铸态球铁

铸态球铁广州钢铁厂古联章一、概述我们进行了铸态球铁的试验，试验对象为ＱＴ４２－１０，通过３０炉次的工艺试验及生产验证，机械性能中抗拉强度达到５０ｋｇ／ｍｍ２以上，延伸率达１５－２０％，金相组织中球化达２－３级，基体为铁素体和少于１５％的珠光体，完全达...     

铸态球铁制动毂的研制

本文根据制动毂的使用特点，进行了选材；介绍了在单件小批量生产条件下，采用冲天炉熔炼，通过严格控制化学成份，使用稀镁球化剂，含钡复合孕育剂，采用多次小剂量孕育，压边浇冒口铸造工艺等措施，研制成功进口汽车用铸态球铁ＱＴ４５０－１０制动毂的过程，并分析了研制过程中化学成份、出铁温度、球化、孕育处理对铸态球铁铸件质量的影响。     

铸态高综合性能球铁在大型烧结机台车中的应用

铸态高综合性能球铁在大型烧结机台车中的应用湘东冶金机械厂肖培建，蒋崔伟，聂立文１前言国内外铸造工作者就如何在铸态条件下得到高强度的球铁进行了大量的工作，并取得了显著成果，铸态下可达到ＱＴ８００—２至ＱＴ９００—２。但上述球铁强度虽高，其它性能指标相对...     

铸态高韧性球铁冷却壁的试制

本文介绍了重钢公司试制的球铁冷却壁，由于采用ＺＤＳＡ－８－３铸态铁素体球化剂和７０ＳＢ－１变质剂处理铁水，经严格选择和控制化学成分，在冲天炉熔炼条件下，成功获得铸态高韧性球铁冷却壁铸件，为今后公司自产球铁冷却壁奠定了基础。     

低碳球铁研究的现状与展望

低碳球铁是含碳量远低于常规含碳量的球墨铸铁，其突出特点是成本低，性价比高，现已发展成有不同特点的四个品种：铸态高韧塑性铁素体低碳球铁，铸态高强度珠光体低碳球铁，准铸态贝氏体低碳耐磨球铁，铸态耐热、耐蚀奥氏体低碳球铁．低碳球铁开辟了用反球化元素来进行球化的先河，使人们对球化机理有了全新的认识，球化元素与反球化元素没有本质的区别，均为表面活性元素．     

高炉冷却壁生产过程中的质量控制

针对铸态ＱＴ４００－１８高炉冷却壁生产过程中出现的质量问题主要从化学成分和球化剂的选择，铁水熔炼，球化和孕育处理以及铸造工艺方面提出了一些行之有效的解决方法。     

球墨铸铁曲轴部分奥氏体化工艺

为提高曲轴铸件的综合力学性能，通过连续步进式加热方式对铸态球铁曲轴进行部分奥氏体化正火处理，在球铁基体内获得以珠光体为基体、石墨球周边呈分散状破碎铁素体的组织.研究了正火处理工艺参数对基体中铁素体的形貌、含量及铸件力学性能的影响，发现正火温度对铁素体的含量和破碎状态有显著影响，随铁素体含量的增加，试样的抗拉强度下降，韧性、塑性提高，而且铁素体含量对铸件显微组织形貌有明显影响.实验结果表明，该球铁曲轴的优化热处理工艺为：820℃正火保温65 min.在此工艺条件下可以得到破碎铁素体球铁组织，该组织具有较好的综合力学性能.     

稀土镁铸态铁素体球墨铸铁试验

我国铁索体高韧性球铁有两种牌号:QT40—17和QT42—10。它们一般是经高温和低温两阶段石墨化退火或低温石墨化退火得到,也有铸态直接获得的。铸态铁素体球铁由于不用热处理,节省能源,缩短生产周期,减轻工人劳动强度,     

铝对W9Mo3Cr4V高速钢组织和硬度的影响

用Ｘ－射线仪，扫描电镜和透射电镜系统研究了铝对钨钼系高速钢铸态，退火以及淬回火组织的影响，铝含量超过２．０％，淬火组织中出现含析出合金的铁素体组织和晶界屈氏体，导致钢硬的降低。     

铸态高韧性球墨铸铁的研制和应用

对铸态直接获得高韧性球铁进行了研究。试验表明,在保证石墨球化良好的情况下,硅、锰含量是影响铁素体量和延伸率δ%的主要因素,δ%值随着硅的增加和锰的降低而相应地提高,在Si(2.90~3.20)%、Mn(0.15~0.40)%范围内,δ%值可达(19~21)%。这种铸态高韧性球铁成功地用于生产厚大断面和薄壁铸件。     

Bridging the gap between alcoholism treatment research and practice: Identifying what works and why.

Despite the proliferation of alcoholism treatment research over the past 2 decades, there is a continued gap between what has been shown to be promising in the extant literature and what is commonly practiced by clinicians in the alcohol treatment field. The present article is an effort to bridge this gap by examining findings from the broad body of alcoholism treatment outcome research to determine how these findings may optimally be used by treatment providers. To this end, the authors provide clinicians with a succinct review of the current alcoholism treatment outcome literature and identify hallmarks of the most empirically supported treatments. Clinical implications of this literature for practitioners working with client with alcohol use disorders are discussed, with a focus on factors underlying effective treatments and on how these factors can be transferred from research to practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

危险废物处理处置中的废水处理设计

从废水的水质、处理工艺和单体构筑物等方面介绍了某危险废物处理处置中的废水处理设计。该项目采用物化处理+生化处理+深度处理的组合工艺,具有效果好、出水水质稳定等优点,出水可满足《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-96)一级标准的要求。     

Review of The complete psychotherapy treatment planner.

Reviews the book, The complete psychotherapy treatment planner by Arthur E. Jongsma Jr. and Mark Peterson (see record 1995-97453-000). The call for documentation of treatment effectiveness and an accountability of process has spawned a genre of treatment guides intended to help psychotherapists develop a practical framework through which they can meet these expectations. This text by Jongsma and Peterson is first quality in that it is both user friendly and has the depth and comprehensiveness necessary for thorough, accurate, and systematic recording. The format of the text is a six step process for developing a treatment plan applied to 34 clinical problem areas. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

What do women want? Alcohol treatment choices, treatment entry and retention.

Study aims were to assess preferences for individual or conjoint treatment, differences between women with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) selecting each modality, and the impact on treatment entry and retention of providing a choice of treatments. During initial screening, women with AUDs in an intimate relationship with a male partner were given the choice of individual or conjoint treatment. After choosing a treatment modality and completing all assessments they entered one of two randomized trials testing different approaches to each treatment modality. Standardized measures were used to assess drinking quantity, frequency, and problems; motivation to change; and relationship satisfaction. Women's reasons for choice of treatment modality were coded using an iterative coding process. Results showed that women were more likely to select and follow through with individual than conjoint treatment. Women cited a desire to work on individual problems, lack of perceived support from their partner, and logistical issues as reasons for preferring individual treatment. Women in the two choice groups did not differ significantly on individual, partner, or relationship characteristics, but small to medium effect sizes suggested that women choosing individual treatment were more educated and less satisfied with their relationship, had fewer pretreatment heavy drinking days, and heavier drinking partners. Offering women a choice of treatment modality increased the probability of entering treatment, but not treatment attendance. Results suggest that barriers to couple therapy for women with AUDs need to be addressed to facilitate more widespread dissemination. Given women's preferences, it also is important to offer a range of treatments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Treatment Utility of Psychological Assessment.

This article focuses on treatment utility. A definition of treatment utility was provided by S. C. Hayes, R. O. Nelson, and R. B. Jarrett (1987): "We propose to use the phrase the treatment utility of assessment to refer to the degree to which assessment is shown to contribute to beneficial treatment outcome" (p. 963). Various methodologies to examine the treatment utility of assessment are summarized. Treatment utility studies using various assessment procedures (i.e., diagnosis and functional analysis) and various disorders (i.e., unipolar depression, social or interpersonal problems, and phobic disorders) are described. Suggestions are made as to when elaborated assessment and/or treatment utility studies are needed. Limitations on the generalizability of results of any particular treatment utility study are presented. Despite progress, for most assessment procedures and devices, the treatment utility question remains: What is the degree to which assessment is shown to contribute to beneficial treatment outcome? (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Predictors of initiation and engagement in VA substance use disorder (SUD) treatment.

We examined if patient or setting characteristics predict subsequent addiction treatment involvement in a sample of 270,877 Veteran Administration (VA) patients identified with substance use disorders (SUD). Patient characteristics (e.g., gender, age, marital status) and treatment specialty of the unit where the SUD was identified (SUD, Psychiatric, or Other) were used to predict two aspects of treatment involvement, specifically the HEDIS Initiation and Engagement quality indicators (National Committee for Quality Assurance, 2006). Overall, patients who were female, not married, younger, and had their SUDs identified in SUD or Psychiatric treatment units initiated and engaged in treatment at significantly higher rates. For example, a younger, single patient who was identified with an SUD in an SUD specialty unit had a predicted probability of meeting the Initiation criteria of 0.54 compared to 0.14 for an older married patient identified in a general medical setting. This research facilitates the identification of patients with lower likelihoods of initiation and engagement in treatment and may inform intervention efforts to improve rates of initiation and engagement in targeted groups and settings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Short- and long-term smoking cessation for three levels of intensity of behavioral treatment.

Efficacy and costs of 3 levels of medical–behavioral treatment intensity in conjunction with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) were compared in 240 one-pack-a-day smokers: (a) a low-intensity (LI) group that received 8 weeks of NRT (n?=?80) and 1 advice and education (A&E) session with a nurse practitioner (NP); (b) a moderate-intensity (MI) group that was provided NRT and 4 A&E sessions with an NP (n?=?80), and (c) a high-intensity (HI) group that received treatment combining NRT, 4 A&E sessions, and 12 weeks of individualized cognitive–behavioral therapy (n?=?80). Biochemically confirmed abstinence rates at 9, 26, and 52 weeks posttreatment initiation were highest for the HI (45%, 37%, 35%) group, followed by the LI (35%, 30%, and 27%) and MI (27%, 12%, 12%) groups. Group differences approached statistical significance at 9 weeks and were statistically significant at both 26 and 52 weeks. The cost of LI treatment was $308, that of MI was $338, and the HI treatment cost was $582. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Contingency management is efficacious for cocaine abusers with prior treatment attempts.

Efforts are underway to detect subgroups who may be more or less responsive to contingency management (CM) substance abuse treatments. This study examined the impact of prior treatment attempts on primary and posttreatment outcomes in a combined sample of cocaine abusers randomized to standard care substance abuse outpatient treatment (SC) or SC plus CM. Participants (N = 393) were categorized according to self-reported prior treatment attempts (0-1, ≥2). Participants with multiple prior treatment attempts were older, had more severe alcohol and cocaine use disorders, and had greater employment-related problems. Participants with 0?1 prior treatment attempts had comparable treatment retention, regardless of treatment condition; however, among participants with multiple prior treatment attempts, retention was greater for CM than SC. A similar, but nonsignificant (p = .08) pattern was evident for longest duration of abstinence (LDA). LDA was a significant predictor of negative (for cocaine, alcohol, and opiates) specimen results at Month 9. The results provide support for CM as an advantageous option for individuals with multiple prior treatment attempts, as well as for substance abuse treatment patients in general. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Potential of a Combination of UASB and DHS Reactor as a Novel Sewage Treatment System for Developing Countries: Long-Term Evaluation

A novel municipal wastewater treatment system, consisting of a combination of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) posttreatment unit, was continuously evaluated for more than three years with raw sewage as an influent. The system was installed at a sewage treatment site and operated at 25±3°C. This paper reports on the results of a long term monitoring of the system. The whole experimental period was divided into three distinct phases with different operating conditions. Organic pollutants were only partially removed in anaerobic UASB pretreatment unit. The remaining organics as well as nitrogenous compounds were almost completely removed by the DHS posttreatment unit. In all phases the system demonstrated removal efficiency consistently over 95% for unfiltered biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), 80% for unfiltered-chemical oxygen demand and 70% for suspended solids. The system produced an excellent effluent quality with only 4–9?mg/L of residual unfiltered BOD. Dissolved oxygen in the final effluent was 5–7?mg/L although no aeration was provided to DHS system. Moreover, excess sludge production from DHS was negligible thus eliminating secondary sludge that is troublesome to dispose off. The system also exhibited substantial stability against twofold hydraulic shock load and fourfold organic shock load. The results suggested that the proposed system may be a competitive solution for municipal sewage treatment under variable conditions.     

废弃PCB的回收处理技术

废弃印刷电路板(PCB)是一种重要的有色金属二次再生资源.本文就废弃印刷电路板的元素组成和目前国内外应用较广的三种PCB回收处理技术,即湿法处理技术、火法处理技术和物理机械处理技术进行了阐述;并比较了三种技术的优缺点.