非理想条件下的电网同步锁相技术

针对电网电压存在扰动时传统同步坐标系锁相环存在的不足,提出一种新型电网电压同步方法。文章首先详细分析了影响同步坐标系锁相环锁相精度的电网电压扰动因素,在此基础上提出一种新型多静止参考坐标系解耦软件锁相环,该方法能够在多静止坐标系内有效地将电网电压基波分量同扰动分量分离并锁相,因此其相位跟踪结果不受电网电压不平衡、畸变、直流偏置等因素影响,响应速度快,锁相准确。仿真和实验结果验证了所提出方法的正确性和可行性。     

非理想电网下基于双d-q变换的锁相环设计

针对传统的单同步坐标锁相环(SSRF-SPLL)在非理想电网条件下存在检测相位和幅值不准确的问题,此处提出多陷波器级联的双同步坐标系解耦软件锁相环(DDSRF-SPLL),通过多个陷波器级联环节滤除电网背景谐波,通过双同步坐标系解耦滤波环节提取电网正负序分量。该方案可以快速准确地输出电网电压的相位、频率和正负序分量。仿真和实验结果验证了所提锁相环(PLL)在电压理想工况、不平衡工况、基波非工频工况和电压有背景谐波工况的有效性。     

抑制电网谐波和直流电压的新型锁相环研究

针对在电网电压含多次谐波和直流电压时解耦双同步参考坐标系锁相环(DDSRF-PLL)对频率和相位锁定存在较大偏差,本文提出一种新型锁相环,该锁相环在dq信号正负序解耦前添加新型正交信号发生器(SOGI-QSG)来滤除谐波和直流电压,为解耦双同步参考坐标系锁相环提供稳定的αβ信号,从而提高锁相环抑制谐波和直流电压能力。对该锁相环Matlab/Simulink仿真研究并与解耦双同步参考坐标系锁相环和添加传统正交信号发生器的解耦双同步参考坐标系锁相环进行对比,验证了该锁相环在电网电压含多次谐波和直流电压时能够滤除电压谐波和直流电压,锁频锁相效果较好,有效提高了系统稳定性和可靠性。     

谐波畸变电网下的单相同步旋转坐标系锁相环

锁相环技术是并网变流器的核心技术之一。针对传统单相同步旋转坐标系锁相环在畸变电网下锁相精度差的问题,提出一种基于离散傅里叶变换(DFT)的高精度锁相环技术。基于DFT的锁相技术的核心问题是如何准确获取电网频率,将DFT和单相同步旋转坐标系锁相环相结合,利用DFT的优异选择性滤波性能和相角变换性质,从畸变电网信号中准确提取基波和生成虚拟正交信号,在同步旋转坐标系提取电网频率,实现DFT的频率自适应,最终无静差、高精度跟踪电网相位。仿真和实验结果表明,所提出的锁相环对电网电压的畸变谐波、直流偏置误差和电网频率脉动等有很好的适应性,在各种电网条件下,均能准确地跟踪电网电压相位,验证了该锁相方法的有效性和优越性。     

解耦多同步参考坐标系电网电压同步信号检测方法

在新能源发电并网中,并网变换器需根据电网运行状态实施相应的控制以保证其安全可靠运行。需要对电网电压的频率和相位实现快速准确的检测,同时还需要为变流器的并网运行提取出正负序分量。本文针对解耦双同步参考坐标系锁相环在谐波情况下频率检测结果和同步效果差的问题,提出了一种解耦多同步参考坐标系电网电压同步信号检测方法。该方法通过正负序dq轴系以及低次谐波的dq轴系分解,实现了多轴系dq分量的解耦,可以在电网电压不对称和含有谐波分量的情况下,快速提取出电网电压的频率和相位信息,同时还可得到正负序分量的dq轴变换结果。实验结果表明提出的方法在电网电压不对称、频率变化和含有多次谐波情况下均具有很好的同步效果。     

基于解耦的双同步坐标系的三相锁相环设计

快速准确地跟踪电网电压是并网变换器稳定运行的保障。针对传统锁相环在电网电压畸变或不平衡下,不能实时并精确检测出基波正序分量幅值和相位的问题,提出了一种基于解耦的双同步坐标系(DDSRF)的三相锁相环设计方法,该方法通过引入解耦的双同步坐标系分离出基波正序分量,实现了基波正序分量的精确检测。仿真结果表明该三相锁相环能够在电网不平衡和畸变时快速准确地检测出电网电压基波正序分量的幅值和相位。     

基于改进DSOGI-FLL的并网变流器多谐振解耦网络同步方法

电网电压基频正序分量相位和幅值的准确检测是三相并网变流器稳定运行的重要保证。针对传统单同步旋转坐标系锁相环在畸变或不平衡电网下锁相精度低的问题,文中利用双二阶广义积分器锁频环(DSOGI-FLL)设计了一种多谐振解耦网络的电网同步方法。首先,分析了二阶广义积分器锁频环自适应提取电网电压基波和频率的原理;其次,详细分析了不平衡电网下DSOGIFLL的锁频响应特性,提出将负序电压分量考虑在内的增益标准化线性模型,以提升其在不平衡电网下的锁频性能;然后,设计了以DSOGI-FLL为基础的多二阶广义积分器谐振解耦网络,实现畸变及不平衡电网下基波电压信息的准确获取。仿真与实验表明,该方法在电网电压畸变或不平衡情况下均能准确获取电网电压基频正序分量的相位和幅值信息。     

一种嵌入重复控制内模的三相锁相环的设计与实现

作为分布式并网发电系统众多关键技术之一的电网同步锁相技术一直是国内外研究的热点。针对现有锁相环算法需要级联无穷个滤波器(或调节器)才能完全抑制电网谐波这一问题,提出了一种嵌入重复控制内模的锁相环方法。利用重复控制内模在电网基波频率及各次谐波频率处产生谐振尖峰这一特性,结合交叉解耦复数滤波器能分离电网基波正负序的特点,设计了一种能够完全消除谐波的正负序分量提取结构,分离出的纯净正序分量经过基本的同步坐标系锁相环能提取出频率、相位等信息。最后通过Matlab/Simulink仿真和相关实验在电网电压畸变、不平衡情况下对所提锁相环方法进行了测试,结果验证了该方法的正确性和有效性。     

电网电压畸变下的频率自适应锁相技术

针对解耦双同步参考坐标系锁相环DDSRF-PLL(decoupled double synchronous reference frame phaselocked loop)在电网电压畸变时锁相存在较大偏差问题,提出一种频率自适应锁相技术。首先设计了一种用于滤除电网多次谐波和直流电压的新型基于二阶广义积分器的正交信号发生器NSOGI-QSG(novel second order generalized integrator-quadrature signal generator),在此基础上提出一种将NSOGI-QSG与DDSRF-PLL结合的频率自适应锁相环,利用NSOGI-QSG形成频率自适应滤波器和直流控制器,有效实现频率自适应和畸变电压滤波,为解耦双同步参考坐标系锁相环提供稳定的正交信号,从而提高锁相环抑制电网电压畸变的能力。理论分析和仿真结果验证了该方法的正确性和有效性。     

PWM整流器无锁相环不平衡控制策略研究

电网电压不平衡时,基于同步旋转坐标系的传统控制策略从六个功率分量中选取四个分量计算指令电流,导致剩余两个功率分量不受控。针对此问题,在两相静止坐标系下建立了基于扩展无功功率理论的瞬时功率模型,该模型利用四个功率分量计算四个静止坐标系下的指令电流,同时控制有功和无功功率的平均值及二次波动量。该方法省去了Park变换和锁相环,降低了系统的复杂程度,提高了系统的动态响应速度。以三相电压型PWM整流器为控制对象,进行了仿真和实验验证,结果表明所提出的方法能够抑制直流侧电压的二次波动并实现单位功率因数运行。     

Three-phase grid voltage synchronization using sinusoidal amplitude integrator in synchronous reference frame

Synchronization with the grid voltage is critical in the control of grid-connected power converters. Under unbalanced grid condition, the conventional synchronous reference frame phase-locked loop (SRF-PLL) does not work well due to the effect of the fundamental negative sequence component. This paper proposes a new synchronization method, the sinusoidal amplitude integrator based phase locked loop (SAI-based PLL), to efficiently eradicate the effect of the fundamental negative sequence component. As a result, it can accurately and quickly estimate the amplitude and phase angle of the fundamental components of grid voltages in unbalanced grid conditions. In addition, when dc offset and harmonics are contained in the grid voltage, a multi-SAI-based PLL method is developed to extract the synchronization signal. The proposed SAI-based PLL incorporates the sinusoidal amplitude integrator into the conventional SRF-PLL. Its operation is analyzed using the complex-vector notation. Simulation and experimental results on the performance of the proposed SAI-based PLL and comparison with other synchronization methods are presented.     

电网基波无静差正交正弦波观测技术

快速准确地获取电网相位、频率等信息,对并网逆变器控制具有重要意义。在单相并网系统中,由于缺少与电网电压相互正交的正弦量,无法直接构建基于同步旋转坐标系的同步锁相环来获取电网相位信息。对此,提出一种无静差的正交正弦波观测器技术,可以无静差地提取电网基波和与电网基波相互正交的正弦量,并以此构建单相同步锁相环,实验验证了该方法的有效性。     

弱电网下考虑锁相环影响的并网逆变器改进控制方法

由于电网阻抗的存在,并网逆变器的控制系统与电网阻抗相互耦合,弱电网条件会影响并网逆变器的稳定性。并网逆变器控制系统中通常使用锁相环来获取电网同步信息,其动态特性是影响系统稳定运行的关键因素。分析弱电网情况下锁相环输出对系统稳定性的影响,在此基础上提出一种提高系统稳定性的控制方法。在同步旋转坐标系下建立了包括电流环、锁相环和滤波器等环节的三相并网变换器阻抗模型,分析不同电网阻抗和锁相环带宽与并网逆变器稳定性的内在联系。结合阻抗模型中系统电压通过锁相环对电流环的影响,提出一种改进的前馈控制方法来减小锁相环输出影响,前馈环节中包括系统电压、锁相环动态特性和滤波器等环节。分析表明,改进的控制方法能够有效提高并网逆变器在弱电网条件下运行的稳定性。实验证明了所提方法的正确性。     

基于希尔伯特变换的暂态信号正弦表示分析方法

为了分析电力系统暂态信号特性和计算暂态信号导数,依据采样信号拟合暂态信号函数表达式是一种可行方法,但现有的暂态信号拟合方法还存在拟合函数确定性和可导性方面的不足.针对这一问题,提出了一种基于希尔伯特变换的电力系统暂态信号正弦表示分析方法,采用暂态信号的正弦表示构成拟合基函数,利用希尔伯特变换以满足拟合函数的确定性.与现...     

Compensation method of phase‐locked loop under unbalanced grid condition based on harmonic linearization

The voltage source converter (VSC) is often faced with unbalanced grid conditions that will degrade its performance because of the distorted current with a large amount of harmonics. One of the main parts of current distortion is the third‐order harmonics caused by the negative‐sequence voltage component at the fundamental frequency. The distorted output of the synchronous reference frame phase‐locked loop (SRF‐PLL) due to the unbalanced grid voltage is the main reason for the existence of the harmonics. This paper analyzes the mechanism of the generation of harmonics currents and proposes a compensation method for the PLL in VSCs based on the harmonic linearization method without changing the structure of SRF‐PLL. The proposed PLL can work properly under unbalanced grid conditions and has a good dynamic response. The third‐order current harmonics are reduced significantly by using the proposed PLL instead of the conventional SRF‐PLL without changing the current control strategy of VSC. The compensation method is verified by cycle‐by‐cycle circuit simulations and controller hardware‐in‐the‐loop experiments.     

Transient synchronous stability analysis and enhancement control strategy of a PLL-based VSC system during asymmetric grid faults

The stability of a voltage source converters (VSC) system based on phase-locked loop (PLL) is very important issue during asymmetric grid faults. This paper establishes a transient synchronous stability model of a dual-sequence PLL-based VSC system during low voltage ride-through by referring to the equivalent rotor swing equation of synchronous generators. Based on the model, the synchronization characteristics of the VSC system under asymmetric grid faults are described, and the interaction mechanisms, as well as the transient instability phenomena of positive and negative sequence PLL during asymmetric faults are explained. Using the equal area criterion, the infuences of sequence control switching action, detection delay, and interaction between the positive and negative sequence PLL on the transient synchronous stability of the VSC system are analyzed, respectively. In addition, a transient stability assessment criterion based on the critical fault clearance angle and time and an enhancement control strategy based on the improved positive and negative sequence PLL are proposed. Finally, the analytical results are validated through simulation and experiments.     

Stabilization of a Power System Including Inverter‐Type Distributed Generators by a Virtual Synchronous Generator

The capacity of distributed generators (DGs) connected to the grid by inverters is growing year after year. The inverters are generally controlled by a phase locked loop (PLL) in order to achieve synchronization with the power system frequency. Power systems may become unstable as the capacity of the inverter‐type DGs continues to increase, because the inverter frequency is controlled just to follow the frequency determined by other synchronous generators. It has been suggested that inverters be controlled to behave like a synchronous generator. This concept is referred to as the virtual synchronous generator (VSG). In this paper, a control scheme for a VSG is presented, and the design method for the required energy storage and the capacity for grid stabilization control by a VSG is investigated by computer simulations.