特性的深入认知。影响炼焦煤性质的主要因素包括变质程度、煤岩组成及第三成因因素,故煤岩学对炼焦配煤技术的研究与应用至关重要。本文论述了经验配煤、煤岩配煤及人工智能配煤3种炼焦配煤技术发展历程和现状,凝练了炼焦配煤技术的发展趋势。结合研究实际,重点梳理了煤岩学指标在炼焦配煤中的应用现状。在注重煤岩特征的同时,也需兼顾工艺指标等相关参数对炼焦煤优劣的表征。在实际应用中,各项指标参数的选择和利用需要综合考虑参数适配范围并尊重该指标与炼焦煤特性的真实对应关系。基于以上内容,提出了关联成煤时代、产地等地质因素和黏结指数、胶质层指数等工艺指标的整体思路,实现焦炭性能与原料煤特性的科学、深入关联,构建“本源-过程-结果”一体的优化配煤技术新体系。     

Catalytic activity of coal minerals in hydrogasification of coal

Hydrogasification of six bituminous coals was studied in a fixed-ped flow reactor at pressures up to 2 MPa and temperatures from 790 to 960 °C. Ranges of distinct methane formation are found with all coals between 500 and 600 °C, 750 to 800 °C and >850 °C. The reactions in the first two ranges are determined by the molecular structure of coal and are not affected by catalytic activities of constituents of coal minerals. In the third range, >850 °C, iron as a constituent of mineral matter of coal can accelerate methane formation significantly if the pressure is sufficiently high. Thermodynamic calculations indicate, and were verified by thermogravimetric studies, that iron disulphides in original coals can be desulphurized during gasification. Alkali and alkali earth oxides and carbonates can act as sulphur scavengers via an exchange reaction and thus accelerate the desulphurization of iron sulphides.