基于Simulink的太赫兹SAR成像算法仿真

高分辨成像是合成孔径雷达的主要功能之一。为对即将搭建的某多频段复用太赫兹雷达成像系统进行验证,以距离徙动算法为例,用Matlab/Simulink对一个载频675 GHz、带宽20 GHz的太赫兹雷达系统进行了二维成像仿真,设计了基于 Simulink 的回波生成、距离压缩和快速傅里叶变换等模块,得到了高分辨率的目标二维像。仿真结果与设计的目标和场景一致,验证了仿真系统的正确性。最后对仿真结果存在问题进行了改进和分析。     

频率步进太赫兹雷达的一维高分辨距离像

频率步进信号是一种较常用的距离分辨力高的雷达信号,常用于雷达的目标识别,而太赫兹波比微波信号波长短,更易于实现距离高分辨力。利用0.2 THz步进频率太赫兹雷达实现了高分辨一维距离像,分析了步进频率雷达系统中一维高分辨力距离像的成像原理,对0.2 THz步进频率雷达系统进行了介绍,最后,用Matlab对太赫兹雷达高分辨力进行了仿真,仿真结果表明,频率步进太赫兹雷达对静止目标达到了厘米级的高分辨力,而对于运动目标存在距离发散和耦合时移,速度越大,失真越大。     

双通道太赫兹成像雷达研究

介绍了一种具有双接收通道的太赫兹成像雷达,雷达工作频率为216 GHz,系统设计中,采用直接数字式频率合成器以及频率综合等方式,产生具有800 MHz 带宽的Ku 波段线性调频连续波信号,功分后分别与两个点频信号进行混频,产生36 GHz依400 MHz 的射频信号以及35. 95 GHz依400 MHz 的本振信号,分别驱动太赫兹发射机和接收机。本振信号功分两路,送入两个接收机,接收采用去斜接收体制,从而降低数据率。该雷达采用了6 倍频太赫兹发射模块,最终产生系统带宽为4. 8 GHz,从而获得3 cm 的距离分辨率。文中还重点研究了宽带系统标校,并开展了高分辨逆合成孔径成像实验,为后续太赫兹干涉合成孔径成像雷达研究奠定基础。     

太赫兹雷达直升机旋翼目标微动特性研究

直升机旋翼微动形成的微多普勒特征对于战场环境下直升机目标探测识别具有重要意义,掌握直升机旋翼的微动特性是雷达目标辨识的前提。太赫兹雷达波长短,多普勒效应显著,迫切需要掌握太赫兹频段旋翼目标微动特性。首先对偶数叶片和奇数叶片的螺旋桨目标进行建模,分别使用微波波段(3 GHz)与太赫兹波段(120 GHz,220 GHz)雷达对目标进行仿真分析,并从目标的回波信号特征出发提取多普勒频移信息,利用短时傅里叶变换进行时频分析,对比分析目标与雷达参数对其多普勒效应的影响及调制关系。仿真结果表明：在转速、视角以及直升机叶片长度均相同的情况下,太赫兹频段下的微多普勒效应比微波频段显著增强,多普勒曲线也更加清晰,叶片细节更加丰富。应用太赫兹雷达提取微多普勒信息能够为直升机目标识别提供重要特征。     

太赫兹雷达技术研究进展

与微波雷达和红外探测器相比,太赫兹技术应用于雷达将带来高距离分辨率、强穿透力、低截获率与强抗干扰能力等众多优势,是目前太赫兹技术的主要应用方向之一。在分析太赫兹雷达特点与优势的基础上,介绍了目前主要太赫兹雷达系统的研究与进展情况,并进一步对太赫兹雷达涉及的目标散射特性技术研究与成像技术研究进行了进展回顾与评述,由此指出了太赫兹雷达研究中的一些关键技术与主要研究内容。结合太赫兹雷达在空间目标探测与反导拦截中的应用,仿真分析了太赫兹拦截导引头的关键性能指标,为太赫兹雷达技术的应用发展提供参考与借鉴。     

太赫兹雷达RCS测量中的分时定标技术

太赫兹频段的目标散射特性测量技术是当前太赫兹雷达的重要研究方向,其中系统定标技术决定了雷达散射截面积(RCS)测量结果的准确性。使用基于微波倍频源的太赫兹宽带雷达目标散射特性测量系统,该系统由微波源经倍频后,中心频率达到440 GHz,带宽达25.6 GHz。利用光滑表面金属球为标准体,采用分时定标技术对太赫兹雷达系统进行定标,再对金属材质的战斗机模型和吉普车模型进行近场RCS测量实验,获得以上2种典型人造目标的近场RCS测量结果。测试结果与理论趋势符合良好,证明了太赫兹雷达系统RCS测量中分时定标技术的有效性。     

基于高频电磁计算数据的太赫兹雷达高分辨成像研究

为揭示太赫兹频段雷达目标散射特性,基于高频电磁计算数据研究了太赫兹雷达高分辨成像方法.考虑到传统三维雷达成像面临的大数据量问题,提出了一种成像结果类光学图像的高分辨成像方法——方位/俯仰成像方法,通过推导其点扩展函数分析了该方法在高分辨率与散射点识别方面的优势.基于电磁计算数据的仿真与分析表,高频计算方法可以快速准确计算太赫兹频段理想导体目标RCS,高分辨成像结果可以分辨目标亚波长量级的细微结构特征.因此太赫兹雷达成像技术可获取目标更加丰富和精细的信息,为目标识别带来益处.     

220 GHz太赫兹合成孔径雷达

针对复杂战场环境实时侦察的需求,介绍了一种220 GHz太赫兹合成孔径雷达(SAR),重点研究了雷达系统设计、宽带信号补偿和SAR成像实验。雷达信号采用线性调频连续波模式,中心频率为216 GHz,带宽为4.8 GHz,采用去斜处理体制,完成了宽带一维距离像实验和SAR成像实验。实验结果表明雷达成像分辨力达到了3 cm。     

基于高频电磁计算数据的太赫兹雷达高分辨成像研究（英文）

为揭示太赫兹频段雷达目标散射特性,基于高频电磁计算数据研究了太赫兹雷达高分辨成像方法.考虑到传统三维雷达成像面临的大数据量问题,提出了一种成像结果类光学图像的高分辨成像方法——方位/俯仰成像方法,通过推导其点扩展函数分析了该方法在高分辨率与散射点识别方面的优势.基于电磁计算数据的仿真与分析表,高频计算方法可以快速准确计算太赫兹频段理想导体目标RCS,高分辨成像结果可以分辨目标亚波长量级的细微结构特征.因此太赫兹雷达成像技术可获取目标更加丰富和精细的信息,为目标识别带来益处.     

太赫兹雷达目标HRRP特性分析

太赫兹由于其穿透性强、大带宽等优势,在雷达信号处理领域受到了广泛的关注。同时,高分辨率距离像（High Resolution Range Profiles, HRRP）在目标检测、识别以及成像等领域具有很高的应用价值,但是,针对太赫兹频段目标HRRP特性的研究却较少。本文首先从确定信号模型对太赫兹频段目标HRRP的方位角敏感性进行了研究,并利用协方差矩阵的主特征向量提取其平均HRRP,从而达到抑制目标HRRP方位角敏感性的目的。另外,根据距离单元中散射点的不同分布,对太赫兹雷达目标HRRP距离单元进行分类,并分别使用瑞利模型、赖斯模型以及混合分布模型进行统计建模。之后,使用对数积累量方法（Method of Log Cumulants, MoLC）和基于字典的随机最大期望（Dictionary based Stochastic Expectation Maximization, DSEM）算法对上述模型的参数进行估计。最后,利用研制的太赫兹高分辨率雷达系统开展了不同带宽下的复杂目标HRRP特性实验,实验结果表明,太赫兹频段下目标平均HRRP与HRRP帧内其他HRRP的相关系数高于单个HRRP,同时,对于高分辨率下的目标HRRP距离单元统计特性,可以使用混合分布模型对其进行建模。      

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.