Environment as a first class abstraction in multiagent systems

The current practice in multiagent systems typically associates the environment with resources that are external to agents and their communication infrastructure. Advanced uses of the environment include infrastructures for indirect coordination, such as digital pheromones, or support for governed interaction in electronic institutions. Yet, in general, the notion of environment is not well defined. Functionalities of the environment are often dealt with implicitly or in an ad hoc manner. This is not only poor engineering practice, it also hinders engineers to exploit the full potential of the environment in multiagent systems. In this paper, we put forward the environment as an explicit part of multiagent systems.We give a definition stating that the environment in a multiagent system is a first-class abstraction with dual roles: (1) the environment provides the surrounding conditions for agents to exist, which implies that the environment is an essential part of every multiagent system, and (2) the environment provides an exploitable design abstraction for building multiagent system applications. We discuss the responsibilities of such an environment in multiagent systems and we present a reference model for the environment that can serve as a basis for environment engineering. To illustrate the power of the environment as a design abstraction, we show how the environment is successfully exploited in a real world application. Considering the environment as a first-class abstraction in multiagent systems opens up new horizons for research and development in multiagent systems.     

Entanglement revival can occur only when the system–environment state is not a Markov state

Markov states have been defined for tripartite quantum systems. In this paper, we generalize the definition of the Markov states to arbitrary multipartite case and find the general structure of an important subset of them, which we will call strong Markov states. In addition, we focus on an important property of the Markov states: If the initial state of the whole system–environment is a Markov state, then each localized dynamics of the whole system–environment reduces to a localized subdynamics of the system. This provides us a necessary condition for entanglement revival in an open quantum system: Entanglement revival can occur only when the system–environment state is not a Markov state. To illustrate (a part of) our results, we consider the case that the environment is modeled as classical. In this case, though the correlation between the system and the environment remains classical during the evolution, the change of the state of the system–environment, from its initial Markov state to a state which is not a Markov one, leads to the entanglement revival in the system. This shows that the non-Markovianity of a state is not equivalent to the existence of non-classical correlation in it, in general.     

雷达电子战系统电磁环境仿真

电磁环境仿真是设计、准确评估雷达电子战设备战技指标的基础。该文阐述了雷达电子战系统电磁环境仿真的基本概念以及建立典型电磁环境应遵从的准则。讨论了三种典型的电磁环境仿真方法以及各自的优缺点。提出了一种对电磁环境进行信号仿真的方法，其中雷达辐射源的载频、脉宽、重频等主要描述参数都由一组数据表示，可以反映出多种类型复杂的脉冲方式，在此基础上建立了可以体现不同体制雷达信号的仿真模型，仿真实现了典型雷达电子战战场态势下的雷达电磁环境。仿真结果在实际应用中证明是有效的。     

Designing information systems for nursing practice: data base and knowledge base requirements of different organizational technologies

One of the major causes of failure of information system design is the failure of developers to take into account the organizational environment, thereby leading to an unusable system. The first step in designing an effective system is to describe the user's view of the system, a view that incorporates how the system will help users to manage information in their particular organizational environment. For nurses involved in designing a nursing information system, a useful way of considering the organizational environment is provided by Perrow. The organizational technologies described by Perrow can be viewed as different models of nursing practice, each with particular requirements for a knowledge base and a data base. Nurses can identify the model that most closely corresponds to actual or desired nursing practice in their agencies and use the model's associated knowledge base and data base requirements as a guide to specifying the information system to be developed.     

Random environments and automata

In this paper, we propose a machine like a stochastic automaton as the generalized random environment and show that every random environment discussed up to the present is a special case of this machine. The system consisting of this environment and an automaton is equivalent to an autonomous stochastic automaton. Moreover, we introduce some examples for this system.     

Analysis of various factors affecting the non-Markovian dynamics associated with a hierarchical environment based on collision model

We propose a quantum collision model in which the environment is abstractively divided into two hierarchies including “environment-bus” that has direct interactions with the system and “environment-stations” that has not. Based on the model, we investigate the effects of initial system–environment correlations, initial states of environment, and various interactions on the dynamics of open quantum systems associated genuinely with such a hierarchical environment. We illustrate that the initial quantum correlation between the system and environment leads to a transition from Markovian to non-Markovian dynamics, while for initial classical correlation the transition can only be confirmed to happen when the couplings rather than the correlations in environment are present. In addition, we investigate the degree of non-Markovianity varying with environment initial states and reveal that the interaction strength between two environmental hierarchies plays an important role in it. In particular, we show that in such a hierarchically structured environment the degree of non-Markovianity is not equivalent to memory effects of the environment-stations as a reservoir due to the presence of the environment-bus.     

A Polymorphic Environment Calculus and its Type-Inference Algorithm

The polymorphic environment calculus is a polymorphic lambda calculus which enables us to treat environments as first-class citizens. In the calculus, environments are formalized as explicit substitutions, and the substitutions are included in the set of terms of the calculus. First, we introduce an untyped environment calculus, and we present a semantics of the calculus as a translation into the lambda calculus. Second, we propose a polymorphic type system for the environment calculus based on Damas-Milner's ML-polymorphic type system. In ML, polymorphism is allowed only in let-expressions; in the polymorphic environment calculus, polymorphism is provided with environment compositions. We prove a subject-reduction theorem for the type system. Third, a type-inference algorithm is given to the polymorphic environment calculus, and we establish its soundness, termination, and principal-typing theorem.     

NEW INSIGHTS INTO PRINCIPLES FOR DESIGNING ARCHITECTURE OF ENVIRONMENT SYSTEM FOR TOOL INTEGRATION ─IN THE CASE OF PRODUCTION MACHINES DESIGN

ＮＥＷＩＮＳＩＧＨＴＳＩＮＴＯＰＲＩＮＣＩＰＬＥＳＦＯＲＤＥＳＩＧＮＩＮＧＡＲＣＨＩＴＥＣＴＵＲＥＯＦＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＳＹＳＴＥＭＦＯＲＴＯＯＬＩＮＴＥＧＲＡＴＩＯＮ─ＩＮＴＨＥＣＡＳＥＯＦＰＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＭＡＣＨＩＮＥＳＤＥＳＩＧＮＺｈａ...     

基于互联网的远程测量虚拟操作环境的构建研究

该文对基于互联网的远程测量系统中虚拟操作环境的构建方法进行了研究。文中分析了远程测量系统中实现视觉临场感的几种方法，给出了采用预测／预演控制策略的一种远程测量系统中虚拟操作环境的组成结构和实现方法。在系统的本地端建立虚拟的操作环境，可以实时地为操作者提供视觉反馈信息，辅助操作者连续地操纵三坐标测量机进行路径规划，还可以动态显示测量结果和测量现场的图像。     

A knowledge-based vision system for industrial applications

This paper introduces a knowledge-based vision system for industrial environments. It is designed to control a cell in an assembly system. The images from the environment are taken as gray scale images. Based on a single image, the system has to recognize type and position of the recorded parts and to control their placement in the environment for further manipulation. This requires the explicit representation of rich task-specific knowledge. The effort to adapt our system to new tasks is very small. Thus, it is very important that the system is able to support major parts of the activities that are necessary for the acquisition of new knowledge. The system consists of three components-image segmentation, knowledge acquisition, and matching-which are described in detail. All the methods presented were tested using different parts of an electric motor as an example.     

动态环境下融合轻量级YOLOv5s的视觉SLAM

移动机器人在未知环境下依靠同步定位与地图构建（SLAM）实现自身的精确定位,目前大多数视觉SLAM系统在运行时均假设外部环境是静态的,但在实际应用场景下该假设并不成立,传统的视觉SLAM系统在动态环境下易受移动目标的影响,导致系统定位精度下降。提出一种新的视觉SLAM系统,将轻量级网络MobileNetV3作为目标检测网络YOLOv5s的主干网络,从而减少模型参数量,提高算法在CPU上的推理速度。将目标检测网络、光流法与ORB-SLAM系统相结合,使SLAM系统前端提取ORB特征点的同时能够有效剔除动态特征点。仅利用静态目标上的特征点进行帧间匹配,从而求解相机位姿,提高系统在动态环境下的定位精度。在TUM动态数据集上的实验结果表明,与ORB-SLAM3系统相比,该系统的位姿估计精度提升了80.16%,与DS-SLAM、DVO-SLAM系统等动态SLAM系统相比,该系统在定位精度上有大幅提升,相比使用MASK-RCNN的DynaSLAM系统,在保持相近ATE指标的情况下,该系统具有更高的实时性。     

舰船作战指挥仿真测试系统研究

舰船作战指挥系统是一个典型的复杂大系统,如何构造仿真测试环境对系统的功能、性能指标进行测试是必须研究和解决的问题.为了给舰船作战指挥系统的研制、建设、管理和使用提供试验环境,从装备试验技术发展的角度提出了装备试验对舰船作战指挥仿真测试系统的需求,描述了舰船作战指挥仿真测试系统的体系结构、工作流程、信息关系和主要功能,这将有助于对舰船作战指挥系统的功能、性能指标进行测试以及对其综合作战效能进行分析和评估.     

Computer-based Environments for Operations Research: Classification and a Pioneer System

A computer-based environment for operations research (CEOR) is a work environment based on information technology (IT) that supports OR activities. Elements of CEOR are tabulated by the objects of support (i.e. staff members and steps of OR projects). Staff members are classified into decision makers, project managers, OR practitioners, OR researchers and IT specialists. As a result, CEOR for OR researchers is mentioned as one of the research targets to be promoted more positively than up to now. As a pioneer CEOR in this category, CAMP is outlined as an information system based on databases of knowledge concerning branch-and-bound algorithms and their construction. CAMP aims to efficiently manage and apply its knowledge databases in designing branch-and-bound algorithms for sequencing problems. Its application example suggests that a knowledge support system like CAMP is useful as a work environment for OR researchers.     

面向民机综合环境监视的实时Linux设计与测试

综合环境监视(IAESS)是民机航空电子系统中的重要组成部分,其综合化程度的发展是当前研究的热点。将环境监视中的各项功能,如机载防撞系统(ACAS)、地形告警系统(TAWS)等进行软硬件综合,对软硬件系统中的操作系统提出了实时性、高可靠性等要求。针对这一问题,提出了一种新的基于虚拟中断技术的实时Linux设计与实现方法。在此基础上,对综合环境监视系统架构进行了分析和测试。试验结果表明,该实时Linux设计方案能够胜任实时性操作系统,可在未来的应用中很好地满足民机综合环境监视系统的实时性需求。     

Development of an indoor navigation system for a monocular-vision-based autonomous mobile robot

We have developed a technology for a robot that uses an indoor navigation system based on visual methods to provide the required autonomy. For robots to run autonomously, it is extremely important that they are able to recognize the surrounding environment and their current location. Because it was not necessary to use plural external world sensors, we built a navigation system in our test environment that reduced the burden of information processing mainly by using sight information from a monocular camera. In addition, we used only natural landmarks such as walls, because we assumed that the environment was a human one. In this article we discuss and explain two modules: a self-position recognition system and an obstacle recognition system. In both systems, the recognition is based on image processing of the sight information provided by the robot’s camera. In addition, in order to provide autonomy for the robot, we use an encoder and information from a two-dimensional space map given beforehand. Here, we explain the navigation system that integrates these two modules. We applied this system to a robot in an indoor environment and evaluated its performance, and in a discussion of our experimental results we consider the resulting problems.     

基于SkyEye的嵌入式系统仿真环境的构建

SkyEye作为嵌入式系统的仿真环境软件,是学习和研究嵌入式系统的有效工具。但是SkyEye在Linux上的源码安装一直没有简洁、有效、系统的安装方案,给嵌入式系统的学习和研究造成了很大的障碍。本文首先介绍了构建基于SkyEye的仿真环境的基本步骤,然后以SkyEye-1.2.9在Ubuntu8.04上的安装为例,提出了有效的仿真环境构建方案。测试结果证明,该方案是有效、可行的。为快速构建基于SkyEye的嵌入式系统仿真环境提供了技术支持。     

Experimenting with a Shared Virtual Memory Environment for Hypercubes

This paper describes the design and implementation of a shared virtual memory (SVM) system for the nCUBE 2 machine. The SVM system provides the user a single coherent address space across all nodes. It is implemented at the user level in a C programming environment using high level constructs to support data sharing. Shared variables are treated as objects rather than pages. We have improved upon an existing algorithm for maintaining coherency in the SVM system, thus achieving a reduction in the number of internode messages required in coherency maintenance. Detailed timing analysis is conducted to analyze the feasibility of this shared environment. Experimental results indicate that parallel programs running under an SVM system show linear speedup, suggesting that SVM systems could provide an effective programming environment for the next generation of distributed memory parallel computers. The bottleneck of this implementation is associated with the expensive interrupt handling capability of the nCUBE 2.     

MapReduce下连续泊位分配系统

针对传统串行环境下码头连续泊位分配算法在船数大于七条时,算法的执行效率明显降低、资源占用量显著增加.首次设计了基于分布式环境下连续泊位分配系统总体架构和软件架构;提出了基于Hadoop平台下连续泊位分配系统开发环境的搭建,分布式环境下码头泊位分配系统组件设计与部署以及分布式环境下基于MapReduce改进连续泊位分配算法的关键技术;最后实现了分布式环境下连续泊位分配系统.实验结果表明,该系统可以有效的提高连续泊位分配问题的执行效率.     

μC/OS-II在煤矿井下环境监测系统中的应用

针对常见煤矿井下环境检测仪检测参数单一、占用传输线较多的缺点,本文设计了多传感器融合的井下环境检测系统。该系统对采集到的信息进行数据融合,使系统决策更加科学合理,同时减少了巷道内的走线数量。实际使用表明,系统具有较好的实时性、可靠性,并具有良好的扩展和升级能力。     

资源与环境信息系统的元数据组织与使用

由于建立资源与环境信息系统的统一元数据构架是对资源环境数据和模型实现管理和知识共享的有效途径之一,且由于资源与环境信息系统中的狭义数据已有描述其规格、质量控制和共享限制的元数据标准,为了能有组织地记录资源环境狭义数据和模型方法的详细信息,因此在对已有资源与环境信息系统中的元数据标准进行分析的基础上,首次提出模型方法元数据的概念,并指出资源与环境信息系统中对模型方法的规范描述即构成模型的方法元数据,还指出完备的资源环境元数据由狭义数据的元数据和模型方法的元数据组成。实践结果显示,基于元数据来实现系统集成和知识共享是可行的选择。