金属凹模中半埋藏环形裂纹电磁热止裂的数值模拟

采用有限元方法研究了带半埋藏环形裂纹的Cr12MoV圆筒形凹模的电磁热止裂问题 ,建立了超强脉冲电流放电瞬间 ,环形裂纹尖端附近电场、温度场和热应力场的藕合关系。数值模拟分成热—电藕合 (焦耳热问题 )和热—机械藕合两个过程来实现 ,通过数值解析轴对称模型 ,给出了脉冲放电瞬间Cr12MoV凹模中电流—温度—热应力的求解过程 ,得到了脉冲放电瞬间带半埋藏环形裂纹凹模的温度场和热应力场。     

脉冲放电对6061铝合金焊接接头组织及力学性能的影响

采用电磁热止裂强化方法对6061铝合金焊接接头进行强化研究,通过ZL-2型超强脉冲放电装置对焊接接头进行放电强化实验,并对焊接接头力学性能、硬度和显微组织进行对比分析。对含埋藏孔洞缺陷的焊接接头进行了脉冲放电数值分析,得到放电瞬间的温度场和热应力场。结果表明:放电瞬间焊接接头缺陷处温升达到材料熔点,孔洞钝化并产生有利的热压应力;经放电处理后,焊接接头Mg_2Si强化相增多,且晶粒变的细小,焊接接头处力学性能和显微硬度均得到提高。     

含单边裂纹构件脉冲放电止裂相变应力分析

对含单边裂纹的40Cr Ni Mo钢构件进行脉冲放电止裂,分析了脉冲放电止裂后结晶区、相变区和基体区的显微硬度变化。结果可知,止裂后的裂纹尖端变得圆钝,曲率半径增大,应力集中得到消除,有效地阻止了裂纹的继续开裂;结晶区晶粒得到细化,相变区晶格畸变及位错密度增大导致塑性变形抗力增大,两者的显微硬度得到了不同程度的提高。应用Eshelby等效夹杂原理对脉冲放电止裂后单边裂纹尖端发生组织转变的相变应力进行了理论和数值计算,最终获得相变应力的计算方程;采用ANSYS有限元软件对于含单边裂纹构件脉冲放电止裂进行数值模拟,验证体积变化和屈服强度变化对相变应力的影响。最后,简述了含单边裂纹构件脉冲放电止裂技术对于异种材料焊接裂纹的止裂修复工程应用。     

脉冲放电对焊接接头的强化分析

对含有裂纹的16Mn焊接接头脉冲放电后的拉伸过程进行了数值模拟,分析了脉冲放电强化对裂纹前缘应力状态的影响.数值分析表明,经脉冲放电强化后,焊接接头受拉时裂纹前缘处的应力集中降低,抗拉性能得到了提高;对含有裂纹的16Mn焊接接头试件进行脉冲放电和拉伸性能试验.结果表明,通过脉冲放电强化,裂纹前缘钝化并产生了硬而韧的白亮层组织,试件的断口变得均匀、拉伸性能平均提高了17.8%.数值模拟和试验证实了电磁热止裂技术对降低焊接接头应力集中、提高其抗拉性能的有效性.     

Si_3N_4基复合陶瓷刀具切削温度场及热应力的有限元分析

应用有限元法对Si3N4基复合陶瓷刀具温度场和热应力进行了分析计算。通过建立Si3N4基复合陶瓷刀具三维温度场和热应力的有限元模型,确定边界条件,分析求解得到Si3N4复合陶瓷刀具的温度场和热应力。结果表明:普通单质陶瓷刀具随着切削速度的提高,其由切削温度引起的最大热Mises应力、最大热切应力以及最大热拉应力的增长幅度大于Si3N4基复合陶瓷刀具。说明Si3N4基复合陶瓷刀具由热应力引起的破坏比单质陶瓷刀具小,寿命长,更适合于高速切削。     

16Mn模具钢电磁热止裂与激光熔覆再修复的数值模拟研究

利用ANSYS对脉冲放电电磁热止裂温度场和应力场进行模拟,然后对电磁热止裂后的16Mn钢试样熔覆Ni45合金粉末的表面温度场瞬时变化进行模拟。结果表明,在8000 V高压脉冲电压下,裂纹尖端的温度可达1500℃以上,裂尖部分熔化,进而使裂尖钝化,脉冲放电后1000 s时构件的温度基本接近室温。脉冲放电瞬间接近裂尖处的残余应力较大,而远离裂尖处的压应力较小。激光熔覆过程中垂直于激光扫描方向存在着一定的温度梯度。     

LaMgAl11O19热障涂层退火过程残余热应力分布及涂层热稳定性的数值模拟

目的 研究退火过程中La Mg Al₁₁O₁₉热障涂层内部残余热应力的分布情况及其对热障涂层热稳定性的影响机理。方法 基于等离子喷涂制备的La Mg Al₁₁O₁₉/YSZ双热障涂层物理模型,采用Abaqus建立数值仿真模型,通过温度位移耦合计算,系统分析不同退火温度下LaMgAl₁₁O₁₉热障涂层内部残余热应力的分布情况。通过扫描电镜,观察退火前后涂层表面及断面的微观组织形貌。根据数值模拟结果及涂层SEM图像,分析残余热应力对LaMgAl₁₁O₁₉热障涂层热稳定性的影响,探究引起涂层裂纹损伤失效的影响因素。结果 数值模拟结果显示,La Mg Al₁₁O₁₉热障涂层内部的残余热应力以径向应力为主,其值远大于轴向应力及剪切应力。退火中,径向残余热应力在径向距离0～2.4mm内缓慢增长到最大值,而在x=2.4mm至径向边缘范围内急剧降低。退火后,在涂层径向边缘位置出现应力集...     

激光冲击强化ZCuAl10Fe3Mn2合金的热疲劳裂纹生长行为

为了提高高温构件的热疲劳性能、减少表面裂纹,研究激光冲击对ZCuAl10Fe3Mn2合金硬度、表面形貌、残余应力和热疲劳性能的影响.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)分析合金的显微组织和裂纹形貌.结果表明:在4 J脉冲能量下,激光冲击能显著改善合金的热疲劳性能.在热应力和交变应力的作用下,试样缺口附近组织氧...     

Or5大型合金钢铸锭热应力状态的模拟分析

为了解决Cr5钢锭因铸造热应力产生表面裂纹的问题,构建了几何物理模型,确立了借助于ADSTEFAN软件和实测钢锭温度场相结合求解钢锭应力状态的模拟方法.通过模拟不同浇注温度、不同锭型和不同尺寸钢锭的浇注和凝固过程,分析它们的应力分布趋势,从中获得合理的浇注温度和锭型.     

燃气轮机起动过程热障涂层的应力数值分析

考虑了热障涂层在服役过程中发生的陶瓷层烧结和氧化层增厚作用,对燃气轮机起动过程中涂层热应力进行了数值研究。通过瞬态传热模拟获得起动过程温度场,运用顺序热应力耦合求解起动过程热应力。其中起动初始的陶瓷层烧结和氧化层增厚状态,通过预先模拟高温烧结和氧化层增厚过程来获得,并通过ABAQUS子程序分别实现。结果表明,起动过程中涂层瞬态温度场的变化主要受燃气温度的变化规律所影响。起动过程未见热应力激增现象,陶瓷层烧结和氧化层增厚主要对起动初期,尤其是起动过程的初始残余应力有重要影响,对起动过程中后期的影响可忽略。烧结对陶瓷层和粘结层的热应力均有较大影响,而氧化层增厚对陶瓷层热应力的影响很小,但其对粘结层热应力的影响比烧结更大。     

Ambient and high-temperature thermal conductivity of thermal sprayed coatings

Aside from its importance as a design parameter for thermal barrier coatings, measuring thermal conductivity of thermal sprayed coatings itself provides a unique method to critically characterize the nature, quantity, and anisotropy of the defect morphologies in these splat-based coatings. In this paper, the authors present a systematic assessment of thermal conductivity of wide range using the flash diffusivity technique. For the case of plasma sprayed yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), coatings obtained from wide-ranging initial powder morphologies as well as those fabricated under different particle states were characterized. Both in-plane and through-thickness properties were obtained. Other material systems that were considered include: metallic alloys and semiconductors of interests. Issues such as reproducibility and reliability in measurements were also considered and assessed. Finally, work in collaboration with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for alternate approaches to characterization of thermal conductivity as well as high-temperature measurements was performed. This article was originally published inBuilding on 100 Years of Success, Proceedings of the 2006 International Thermal Spray Conference (Seattle, WA), May 15–18, 2006, B.R. Marple, M.M. Hyland, Y.-Ch. Lau, R.S. Lima, and J. Voyer, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2006.     

无冷却喷涂工艺对其制备的热障涂层的裂纹系统和寿命的影响

无冷却喷涂形成的热障涂层裂纹体系,可提高陶瓷顶层应变容限.但目前缺乏对裂纹体系的系统研究,特别是横向分叉裂纹.因此,文中研究送粉率和基体预热温度对陶瓷顶层裂纹系统的定量影响,并比较不同裂纹系统的热循环寿命.结果表明,增加送粉率,垂直裂纹密度和横向分叉裂纹长度均呈现先大后小的趋势.预热温度的提高可增加涂层中垂直裂纹数量,但横向分叉裂纹长度呈现先增后降的趋势.热循环试验表明,维持一定垂直裂纹的同时,降低横向分叉裂纹可提高涂层热循环寿命.     

Anisotropic thermal conductivities of plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings in relation to the microstructure

Anisotropic thermal conductivities of the plasma-sprayed ceramic coating are explicitly expressed in terms of the microstructural parameters. The dominant features of the porous space are identified as strongly oblate (cracklike) pores that tend to be either parallel or normal to the substrate. The scatter in pore orientations is shown to have a pronounced effect on the effective conductivities. The established quantitative microstructure-property relations, if combined with the knowledge of the processing parameters-resulting microstructure connections, can be utilized for controlling the conductivities in the desired way.     

焊接热循环过程中氢陷阱热释放的数值分析

基于焊接热循环过程的特点,分别提出了热循环的升温段和冷却段过程中氢陷阱的热释放的动力学模型,并运用数值分析的方法,对焊接热循环中氢陷阱的热释放过程进行了研究.结果表明,高强度低合金钢的多层多道焊中,前一焊道受后续焊道的热循环作用下,焊道中的氢陷阱存在热释放过程,且弱氢陷阱在热循环的升温段就基本完全被释放出去,而稳定性较...     

Reliability of laser flash thermal diffusivity measurements of the thermal barrier coatings

The thermal diffusivity of free standing thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) was measured by the laser flash technique. The combination of low thermal conductivity (1 to 2 W/m K) and small TBC thickness (300 to 600 μm thick) can cause errors in the measurements. Back surface (opposite the laser) temperatures of free standing plasma-sprayed TBCs were measured as a function of time and laser power. The front surface temperatures were calculated using thermal transport equations. In the high power region, thermal diffusivity decreased significantly with increasing laser power. In the moderate power region, thermal diffusivity remained constant. In the low power region, measurement became unreliable because of noise. The detector nonlinearity was believed to be a possible cause of deviation in the high power region. Measurements at different laser power levels should be conducted in order to obtain reliable thermal diffusivity values for TBCs.     

热障涂层的三维界面形貌与热应力关系

使用等离子喷涂方法制备出双层热障涂层(粘结层为Ni-Cr-Al-Y,陶瓷层为ZrO2).使用ABAQUS有限元分析软件,采用间接耦合分析的方法,模拟计算了喷涂过程中陶瓷层/粘结层间三维结构椭圆界面的应力场分布,得出了粘结层表面三维椭球形貌单元位置和尺寸与热应力分布之间的关系.模拟结果表明,涂层制备后,椭球形貌单元位置和...     

Ultrafast thermal plasma physical vapor deposition of yttria-stabilized zirconia for novel thermal barrier coatings

This research aims to develop advanced thermal plasma spraying technology for the next-generation thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) with a high power hybrid plasma spraying system. By using thermal plasma physical vapor deposition (TP-PVD), various functional structured yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coatings were deposited. Parameters, such as powder feeding rate, hydrogen gas concentration, and total mass flow rate of the plasma gas, were optimized, and their influences on the evaporation of YSZ powder were investigated. Ultrafast deposition of a thick coating was achieved at a rate of over 150 μm/min. The deposited porous coating has a low thermal conductivity of 0.7W/mK and the dense coating with interlaced t′ domains possesses a high nanohardness of 27.85 GPa and a high reflectance. These characteristics show that the TP-PVD technique is a very valuable process for manufacturing novel TBCs.     

等离子喷涂和激光熔覆热障涂层隔热性能比较

采用多种方法制备不同类型的Al2O3-13％TiO2热障涂层,即等离子喷涂常规涂层、纳米结构涂层及激光熔覆纳米结构涂层．在分析三类涂层微观组织的基础上,对其隔热性能进行了比较．结果表明,即等离子喷涂常规陶瓷涂层呈典型的层状堆积特征,纳米结构涂层都为特殊的两相结构,其中部分熔化区由类似的残留纳米粒子组成,等离子喷涂纳米结构涂层的完全熔化区为片层状结构,而相应的激光熔覆涂层的完全熔化区则为细小等轴晶．在相同条件下,等离子喷涂纳米结构热障涂层具有最好的隔热性能,而激光熔覆纳米结构涂层的隔热性能要好于等离子喷涂常规涂层．     

Long crack behavior in a thermal barrier coating upon thermal shock loading

The behavior of macroscopic long cracks in the ceramic top coat of a thermal barrier coating (TBC) system subjected to thermal shock loading and the influence of the cracks on the coating durability were investigated experimentally and numerically. Thermal shock testing was conducted until coating failure. Comparisons were made with coating samples without macroscopic cracks. The experimental results revealed that the presence of macroscopic cracks reduces the life of the TBC. The finite-element method, with a fracture mechanics approach, was applied to analyze preexisting long cracks, and the calculations correlate well with the experimental findings. It was found that the life of the coating is reduced with crack length as well as with maximum cycle temperature. It was also found that the stress-intensity factors for long cracks are initially high and decrease with the number of temperature cycles, which indicates that rapid crack growth occurs during the first number of cycles.     

Thermal conductivity of a zirconia thermal barrier coating

The conductivity of a thermal-barrier coating composed of atmospheric plasma sprayed 8 mass percent yttria partially stabilized zirconia has been measured. This coating was sprayed on a substrate of 410 stainless steel. An absolute, steady-state measurement method was used to measure thermal conductivity from 400 to 800 K. The thermal conductivity of the coating is 0.62 W/(m×K). This measurement has shown to be temperature independent.