加载速率对CA砂浆抗压强度的影响

CA砂浆中沥青的大量存在使得其力学性能具有较强的时间依赖性.首先研究了CA砂浆抗压强度在不同加载速率下的变化规律及沥青乳液与水泥的相对质量比、砂的细度模数与外掺料硅灰(SF)和橡胶粉(CR)对CA砂浆抗压强度时间依赖性的影响.结果表明:CA砂浆的抗压强度随加载速率的升高呈增加趋势,沥青的相对含量越低,增加趋势越明显;砂的细度模数越小,CA砂浆的抗压强度对加载速率的稳定性越好,但同时会导致CA砂浆的流动性损失过大.SF和CR对CA砂浆表现出的时间依赖性有不同程度的改善作用.同时提出了沥青在CA砂浆中的理想分布模型,对其力学性能的时间依赖性进行了解释.     

基于混凝土塑性损伤模型的轨道板损伤规律

基于混凝土塑性损伤模型,建立CRTS Ⅰ型轨道板损伤分布计算模型,将Tekscan传感器测得的钢轨支点压力作为荷载输入,以轨道板竖向位移及拉伸损伤因子作为评价指标,分析客货共线条件下水泥乳化沥青（CA）砂浆离缝状态时锚穴周边轨道板上表面混凝土的内部损伤规律. 结果表明：随着离缝长度的不断扩展,损伤产生及完全损伤的临界离缝高度均逐渐变小;当离缝长度扩展至第2、3锚穴时,客车荷载下损伤产生的临界离缝高度分别约为0.8、1.0 mm,货车荷载下约为0.5、0.8 mm;一旦超出损伤产生的临界离缝高度,由于轨道板损伤的发展,轨道结构整体抗弯刚度迅速降低导致板端竖向位移迅速增大;对于客车荷载,当离缝扩展至第3锚穴且高度大于1.0 mm后,CA砂浆形成脱空,板端位移不再增长,对于货车荷载,当离缝扩展至第3锚穴且高度大于1.3 mm后,由于二次损伤带的产生,板端竖向位移随离缝高度的增大迅速增大.     

Temperature-induced deformation of CRTS II slab track and its effect on track dynamical properties

Two finite-element models of the CRTS II slab track are presented to simulate temperature-induced deformations of the concrete track slab with no deterioration or with a deteriorated cement asphalt mortar(CAM).One model,which considers the fully bonding interface between the slab and the CAM layer,could applied to a track that is in good condition;the other model uses cohesive zone elements to simulate the deteriorated CAM with some possible interfacial separation and slip.Utilizing both of the models,temperature-induced warp deformations of track under various temperature loads are investigated.The influence of temperature deformation on the dynamic properties of the track is analyzed based on the train-track coupled dynamics.Numerical results show that the deteriorated CAM layer can significantly increase temperature deformations of a CRTS II track slab,which would produce tiny rail irregularities.There are clear differences between the deformation shapes of the track slabs that have an inseparable mortar layer and those have a separable mortar layer.The track slab with a deteriorated mortar layer showed more open curl distortion than the track slab in good condition.The dynamical response index of the slab track is intensified to a certain level due to the temperature deformation;with an increase of the train speed,the track dynamical responses increased linearly.However,rail irregularities due to the temperature deformations are very tiny.Even if a track is exposed to extreme temperature loads and the mortar layer is deteriorated,temperature deformation can have a negligible effect on the track’s dynamical properties.     

CA砂浆的流变特性

CA砂浆是应用在板式轨道结构中的一种新型有机无机复合灌浆材料,其流变性能直接决定CA砂浆的灌注效果.通过流变仪研究了新拌CA浆体的瞬态与稳态流变特性及其影响因素.结果表明,CA浆体属于非牛顿流体,表现在低剪切速率时,CA浆体的粘度随时间先减小后增大;中高剪切速率时,其粘度先随时间减小后趋于稳定.在绝对水灰比固定条件下,随着沥青乳液与水泥质量比、硅灰和流变助剂掺量的增大,CA浆体的粘度增加;随着粉煤灰掺量的增加,CA浆体粘度略有降低.     

高速铁路双块式无砟轨道车辆荷载动态传递特征

为研究车辆荷载在无砟轨道中的传递特征,建立车辆-双块式无砟轨道耦合动力学模型,对车辆荷载在无砟轨道主体结构内的动应力和振动加速度传递规律进行研究,并对行车速度、结构尺寸及层间接触状态等影响因素进行分析. 结果表明:车辆荷载的主承载区分布在道床板内,垂向动应力峰值在0.1 m深度之内衰减73%;车辆荷载的主振动区主要分布在道床板内并传递至支承层,垂向加速度峰值在0.1 m深度之内衰减89%;轨道结构动态受力及振动响应均随行车速度的增加而增大;适当减少轨道结构宽度,对其受力和振动特性影响较小. 无砟轨道结构层间插入隔离层,可减小轮轨动力响应及轨道结构动态受力,但结构层间垂向加速度明显增大,插入弹性层,可减小钢轨垂向加速度,但对轮轨动力响应、道床板和支承层动态受力及振动特性影响较小. 所得结论可为无砟轨道设计和优化提供理论参考.     

高速铁路板式轨道参数与动力特性的研究

运用板式轨道-路基系统半空间垂向耦合的动力计算模型,研究了高速铁路板式轨道的动力特性,探讨了板式轨道的CA砂浆垫层厚度和扣件刚度对系统动力性能的影响规律。扣件、轨下胶垫和CA砂浆层的弹性、阻尼特性对轨道及轨下结构动力性能的影响极大,减少扣件或轨下胶垫的刚度、增加CA砂浆层的厚度,可改善板式轨道的动力学性能。     

CRTSⅡ型无砟轨道CA砂浆开裂风险有限元计算

工程实践表明,CRTSⅡ型无砟轨道CA砂浆在施工早期阶段具有较高的开裂风险,为揭示CA砂浆开裂的规律,采用有限元模拟的手段对CRTSⅡ型无砟轨道CA砂浆的早期收缩开裂风险进行了模拟计算。结果表明:CRTSⅡ型无砟轨道CA砂浆两侧边的开裂风险远高于板中部分,侧边部位CA砂浆早期收缩应力随着龄期发展不断增大,第6d后开裂风险因子首次突破临界值1;氢氧化钙类膨胀剂可以有效延迟CA砂浆开裂的时间;CRTSⅡ型无砟轨道侧边CA砂浆28d干燥收缩率小于120×10-6时,在整个观测期内无开裂风险。研究结果可为我国CRTSⅡ型无砟轨道CA砂浆裂缝的预防与控制提供参考。     

Damage and failure rule of rock undergoing uniaxial compressive load and dynamic load

1INTRODUCTION Naturalrockinlithosphereiscommonlyinthetri dimensionalstressstate,butthatofthewallrockaroundundergroundstructuresisoftentrans formedtouni dimensionalstatewhenundergroundstructureprojectsareputinpracticeororeisminedout.Butwhenthestressstateofrocktrans formsfromhighdimension stolowdimension s,ifcertainconditionsaresatisfied,rockburstwillpos siblyoccur[1].Inordertoinvestigatetherockburstoccurrencemechanism,theuniaxialloadingtestisoftencarriedouttosimulateapproximatelytherockburs…     

Dynamic Mechanical Characteristics and Damage Evolution Model of Granite

By using the technique of the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB),impact tests at different stress wavelengths(0.8-2.0 m) and strain rates (20-120 s-1) were conducted to study the dynamic mechanical properties and damage accumulation evolution law of granite.Test results show that the dynamic compressive strength and strain rate of granite have a significantly exponential correlation;the relationship between peak strain and strain rate is approximately linear,and the increase of wavelengths generally makes the level of peak strain uplift.The multiple-impacts test at a low strain rate indicates that at the same wavelength,the cumulative damage of granite shows an exponential increasing form with the increase of strain rate;when keeping the increase of strain rate constant and increasing the stress wavelength,the damage accumulation effect of granite is intensified and still shows an exponential increasing form;under the effect of multiple impacts,the damage development trend of granite is similar overall,but the increase rate is accelerating.Therefore the damage evolution model was established on the basis of the exponential function while the physical meaning of parameters in the model was determined.The model can reflect the effect of the wave parameters and multiple impacts.The validity of the model and the physical meaning of the parameters were verified by the test,which further offer a reference for correlational research and engineering application for the granite.     

Effect of strain rate and water-to-cement ratio on compressive mechanical behavior of cement mortar

Effects of strain rate and water-to-cement ratio on the dynamic compressive mechanical behavior of cement mortar are investigated by split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) tests. 124 specimens are subjected to dynamic uniaxial compressive loadings.Strain rate sensitivity of the materials is measured in terms of failure modes, stress-strain curves, compressive strength, dynamic increase factor(DIF) and critical strain at peak stress. A significant change in the stress-strain response of the materials with each order of magnitude increase in strain rate is clearly seen from test results. The slope of the stress-strain curve after peak value for low water-to-cement ratio is steeper than that of high water-to-cement ratio mortar. The compressive strength increases with increasing strain rate. With increase in strain rate, the dynamic increase factor(DIF) increases. However, this increase in DIF with increase in strain rate does not appear to be a function of the water-to-cement ratio. The critical compressive strain increases with the strain rate.     

Elastic-plastic seismic response of CRTS II slab ballastless track system on high-speed railway bridges

China railways track structure II (CRTS II) slab ballastless track on bridge is one kind of track structures unique to China. Its main bearing component of longitudinal force is the continuous base plate rather than rail. And the track-bridge interaction is weakened by the sliding layer installed between base plate and bridge deck. In order to study the dynamic response of CRTS II slab ballastless track on bridge under seismic action, a 3D nonlinear dynamic model for simply-supported bridges and CRTS II track was established, which considered structures such as steel rail, fasteners, track plate, mortar layer, base plate, sliding layer, bridge, consolidation, anchors, stoppers, etc. Then its force and deformation features under different intensities of seismic excitation were studied. As revealed, the seismic response of the system increases with the increase of seismic intensity. The peak stresses of rail, track plate and base plate all occur at the abutment or anchors. Both track plate and base plate are about to crack. Besides, the rapid relative displacement between base plate and bridge deck due to the small friction coefficient of sliding layer is beneficial to improve the seismic performance of the system. During the earthquake, a large vertical displacement appears in base plate which leads to frequent collisions between stoppers and base plate, as a result, stoppers may be damaged.     

重载动力荷载下水泥砼路面的力学响应分析

为研究动力荷载下水泥砼动力响应的规律,在修筑的试验路段上,以重型运输车辆为加载设备,通过在混凝土板中埋入应变传感器,获得行驶车辆荷载作用下板内测量应变,分析实际车辆荷载作用下水泥混凝土路面板内的应变状态,对动态多联轴车辆荷载作用下的路面板内的力学响应做初步探讨。     

钢筋混凝土柱式桥墩落石冲击分析方法

为研究落石冲击对钢筋混凝土(RC)桥墩安全性能的影响,建立一种考虑截面抗剪能力率相关性的RC柱式墩崩塌落石撞击损伤状态评价方法.首先,通过与钢筋混凝土梁落锤实验结果对比验证数值模拟方法可靠性,考虑桩基与土层相互作用建立了彻底关大桥下部结构落石撞击有限元模型.其次,以KC模型修正的Priestley公式描述混凝土动载抗剪强度,以剪力破坏参数定义截面损伤等级,分析墩柱截面不同撞击场景下的损伤状态.最后,进行混凝土抗压强度、墩柱截面面积、箍筋间距、墩柱长细比参数敏感性分析.结果表明:全局平均等效静力方法应用于落石撞击荷载静力简化存在缺陷,在高冲击强度场景下衰减段长持时使得等效静力偏低;引入墩柱截面抗剪能力率相关性能够更准确地描述落石冲击损伤状态;增大墩柱截面面积和提高箍筋配筋率能够有效地降低RC柱式桥墩落石撞击损伤.     

基于细观力学的混凝土轴向抗拉性能数值模拟

采用基于伸缩因子的圆形覆盖方法建立更贴近于真实情况的一系列二维随机骨料模型,采用塑性损伤模型系统地对比分析了二维随机骨料模型在不同骨料形状、骨料粒径搭配、初始缺陷、界面层厚度、界面层及砂浆强度等情况下的单轴拉伸性能.结果表明,拉伸破坏首先出现在最为薄弱的界面层;骨料形状的不同对试件拉伸性能影响较大;界面层厚度对混凝土试件脆性有所影响,对其他性能影响较小;相同试件初始缺陷的增加会导致试件弹性模量、极限抗拉强度及峰值拉应变的减小;界面强度与骨料比例、形状、初始缺陷等对混凝土试件拉伸性能影响最大;本方法可有效地模拟混凝土轴向抗拉,揭示混凝土裂纹扩展的方式及过程.     

爆炸载荷下拱坝脆性动力损伤有限元分析

基于连续损伤力学理论，用三维各向异性脆性动力损伤模型分析了拱坝及其岩基在爆炸载荷作用下的动力损伤问题.把损伤应变能释放率的概念引入岩石类介质的脆性动力损伤演化模型，并应用于独立研制的三维各向异性脆性动力损伤有限元程序（3-DADDFEP）,利用该程序对上述问题进行了有限元分析.研究表明，爆炸载荷作用附近以及其对应坝体背面的相应位置最易发生损伤破坏;爆炸载荷的峰值和持续时间对损伤的发展和扩散有重要的影响，当爆炸载荷产生的动应力远远高于材料的损伤发展门槛值时，材料的损伤将会急剧增加，这对结构的安全是极为不利的；由于爆炸载荷的作用时间比较短，损伤破坏的局部特征比较明显.     

Compressive strength development and microstructure of cement-asphalt mortar

The compressive strength developing process and the microstructure of cement-asphalt mortar (CA mortar) were investigated. The fluidity of CA mortar has a great influence on its strength. The optimum value of spread diameter of slump flow test is in the range of 300 to 400 mm. The compressive strength of CA mortar keeps a relatively high growth rate in 56 days and grows slowly afterwards. The residual water of hydration in CA mortar freezes under minus environmental temperature which can lead to a significant reduction of the strength of CA mortar. Increasing A/C retards asphalt emulsion splitting and thus prolongs the setting process of CA mortar. The hydration products of cement form the major structural framework of hardened CA mortar and asphalt is a weak phase in the framework but improves the viscoelastic behavior of CA mortar. Therefore, asphalt emulsion should be used as much as possible on the condition that essential performance criterions of CA mortar are satisfied.     

损伤灰岩动态压缩力学特性的实验研究

在Hopkinson压杆上采用改进的实验技术对灰岩材料进行了高应变率动态压缩实验，有效地解决了横向惯性效应对岩石类脆性材料实验精度的影响，对完整灰岩和损伤灰岩的动态压缩力学特性进行了对比实验研究。结果表明，灰岩表现出应变率硬化效应和损伤软化效应，完整岩石的极限动态破坏压应力高于损伤岩石约30％。     

强震下弦支穹顶结构的动力失效探讨

为了揭示强震下弦支穹顶结构的动力失效机理,分别采用双线性本构模型和应变-损伤耦合本构模型,对一个8点支承的弦支穹顶结构进行了不同地震加速度下的全过程动力时程分析,考察了2种不同材料模型下的结构动力失效.同时对采用应变-损伤耦合本构模型的结构进行了深入研究,对该结构最大位移、塑性杆件数、杆件的应变能密度和动能密度、构件应力及应力变化率等多个物理量准则进行了考察分析.结果表明:采用应变-损伤耦合本构模型能更加准确地反映结构的动力失效,且这些物理量都能大致反映结构动力失效过程中的失效时刻;同时也反映了失效时结构最大位移、杆件塑性发展、索力松弛等失效特征.     

不同倾角节理岩体损伤演化特征分析

为研究节理倾角对岩体损伤的影响规律,运用损伤力学理论建立考虑节理与荷载共同作用的岩体损伤演化模型及损伤本构模型;通过单弱面理论对模型试验进行验证,同时探讨节理岩体损伤演化特征.结果表明:单弱面理论结果与试验结果较为吻合,模型试验能较好地表征含单一结构面的岩体在荷载作用下的力学特征及损伤演化规律;当节理倾角从0增大到90°过程中,初始节理损伤先增后减,在倾角为60°时至最大值,总体呈倒"U"型分布规律;不同倾角节理岩体总损伤演化规律基本一致,均呈"S"型分布规律,先缓慢增加,而后快速增加,最后再缓慢增加其值趋于1;节理倾角只影响总损伤率数值大小不影响其演化规律,总损伤率随应变增加呈正态分布;总损伤率受控于节理面分布规律,当节理倾角从0增大至90°的过程中,总损伤率先减小后增大.     

减小动载荷道路破坏的悬架参数研究

选用“95百分位四次幂和力”作为动载荷道路破坏的评价指标,通过一个二自由度四分之一汽车振动模型的仿真,得到了道路破坏与悬架刚度和阻尼参数之间的关系,并从振动的角度给予了解释。此外还分析了道路破坏与道路不平度及载重量之间的关系,为道路友好性悬架的设计提供了理论参考。