多向镦粗7075铝合金动态再结晶组织晶粒度预报

采用多向镦粗对7075铝合金试样进行压缩,利用有限元软件对多向镦粗的组织晶粒度预报,探索模拟分析与实验分析相结合的方法,研究7075铝合金多向镦粗过程的组织晶粒变化规律,并对五道次镦粗试样与初始样进行室温拉伸力学性能测试和采用SEM断口形貌观察。模拟结果表明:经过5道次镦粗后试样中心区域的组织晶粒明显细化,晶粒尺寸从初始的40μm减小到17μm;随着道次的增加,组织晶粒细化效果逐渐减弱。对比模拟预报与实验分析结果表明:两者在晶粒细化程度上吻合良好;经过5道次镦粗之后,拉伸断裂强度从初始的547 MPa增加到665 MPa,断面收缩率从初始的7.1%增加到28.4%,断口韧窝深而大,强度塑性明显提高。     

等通道转角挤压(ECAP)工艺的研究现状

等通道转角挤压(ECAP)是一种大塑形加工技术,可细化合金组织,改善性能,提高材料的成形性.本文概述ECAP法的基本原理、剪切模式与变形规律,分析摩擦因素对变形的影响,综述中国在ECAP合金组织、性能方面的一些研究成果.     

等通道转角分流模挤压AZ31镁合金管材

采用等通道转角挤压(ECAP)技术改良了传统挤压模具分流孔;通过螺旋槽焊合模腔,挤出了壁厚2 mm的管材。研究了镁合金的组织变化及材料的性能。结果表明:挤压态合金组织均匀,晶粒细小(平均晶粒尺寸约为12.5μm)。等通道转角挤压的细化晶粒过程、动态再结晶以及退火再结晶使合金具有良好的组织结构和力学性能。挤压态试样断口呈现为脆性解理断裂方式,退火态试样断口则表现为脆性和韧性混合断裂机制。     

MB15合金等通道转角挤压组织模拟和实验分析

采用等通道转角挤压(ECAP)对MB15合金试样进行挤压,利用有限元软件DEFORM-3D进行ECAP晶粒组织模拟,探索采用有限元模拟与实验分析相结合的方法,研究镁合金ECAP成形过程的晶粒组织变化规律。模拟结果表明:数值模拟后试样从头部P1处、中部P2处到尾部P3处的晶粒组织细化程度明显减小,平均晶粒尺寸从初始的13.32μm减小到2.3~3.1μm;采用ECAP方法进行一道次挤压,试样的平均晶粒尺寸从13.32μm减小到2.2μm。对比数值模拟与实验分析结果表明:两者在晶粒细化程度上吻合良好。     

等通道转角挤压对纯铜组织细化的作用

采用高速冲压,对纯铜进行等通道转角挤压(ECAE),利用透射电镜(TEM)观察和扫描电镜的背散射电子衍射(EBSD)分析,研究了应变速度对强烈塑性形变组织细化的作用,讨论了大角晶界超细晶粒的形成机理.结果表明,极快的应变速度可以显著增大大角晶界的百分数达76%,并使晶粒进一步细化,达到0.23 μm.     

ECAP挤压对5083铝合金组织与力学性能的影响

研究了5083铝合金等通道转角挤压(ECAP)的室温拉伸性能.结果表明:5083铝合金经100℃、16道次ECAP挤压后,晶粒明显细化且第二相均匀弥散分布,合金的强度提高至480MPa;200℃、16道次ECAP挤压后,合金强度有所下降(约380MPa),但塑性显著改善(伸长率16％以上);降低ECAP挤压温度、增加挤压道次可获得更高的挤压硬化和细晶强化效果,在100℃ECAP挤压和200℃退火同样可提高该合金的抗拉强度和塑性变形能力.     

等通道转角挤压对AZ80A镁合金晶粒细化的影响

利用预先经(400±5)℃×16h均匀化处理的10mm×10mm截面的条形试样在280℃下对AZ80A铸态合金进行等通道转角挤压试验,研究了挤压路径、挤压道次和多步法挤压对晶粒细化和力学性能的影响.结果表明,ECAE8道次挤压变形可把晶粒细化到6μm以下:在一定范围内增加道次数和降低变形温度均有助于组织细化;在相同道次和挤压路径下多步法ECAE变形由于降低了后续变形温度从而获得了晶粒更加细小的镁合金.     

等通道挤压镁合金工艺的研究

采用等通道挤压(ECAP)对AZ91镁合金在预热温度为350、400、450、500 ℃下进行了2、4、6、8、10道次的挤压.采用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜分析了试样经过不同的变形工艺的显微组织变化.结果表明,随着挤压道次和变形温度的增加,ECAP变形后的试样表面形态愈加平滑光洁,晶粒可细化到几微米,在透射电镜下观察ECAP后的显微组织,晶粒内部出现高密度位错,产生位错塞积.第二相粒子阻碍位错运动,从而促进动态再结晶,对细化晶粒起着重要作用.     

等通道转角挤压处理的镁合金AZ31的低周疲劳行为

研究了一道次等通道转角挤压(ECAP)处理的镁合金AZ31挤压棒材的低周疲劳行为,结果表明:在塑性应变幡为0.5％时,材料表现出显著地循环软化;而在应变幅不大于0.2％时,基本表现为循环稳定或微弱的循环软化.疲劳裂纹主要萌生于细晶区,并沿着细晶区扩展,并导致最终的断裂.     

等通道转角挤压工艺对TA15合金显微硬度的影响

研究近α钛合金TA15经等通道转角挤压工艺(ECAP)加工后的维氏显微硬度及其变化规律。结果表明:TA15合金经ECAP挤压后,显微硬度显著提高,且合金试样外层硬度略高于芯部。合金的显微硬度与组织畸变程度、位错密度、晶粒尺寸以及相组成等密切相关。相变点以下挤压,挤压温度越低,硬度越高;相变点以上挤压,由于挤压后水冷过程中在β相内产生针状马氏体α′,硬度明显高于相变点以下挤压。模具转角越小,显微硬度越高。随挤压次数增加,硬度先增大后保持基本不变,而挤压路径对硬度的影响与挤压次数、挤压后细化效果密切相关。TA15合金经ECAP后退火,显微硬度明显降低。     

镁合金等通道转角挤压过程中的晶粒细化机制

采用金相显微镜、背散射电子衍射(EBSD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析ZK60镁合金在等通道转角挤压(ECAP)过程中不同部位的显微组织特征。结果表明:ZK60镁合金经240℃ECAP变形1道次后,合金的晶粒得到明显细化,但组织仍不均匀。剪切变形前,合金组织主要为粗大晶粒并伴有大量孪晶,剪切区的组织主要为剪切变形带和少量再结晶组织;剪切变形后,合金的晶粒组织主要为再结晶组织;合金ECAP过程的晶粒细化主要为机械剪切和动态再结晶的综合作用。     

等径角挤压处理后的Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金的微观组织和力学性能

研究等径角挤压过程中材料的微观组织和织构演变以及对其力学性能的影响。结果表明：挤压4道次后的微观组织是不均匀的,即在此过程中形成了粗晶区和细晶区2个区域。颗粒诱发的再结晶机制导致晶粒细化,在4道次后形成了更加随机的织构。与挤压前的原始材料相比较,经等径角挤压处理的材料虽然强度没有增加,但是塑性有了显著的提高。用织构改变和第二相颗粒解释了合金塑性的变化。     

等通道转角挤压Mg-3.52Sn-3.32Al合金的组织与力学性能

采用等通道转角挤压（ECAP）Bc路径对固溶态Mg-3.52Sn-3.32Al合金分别挤压1、4和8道次。利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪分析合金的组织和相组成,并测试了其室温拉伸力学性能。结果表明,经ECAP挤压后,固溶态合金组织中析出大量细小的Mg2Sn相和极少量的Mg17Al12相。随挤压道次增加,合金的综合力学性能先提高后降低。经4道次挤压后,合金的综合拉伸力学性能相对较佳,抗拉强度、伸长率和硬度分别达到250 MPa、20.5%和61.3 HV9.8,较未ECAP时分别提高43.7%、105%和26.9%。经ECAP挤压的合金室温拉伸断口均呈韧性断裂。等通道转角挤压Mg-3.52Sn-3.32Al合金的力学性能受晶粒尺寸、析出相以及组织织构的共同影响。     

Damping behavior and mechanical properties of Mg-Cu-Mn alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing

Equal channel angular pressing(ECAP) was conducted at 250℃for 4 passes to the as-extruded Mg-3%Cu-1%Mn alloy with high strength and high damping capacity.After ECAP processing,the grain of as-extruded alloy is significantly refined to about 4μm,both yield strength and tensile strength of the as-extruded Mg-Cu-Mn alloy are decreased,but the ductility is improved.After the ECAP processing,the damping capacity of Mg-Cu-Mn alloy is decreased at room temperature,while is substantially increased at elevated te...     

Monte-carlo modeling of grain growth in Zr equal channel angular pressed and recrystallized

Grain boundary character distribution in equal-channel-angular pressed Zr was studied. Using a die design of 90°/20° and an operation temperature of 350°C. The initial grain size of 20 μm was reduced to about 270 nm with 4 passes via route B_c. The grain growth kinetics of the recrystallized state was obtained by experiment and Monte-Carlo computer simulation, respectively, which showed good agreement. Based on kinetics and morphological characteristics, it was concluded that the grain coarsening mechanism was governed by normal grain growth. No sign of abnormal grain growth was detected either in the experiment or in simulation despite taking into consideration anisotropy in grain boundary energy as well as its mobility. This indicates that grain boundaries produced by severely deformed Zr are stable against explosive coarsening. The evolution characteristics of the microstructure in the present ECA pressed and recrystallized Zr differed from those of cold rolled Ti in that the grain boundary misorientation distribution and texture were rather stable during grain growth. Jointly Appointed by the Center for Advanced Aerospace Materials This article is based on a presentation made in the 2002 Korea-US symposium on the “Phase Transformations of Nano-Materials,” organized as a special program of the 2002 Annual Meeting of the Korean Institute of Metals and Materials, held at Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea on October 25–26, 2002.     

等通道转角挤压Al-Cu合金的冲击性能

对铸态Al-0.63%Cu和Al-3.9%Cu(质量分数)合金进行等通道转角挤压处理,研究了Al-Cu合金冲击性能的变化.结果表明,等通道转角挤压增强了Al-0.63%Cu合金的冲击性能;而对于Al-3.9%Cu合金,虽然晶粒细化和第二相的弥散分布使其强度增加,但较多的第二相θ(Al2Cu)未提高其冲击性能.该合金的冲击吸收功与其静力韧度有关.     

Sc和Zr对7075铝合金再结晶行为的影响

研究通过铸造法制备的含Al3(Sc,Zr)相的7075铝合金静态再结晶行为和再结晶行为与力学性能的关系.Sc和Zr复合添加使Sc?Zr?7075铝合金保留挤压变形过程中形成的大部分纤维组织及高密度位错,导致合金的再结晶转变量由35％降低至22％,相应的亚结构保持量由59％升高至67％.Sc和Zr有效抑制7075铝合金再...     

等通道转角挤压制备超细晶材料的最新研究进展

等通道转角挤压(Equal channel angular pressing,ECAP)方法是制备性能优异超细晶材料最常见的大塑性变形方法之一。模角、挤压路径、挤压道次、挤压温度和挤压速度等因素都会影响等通道转角挤压制备超细晶材料的性能;等通道转角挤压的模具也在不断地优化,如背压-等通道转角挤压(Back pressure ECAP,BP-ECAP)模具、可加热的模具以及在等通道转角挤压基础上形成的板材连续剪切技术等,这些新的模具可以改变ECAP变形过程中的组织均匀性。本文综述了等通道转角挤压制备超细晶材料的最新研究进展,并指出了几个需要深入研究的问题及方向。     

High strain rate superplasticity at intermediate temperatures of the Al 7075 alloy severely processed by equal channel angular pressing

The mechanical properties of an overaged Al 7075-O alloy processed by ECAP were examined by tensile tests at intermediate-high temperatures ranging from 250 to 400 °C and strain rates from 10⁻⁵ to 10⁻¹ s⁻¹. The influence of the number of ECAP passes on the ductility enhancement was evaluated. Elongation to failure, e_F, significantly increased with increasing the number of ECAP passes up to 8 at 130 °C. The alloy processed under these conditions exhibited a maximum value of 322% at 300 °C and an initial strain rate of 10⁻³ s⁻¹. High strain rate, e_F = 210%, at a strain rate as high as 10⁻² s⁻¹. The large elongations together with lower stresses and lower stress exponents than those for the start material confirm that grain boundary sliding (GBS) is the operative deformation mechanism. A loss of superplastic behaviour at temperatures above 350 °C is related to abnormal grain growth and a change of deformation mechanism.