质子交换膜燃料电池及其双极板的研究

为了降低质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的成本,提高质子交换膜燃料电池的性能,综述了质子交换膜燃料电池的基本结构、工作原理、主要优点及应用领域,分析了质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的特点及功能,介绍了制备质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的新材料及新工艺:中间相碳微球材料,凝胶注模成型工艺和中间相碳微球素坯的掺杂催化石墨化烧结工艺.提出了应用质子交换膜燃料电池及其双极板的新材料新工艺来降低其生产成本,为质子交换膜燃料电池及其双极板的研发指出了方向.     

质子交换膜燃料电池双极板材料的研究进展

双极板是质子交换膜燃料电池的关键部件之一,在燃料电池中主要起分隔氧化剂与还原荆、使生成的水顺利排出、分隔电池堆中的每个电池和收集输送电流的作用.质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的成本与性能对推进燃料电池的产业化进程有很大影响.双极板材料主要有石墨材料、金属或合金材料以及各种复合材料,针对这些双极板材料的优缺点进行了比较.     

质子交换膜燃料电池用双极板材料及制备工艺的研究进展

双极板是质子交换膜燃料电池的核心部件之一,具有隔绝反应气体、传导电流和提供反应气体通道等功能.目前,如何降低双极板的成本已经成为该燃料电池产业化最关键的因素.综述了质子交换膜燃料电池用双极板材料及其制备方法的研究进展,并且指出了该类材料未来的发展方向.     

质子交换膜燃料电池双极板材料的研究

双极板是质子交换膜燃料电池的关键部件之一,具有隔离反应介质、收集电流、提供气体通道的作用.寻找性能低且成本优良的双极板材料已成为质子交换膜燃料电池产业化技术研究中的重要课题.综述了各种双极板材料的优缺点,提出了双极板材料的发展方向.     

石墨/聚合物复合材料双极板的研究进展

评述了采用石墨/聚合物复合材料制备质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的研究进展,主要分析了原材料、制作工艺对复合材料电导率、力学强度等性能的影响,并介绍了赋予此类双极板内增湿功能的研究概况,预示了燃料电池用双极板的发展方向.     

质子交换膜燃料电池双极板材料研究进展

质子交换膜燃料电池具有高效环保、使用寿命长、操作温度低等特点,发展前景广阔。双极板作为质子交换膜燃料电池的核心部件,对其总体性能、使用寿命影响巨大,因此制备高效率、低成本的双极板对推进其商业化应用具有重要意义。综述了质子交换膜燃料电池双极板材料及其表面改性的研究进展,并展望了这些材料的未来发展趋势。     

质子交换膜燃料电池双极板研究进展

双极板是质子交换膜燃料电池的关键部件之一,在燃料电池中主要起分隔氧化剂与还原剂,使生成的水顺利排出,分隔电池堆中的每个电池和收集输送电流的作用.质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的成本与性能对推进燃料电池的产业化进程有很大影响.双极板材料主要有无孔石墨材料、金属或合金材料以及各种复合材料,针对这些双极板材料的优缺点进行了比较.流场设计目前采用较多的是蛇形流场,其它的还有网格状流场、叉指形和肺形等.     

PEMFC聚合物/填料复合材料双极板的研究进展

质子交换膜燃料电池具有高效环保、经济安全、比能量和比功率高、启动快、寿命长等优点,受到各国政府和大公司的广泛关注。双极板是质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的关键部件之一,直接影响到电池组的性能和成本,降低双极板的成本已经成为PEMFC产业化的关键因素之一。综述了聚合物/填料复合材料双极板的研究进展,介绍了聚合物/石墨,聚合物/中间相碳微球(MCMB),聚合物/其它填料等聚合物/填料复合材料双极板原料及制备方法,并提出了燃料电池双极板的发展趋势。目前,聚合物/填料双极板的研究重点是选用合适的高分子聚合物和导电填料,改善复合时聚合物和填料的加工性能,在导电填料尽可能少的情况下,保证双极板的高导电性和力学强度等。     

质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的研究进展

评述了质子交换膜燃料电池的几种双极板的研究情况，重点介绍了机加工石墨板．金属涂装板和复合板，根据它们的制备工艺，评价了它们的优、缺点以及在燃料电池上的潜在使垌能力和性能，预示了燃料电池用双极板的定展方向。     

质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的研究

双极板是质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的关键部件之一,直接影响到电池组的性能和成本。如何选用新材料及其工艺制备技术,大幅降低材料加工成本,是目前急需解决的关键问题之一,为此介绍了一种新型的低成本制备高性能双极板的方法。     

焊膏SnAgCu焊锡微粉在有机酸溶液中的腐蚀与防护

电子产品多用焊膏焊接,其黏度稳定性常受某些酸性物质的腐蚀而下降,进而导致可焊性下降.研究了SnAgCu无铅焊锡微粉在0.1 mol/L 乙二酸水溶液和0.1 mol/L 乙二酸乙醇溶液中的常温腐蚀行为,以及添加16 mmol/L 缓蚀剂苯并三唑(BTA)对其腐蚀行为的影响,并对微粉的腐蚀与缓蚀机制进行了分析.结果表明:焊锡微粉在乙二酸水溶液中的腐蚀程度比在同浓度的乙二酸乙醇溶液中更为严重,且在乙二酸水溶液中微粉表面出现大量均匀分布的腐蚀沟槽,而在乙二酸乙醇溶液中只有少量点蚀痕迹;微粉表面的富锡相易被腐蚀;焊膏中加入BTA对焊锡微粉有良好的缓蚀保护作用,由此使焊膏黏度的稳定性得到保证.     

羟烷基酰胺固化聚酯粉末涂层在海洋环境中的腐蚀行为

采用CASS实验、浸泡实验、交流阻抗和扫描开尔文研究羟烷基酰胺固化聚酯粉末涂层缺陷在海洋环境中的腐蚀行为和机制。结果表明:羟烷基酰胺固化聚酯粉末涂层经240hCASS实验后划痕边沿有少量起泡,最大单边腐蚀宽度小于0.5mm,表面附着力为0级;EIS图谱显示涂层下铝合金在0.6mol/L NaCl溶液中的腐蚀速率随浸泡时间的延长不断降低并逐渐趋于稳定;扫描开尔文图谱显示聚酯粉末涂层下金属的腐蚀沿划痕处不断向涂层两侧扩散,其阳极和阴极交替变化,导致涂层下腐蚀面积扩大。     

应用桥联模型预测复合材料吸湿老化剩余强度

采用试验与理论相结合的方法, 研究了玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的吸湿老化剩余强度, 测试了基体的吸湿性能, 对老化前后基体、 纤维及其复合材料的拉伸性能进行了试验研究。根据纤维和基体性能测试数据, 应用桥联模型计算了复合材料的吸湿老化剩余强度, 计算结果与试验结果一致。结果显示: 在小吸湿率条件下, 利用桥联模型能够准确预测复合材料的破坏演化规律及其最大剩余强度。当主承力层破坏由纤维控制时, 由湿老化引起的纤维强度的下降直接导致复合材料最大拉伸强度的下降; 当破坏由基体控制时, 影响复合材料吸湿剩余强度的主要因素是基体硬化及强度的下降。较小吸湿率对纤维与基体的界面粘结强度影响有限, 界面破坏不是层合板破坏的主要因素。      

电沉积Ni-W合金在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为

通过电沉积的方法制备了Ni-W晶态合金与Ni-W非晶态合金.采用极化曲线与电化学阻抗谱测试了Ni-W合金在0.5mol/L NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为.结果表明,Ni-W非晶态合金在0.5mol/L NaCl溶液中的极化曲线与Ni-W晶态合金相比,腐蚀电位较正,且钝化区间明显.Ni-W非晶态合金在0.5mol/L NaCl溶液中的电化学阻抗谱容抗弧半径远远大于Ni-W晶态合金,并且随着浸泡时间的延长Ni-W非晶态合金的表面生成一层钝化膜,容抗弧半径变化较小,而Ni-W晶态合金的容抗弧半径随浸泡时间的延长而越来越小,表面腐蚀越来越严重.总体来说,Ni-W非晶态合金的耐蚀性能要远远优于Ni-W晶态合金.     

AM60镁合金在侵蚀性溶液中的电化学阻抗分形(英文)

研究了AM60镁合金在0.1 mol/L NaCl,Na2SO4和饱和Mg(OH)2溶液中浸泡96小时的电化学阻抗谱(Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,EIS)行为。溶液中含有Cl-时,阻抗谱呈现高中频两个容抗弧和低频感抗成分,且低频感抗组分在浸泡36小时后消失。AM60浸泡在Na2SO4溶液中具有类似的电化学阻抗行为,区别在于低频弛豫过程和容抗大小。相比于Cl-离子,SO42-离子具有相对较弱的腐蚀进攻能力。在饱和Mg(OH)2溶液中,由于Mg(OH)2弱水解有效抑制了阴阳极反应(极化曲线结果),EIS谱图仅有中高频两个容抗弧,没有对应孔核形成和消失的低频感抗行为。由于高频容抗弧对应AM60原表面的双电层信息,其弥散系数n、分形维数DE可以获取腐蚀过程中的细节信息。阻抗分形维数DE随时间的变化曲线结果表明Cl-具有最强的腐蚀进攻性,同时也具有再钝化效应,以修复由于Cl-进攻形成的孔核。SO42-离子腐蚀进攻性相对较弱,且没有再钝化现象。饱和Mg(OH)2溶液中DE的增加主要是由于不溶性Mg(OH)2沉积吸附在镁合金表面,增加表面的粗糙度。     

Effect of Ag content on the microstructure development of Sn-Ag-Cu interconnects

The impact of the Ag content on the microstructure development of the Sn-xAg-Cu (x= 0.0, 1.2, 2.6, 3.0, 3.5 and 3.9) interconnects was studied in detail by using surface microetching microscopy, cross section microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and shear test. The thermal treatment was realized by conducting isothermal aging (150 ^∘C/1000 hrs). i) Ag content had a clear effect on the interconnect microstructure evolution. ii) Ag₃Sn intermetallic compound (IMC) plates were sophisticated microtextures with various morphologies and the basic microstructure of the Ag₃Sn plates had a morphology of a strengthened fan. iii) The Ag₃Sn plates grew in central symmetry. iv) The Cu-Sn IMC microstructures were also influenced by the Ag content, but to a lesser degree. iv) The occurrence of the Ag₃Sn plates did not exactly follow the trend of Ag content increase, but was governed more by the alloy undercooling. For the given Cu content, the undercooling of the alloy groups demonstrated a quasi-parabolic behavior with a minimum apex. vi) After aging, there were size recession and sharp edge smoothening for the Ag₃Sn plates after aging. These phenomena are explained by edge spheroidization and cylinderization of the Ag₃Sn plates during the aging. vii) The corresponding macro-mechanical performance of the LF interconnects did not degrade after the aging, independent to the Ag content.     

Enhanced localized and uniform corrosion resistances of bulk nanocrystalline 304 stainless steel in high-concentration hydrochloric acid solutions at room temperature

The localized and uniform corrosion resistances of bulk nanocrystalline 304 stainless steel (NC-304SS) produced by severe rolling technique, and its conventional polycrystalline 304 stainless steel (CC-304SS) counterpart, were investigated in high-concentration hydrochloric acid solutions at room temperature. NC-304SS can scarcely suffer from localized corrosion in 4 mol/L and 5 mol/L HCl solutions during 5-day immersion tests, and in 1–3 mol/L HCl solutions during thirty-five-day immersion tests. The corrosion rate of NC-304SS was also less than that of CC-304SS during these immersion tests. The improved localized and uniform corrosion resistances of NC-304SS were explained in terms of the adsorption and chemical activity of Cl^? on NC-304SS and CC-304SS characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the valence electron configurations of NC-304SS and CC-304SS were characterized by ultra-violet photoelectron spectroscopy rather than conventional electrochemical results.     

用离子交换薄层色谱法定量测定铝合金中的镁

叙述了用离子交换薄层色谱法(TLC)定量测定铝合金中的镁。色谱板用不同比例的苯酚甲醛IRP-69(H~+态强酸阳离子交换体)与微晶纤维素混合物敷涂。0.5～2.0mol/L的HCl和HNO_3溶液分别用作显像剂。色谱图用8-羟基喹啉乙酸溶液喷雾和Camag Turner荧光计111扫描斑点得到。铝和镁在含23％的离子交换体(颗粒大<60μm)和1.25mol/L HCl的TLC板上得到理想的分离。R_f(Al)=0.12,R_f(Mg)=0.41。     

Electrochemical characteristics of pipeline-steel with planar-defect epoxy-coating in simulated solutions of Ku'erle soil

An X70 pipeline steel and a low-carbon steel with different types of coating defects were studied using corrosion tests in Ku’erle simulated soil solution containing 0.6000 mol/L Cl^-. Electrochemical characteristics of the X70 pipeline steel with planar-defect epoxy-coating in simulated solutions of Ku’erle soil were tested. The results show that in 0.6000 mol/L Cl^- simulated solution, for low-carbon steel with coating defects (the area ratio is 4.91%), at free corrosion potential and with immersion time, the corrosion with disbond was more severe than that with a break or with break and disbond. In Ku’erle soil simulated solution, when the coating defect area ratio was increased gradually (0.39% → 1.57% → 6.28%), the corrosion of the X70 steel under coating with break was promoted gradually, and the influence of immersion time on the corrosion decreased. The influence of the immersion time on the corrosion was weakened when the defect area ratio increased to a certain degree.     

On-column coaxial flow chemiluminescence detection for underivatized amino acids by pressurized capillary electrochromatography using a monolithic column

A new method for pressurized capillary electrochromatography (pCEC) coupling with chemiluminescence (CL) detection using a modified on-column coaxial flow detection interface was developed. To evaluate the feasibility and reliability of the experimental setup, the typical CL compounds luminol and isoluminol were separated and detected by using this pCEC-CL system. A detailed investigation of CL detection interface and postcolumn CL reagent flow rate parameters was described. The excellent resolution and detection sensitivity was achieved by using 3-microm ODS-C18 packed column with 30% ACN (v/v), 5 mmol/L phosphate buffer (pH 8.0). Moreover, with the presence of Co(II) (1.0 x 10(-4) mol/L) in the mobile phase, the linear range of the concentration for luminol was 2.0 x 10(-9)-2.0 x 10(-6) mol/L with a detection limit (S/N = 3) of 2.0 x 10(-10) mol/L, and 2.5 x 10(4) theoretical plates was achieved. In addition, separation and detection of the underivatized amino acids (l-threonine and l-tyrosine) were accomplished by using a polymerized monolithic column based on the principle of the luminol-H2O2-Cu(II)-amino acid CL system. Under the optimum conditions, the mixture of amino acids was efficiently separated with satisfactory results.