微生物谷氨酰胺转移酶及其在食品工业中的应用

谷氨酰胺转移酶能促进蛋白质分子间的交联作用,催化蛋白质之间异肽键的形成,对蛋白质溶解度、乳化能力、发泡性能和凝胶化作用等功能产生积极影响。众多食品工业加工过程中如奶酪生产、乳制品加工、肉类加工、焙烤制品及可食性膜的生产过程等都应用了这种酶的交联特性。微生物源性的谷氨酰胺转胺酶在生物技术生产中所需成本低,目前已经应用于几乎所有的工业领域。本文总体概述了谷氨酰胺转胺酶的特点及其在食品工业中的应用。     

转谷氨酰胺酶的性质、制备及在食品加工中的应用

转谷氨酰胺酶是催化蛋白质分子之间交联的一种酶，对蛋白质的成胶能力、热稳定性、持水能力等功能特性有独特的改善作用。目前从微生物Streptoverticillium spp．中分离转谷氨酰胺酶和在食品工业中的实际应用都已经实现，因为从微生物制备可以实现大规模的工业化生产，成本低廉，为转谷氨酰胺酶在工业上的应用奠定了基础。现在转谷氨酰胺酶广泛地应用于海洋食品、面条／面团、奶制品、烘焙食品等食品加工领域，通过温和的酶反应可以明显地改善食品的硬度、弹性、热稳定性和持水能力。主要讨论了转谷氨酰胺酶的性质、分离和在食品加工中的应用。     

转谷氨酰胺酶交联作用对乳蛋白功能特性的影响

转谷氨酰胺酶可用于蛋白交联,改性蛋白质的组织结构和功能特性,在食品工业中具有广阔的应用前景。本文介绍了转谷氨酰胺酶的作用机制、对乳蛋白功能特性的影响以及在酸奶生产中的应用等。     

转谷氨酰胺酶及其在食品工业中的研究进展

本文论述了转谷氨酰胺酶的来源、制备、理化性质、功能特性和作用原理,并介绍了转谷氨酰胺酶在肉制品加工、乳制品加工、水产品加工、植物蛋白制品以及可食性保鲜膜等方面的应用情况。     

转谷氨酰胺酶对乳蛋白质的改性作用

转谷氨酰胺酶是催化酰基转移反应的一种酶,可使蛋白质或多肽之间发生共价交联反应。本文介绍了转谷氨酰胺酶对牛乳蛋白质凝胶特性、乳化性、热稳定性、成膜性等特性的改性作用及其在乳品加工中的应用。     

转谷氨酰胺酶及其在肉制品生产中的应用

转谷氨酰胺酶是一种能够催化蛋白质氨基酸残基发生酰基转移反应的酶,通过对蛋白质的修饰作用,使蛋白质的结构和物理特性得到优化,在食品工业尤其是肉制品生产中得到广泛应用。本文在介绍了转谷氨酰胺酶的分类、性质和作用机理的基础上,对其在肉制品中的功能作用以及在国内外肉制品生产中的应用进行了综述。     

转谷氨酰胺酶在食品工业中的应用

转谷氨酰胺酶是一种催化酰基转移反应的转移酶,通过胺的结合和交联来修饰蛋白质,大大改善蛋白质产品的乳化性、热稳定性和凝胶性。转谷氨酰胺酶的基本性质和凝胶特性,使其在食品加工中具有重要的用途,在肉制品和面粉制品中得到广泛应用。     

谷氨酰胺转胺酶的功能特性及其在面粉制品加工中的应用

谷氨酰胺转胺酶是一种催化酰基转移反应的转移酶，它可使蛋白分子间和分子内产生共价交联反应，是一种良好的面筋改良剂。主要论述了谷氨酰胺转胺酶的功能特性、作用机理、改良面筋的流变学特性以及它在面粉制品加工中的应用。     

转谷氨酰胺酶及其在鱼糜制品加工中的应用

通过比较分析鱼内源性转谷氨酰胺酶(Fish endogenous transglutaminase,FTGase)和微生物来源的转谷氨酰胺酶(Microbial transglutaminase,MTGase)的性质和作用机理的异同。在此基础上探讨影响转谷氨酰胺酶(Transglutaminase,TGase)作用的因素(热处理方式、酶活促进剂、酶活抑制剂)及在鱼糜制品加工中的应用(改善凝胶特性、提高营养价值、提高持水性),并对TGase在今后的研究方向进行了展望,以期为TGase在鱼糜制品加工中的开发利用提供参考。     

转谷氨酰胺酶的特性及其聚合大豆蛋白的研究

转谷氨酰胺酶作为一种生物催化剂,可以催化蛋白质赖氨酸上ε-氨基和谷氨酰胺上γ-羟酰胺基之间的交联反应,在蛋白质分子间或分子内形成ε-(γ-谷氨酰胺基)赖氨酸(G-L)键。此催化过程具有反应条件温和、底物选择性好的特点,交联聚合后蛋白的功能特性,如凝胶性、热稳定性和保水性等会得到明显改善,因此,其广泛应用于动植物蛋白的改性中。本文介绍了不同来源转谷氨酰胺酶的特性和其在不同食品体系中的作用,并对转谷氨酰胺酶催化大豆蛋白聚合的研究进行了综述。     

POTENTIAL FOR UTILIZING 11S SOY GLOBULAR PROTEIN TO STUDY TEXTURE FORMATION1

A corn meal based model food system was successfully utilized in experiments designed to measure the influence of protein type on product integrity. The food systems were processed using either a capillary rheometer or an extrusion capillary rheometer to produce the texturized product. The Warner-Bratzler Shear test and the Ottawa texture measuring tests were utilized to indicate product integrity. The purified 11S soy protein produced a product with greater integrity as measured by maximum shear value than an equivalent amount of soy protein isolate from which it was derived.     

转谷氨酰胺酶在食品加工中的应用

简要介绍了转谷氨酰胺酶的分类和性质,并从畜肉制品、乳制品、水产品、大豆蛋白制品、小麦粉制品和食品包装与保藏6个方面较为详细地介绍了其在食品加工中的应用情况。     

我国大豆蛋白在食品加工中的应用及展望

论述了我国大豆蛋白粉、大豆浓缩蛋白和大豆分离蛋白的生产方法、产品质量及产品特点,分析了大豆蛋白各种功能特性及在我国食品加工中的应用,对我国目前各种大豆蛋白产品的生产现状和开发前景进行了探讨。脱脂大豆粉和分离蛋白的工艺已经成熟,醇法大豆浓缩蛋白技术的应用研究和生产正在成为发展方向。     

Safety of Novel Protein Sources (Insects,Microalgae, Seaweed,Duckweed, and Rapeseed) and Legislative Aspects for Their Application in Food and Feed Production

Novel protein sources (like insects, algae, duckweed, and rapeseed) are expected to enter the European feed and food market as replacers for animal‐derived proteins. However, food safety aspects of these novel protein sources are not well‐known. The aim of this article is to review the state of the art on the safety of major novel protein sources for feed and food production, in particular insects, algae (microalgae and seaweed), duckweed, and rapeseed. Potential hazards for these protein sources are described and EU legislative requirements as regard to food and feed safety are explained. Potential hazards may include a range of contaminants, like heavy metals, mycotoxins, pesticide residues, as well as pathogens. Some safety aspects of novel protein sources are intrinsic to the product, but many potential hazards can also be due to production methods and processing conditions. These aspects should be considered in advance during product development. European law is unclear on several issues regarding the use of novel protein sources in food and feed products. For food product applications, the most important question for food producers is whether or not the product is considered a novel food. One of the major unclarities for feed applications is whether or not products with insects are considered animal‐derived products or not. Due to the unclarities in European law, it is not always clear which Regulation and maximum levels for contaminants apply. For market introduction, European legislation should be adjusted and clarified.     

叶蛋白资源的开发与利用

着重综述了植物叶蛋白的定义、营养价值、生产工艺及其在食品工业上的应用,并指出植物叶蛋白具有开发利用前景。     

一种组织蛋白即食膨化食品的风味优化研究

大豆组织蛋白食品具有较好的营养和吸收效果。该文通过单因素试验和响应面分析研究食盐、白砂糖和白醋添加量对一种添加蛋白肽的组织蛋白即食膨化食品风味以及质构的影响,并对配方进行了优化。经优化调整后,确定最优配方为食盐添加量5.7%,白砂糖添加量6.7%,白醋添加量3.0%,此条件下产品感官品质最佳,感官评分为86分,适合佐餐食用。所得制品的弹性、咀嚼性、内聚性、胶黏性和硬度分别为：4.47 mm、4.88 mJ、0.78%、1.12 N、1.25 N。     

Mangiferin nanoparticles fortified dairy beverage as a low glycemic food product: its quality attributes and antioxidant properties

Mangiferin-encapsulated β-lactoglobulin–chitosan (mangiferin/βLG-CS) nanoparticles were fortified in milk to obtain a low glycemic index (GI) food product with high antioxidant capacity. The present study evaluated the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of mangiferin in milk fortified with nanoparticles. Fortification reduced the GI of milk by 34.5%. A mathematical model was developed to evaluate the lactose digestion, in terms of reducing sugar formed in milk by determining the digestion rate (k), and a significant reduction in k was observed. The bioaccessibility of mangiferin was enhanced by fortification. Fortified milk showed good antioxidant, lipid peroxidation inhibition and protein oxidation inhibition properties. Mangiferin nanoparticles fortified dairy beverage as an ideal food product with high antioxidant capacity and can inhibit lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation. It may be used as a low GI food product.     

大豆蛋白和鱼肉复合挤压过程中水分状态变化研究

大豆蛋白含有丰富的氨基酸,同时鱼肉的脂肪比较丰富,鱼糜相关制品在我国的开发存在很大的发展空间。以大豆蛋白和鱼糜为原料,采用双螺杆挤压机对其进行复合挤压组织化,研制出一种新型的复合蛋白产品。利用低场核磁共振分析测得不同加工工艺条件下的复合蛋白产品自由水与结合水的相对变化情况,并对其变化规律进行分析。同时,对产品和原料的常规理化指标进行了检测与比较。结果表明:新型复合蛋白产品的保水性较好,自由水与结合水含量相对合理,蛋白质含量与脂肪含量等理化指标符合健康食品的标准。     

高水分半干牡蛎生产工艺技术研究

以近江牡蛎为原料,经热烫、调味、干制、真空包装和杀菌等工序,制得高水分调味牡蛎食品。本产品保留了牡蛎原有的营养成分和其特有的海鲜风味,产品含蛋白质28.30%、脂肪10.0%及牛磺酸、多糖等牡蛎固有的活性成分,口感舒适,食用方便。     

Functional Properties of Blood Globin

The functional properties of a globin protein isolated by an acid-acetone-salt treatment were studied. Results indicate that the product is a good source of lysine, leucine and valine; the limiting amino acids are methionine and isoleucine. Nitrogen solubility index, emulsifying activity, emulsifying capacity, foam stability and whippabillty of the globin product were evaluated. This protein has excellent foaming and emulsification properties. Its mayonnaise-type emulsions are stable over 8 wk of storage at 4°C. These results indicate the potential of this globin protein as a good emulsifying or foaming agent for incorporation into food formulations.