混杂纤维增强应变硬化水泥基复合材料的弯曲性能研究

本工作研究了聚乙烯醇-玄武岩纤维混杂应变硬化水泥基复合材料(PB-SHCC)的弯曲性能。水泥基体材料水胶比为0.25,混杂体系中聚乙烯醇纤维分别为体积含量的1.5%和1.7%,再混杂一定体积含量的玄武岩纤维,制备成聚乙烯醇-玄武岩纤维混杂应变硬化水泥基复合材料,标准养护28 d后对该复合材料进行三点弯曲试验。结果表明,PB-SHCC具有弯曲应变硬化的特性,弯曲挠度较单掺体系会有所削弱,但削弱程度不大,仍具有较高的延性;玄武岩纤维的掺量在0.1%～0.3%以及0.8%～1.0%时,均利于复合材料的初裂强度及抗弯强度的提高。此外,本工作基于ASTM C1018和JSCE-SF4标准,改进并定义了弯曲韧性指数和弯曲韧性因子,能够简洁有效地评价SHCC材料的弯曲韧性,且两类指标吻合性较好。     

混杂纤维增强水泥基复合材料的力学性能

研究了化学改性聚丙烯（PP）纤维以及掺加聚丙烯纤维和芳纶纤维混杂比例和混杂效应对水泥基复合材料力学性能的影响,并构建了纤维增强水泥砂浆界面层的物理模型,描述了纤维对水泥砂浆的增强机制。实验表明,聚丙烯纤维经改性后使水泥砂浆前期抗折强度明显提高,聚丙烯纤维和芳纶纤维的混杂使水泥砂浆的后期抗折强度显著提高。改性聚丙烯纤维掺加体积分数为0.56%,芳纶纤维的体积分数为0.24%时,混杂纤维增强水泥砂浆试样较空白试样,3天、28天抗折强度分别提高了18.48%、31.17%,3天、28天抗压强度分别提高了7.16%、5.19%。     

混杂纤维增强应变硬化水泥基复合材料的压缩本构关系

混杂纤维增强应变硬化水泥基复合材料(HyF/SHCC)的力学性能是近年来的研究热点问题之一，但是目前依然欠缺HyF/SHCC压缩本构关系的深入探讨。本文研究了钢纤维(SF)-聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维增强SHCC (SF-PVA/SHCC)的压缩应力-应变全曲线，分析了纤维对HyF/SHCC抗压强度、压缩应变以及压缩韧性的影响。研究发现，在本文研究工况下混杂纤维的引入对材料的抗压强度无明显影响，但是提高了压缩峰值应变。钢纤维对HyF/SHCC压缩韧性的影响较为显著，且随着钢纤维掺量的增大，HyF/SHCC的压缩韧性逐渐提高。基于损伤力学理论，从能量的角度提出了一种新的单轴压缩本构模型，通过与试验曲线的对比，发现该模型可以较好地预测SF-PVA/SHCC的压缩应力-应变关系。      

混杂纤维增强应变硬化水泥基复合材料的拉伸本构关系

钢纤维与聚乙烯醇纤维混杂增强应变硬化水泥基复合材料(SF-PVA/SHCC)的力学性能研究是近年来的热点问题之一,但目前依然欠缺能够完整描述SF-PVA/SHCC拉伸本构关系的理论模型。本文基于混凝土断裂力学和细观力学理论,通过考虑拉伸应力-应变曲线软化段及SF-PVA混杂纤维对SHCC拉伸性能的影响,提出一种新的可适用于SF-PVA/SHCC材料的单轴拉伸本构模型。为了验证模型的有效性,开展了SF-PVA/SHCC单轴拉伸性能试验,分析了纤维种类和掺量对SHCC拉伸强度、拉伸应变及拉伸韧性的影响。通过与试验数据对比发现,本文所提出的拉伸本构模型可以较好地预测SF-PVA/SHCC的拉伸应力-应变关系。      

纤维/混杂纤维-矿渣地质聚合物复合材料的弯曲强度与弯曲韧性

碱激发矿渣地质聚合物存在脆性大、韧性差、易开裂等缺陷。利用纤维/混杂纤维对矿渣地质聚合物进行改性,以纤维-矿渣地质聚合物复合材料的弯曲强度与弯曲韧性作为考察指标,分析了3种单一纤维及2种混杂纤维对矿渣地质聚合物的增强与增韧效果。研究结果表明,碳纤维增强效果优于钢纤维、玄武岩纤维,钢纤维增韧效果优于碳纤维、玄武岩纤维,而玄武岩纤维增强及增韧效果相对较差;碳纤维与钢纤维混杂,可充分发挥碳纤维的增强效应和钢纤维的增韧效应,适当掺量下混杂纤维较单一纤维具有更好的增强与增韧效果;纤维与浆料的容重差对矿渣地质聚合物硬化体的均质性具有重要影响,碳纤维与钢纤维混杂可显著降低不同加载方向下矿渣地质聚合物弯曲强度与弯曲韧性的离散性。     

混杂比对碳纤维-玄武岩纤维混杂增强环氧树脂基复合材料弯曲性能的影响

将玄武岩纤维置于混杂铺层的压缩侧,研究了碳纤维-玄武岩纤维混杂增强环氧树脂基复合材料的弯曲性能及混杂比对其弯曲性能的影响。通过对试样进行三点弯曲试验得到了材料的弯曲性能,并通过扫描电子显微镜观察材料的失效模式。与纯碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料相比,当混杂比为16.7%和33.3%时,混杂复合材料的弯曲强度明显提升,弯曲强度分别提高12.4%和15.2%,但是其弯曲模量随着混杂比的提升而降低。混杂后的材料及玄武岩纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料的失效位移都高于碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料,断裂韧性明显提升。从侧面观察可以发现不同铺层在压缩侧、拉伸侧和中间层有不同的失效形式。      

混杂纤维增强超高性能混凝土弯曲韧性与评价方法

为了研究混掺纤维对超高性能混凝土(UHPC)的增韧效果, 通过161个三点弯曲梁的断裂试验, 测定了4种纤维和不同掺量下各UHPC试件的载荷-裂口张开位移(CMOD)曲线和载荷-挠度曲线。将素UHPC峰值载荷对应的CMOD视为混杂纤维增强UHPC的初裂CMOD值, 基于载荷-CMOD曲线提出了等效断裂韧度的韧性评价方法, 该方法具有明确的物理含义, 可用于分析混掺纤维品种和掺量对UHPC断裂韧性的影响规律。研究发现:在小变形(小于50倍素UHPC峰值载荷对应的CMOD值)时, UHPC韧性取决于钢纤维的掺率;粗合成纤维主要在中等变形和大变形阶段(大于50倍素UHPC峰值载荷对应的CMOD值)发挥其增韧效用。      

绿色路用纤维增强水泥基复合材料制备及其韧性表征

为提高传统混凝土的路面抗变形能力,采用橡胶粉和玄武岩束制备绿色路用纤维增强水泥基复合材料(FRCC)。对材料的力学特性、韧性指标以及微观结构进行分析,结果表明:单掺橡胶粉时,材料的强度随橡胶粉掺量增加整体呈下降趋势,但其折压比随橡胶粉掺量增加有所提高,试件破坏过程中表现出一定的延性。复掺0.6%、0.8%和1.0%玄武岩纤维束时,材料的强度和折压比均有很大程度的提高,其荷载-挠度曲线具有明显的弯曲硬化特征,峰值荷载所对应的挠度比单掺10%橡胶粉的试验组提高了30%~110%,全曲线所包围面积为单掺10%橡胶粉试验组的14.4~30.3倍。采用初始弯曲韧性比进行弯曲韧性表征结果与折压比之间具有良好的线性相关性。     

CaCO_3晶须对钢-聚乙烯醇混杂纤维增强水泥基复合材料板弯曲性能的影响

将廉价的微米级CaCO_3晶须引入毫米级钢纤维与聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维混杂纤维增强水泥基复合材料(HyFRCC),研究CaCO_3晶须对HyFRCC薄板力学性能、破坏形态和尺寸效应的影响,并使用SEM观察HyFRCC微观形貌。试验结果显示,引入晶须后,HyFRCC薄板呈现出良好的弯曲性能及比梁式试件更优良的假性应变硬化和多缝开裂特征,且可以更有效地减小尺寸效应对抗弯强度的影响。微观形貌观察证实掺加晶须后,混杂纤维体系可以在不同尺度上发挥多层次阻裂作用。研究认为,由廉价的CaCO_3晶须部分替代钢纤维和PVA纤维制备的HyFRCC呈现出对板式构件良好的适应性,实现了力学性能优化和经济性提高的双重目标。     

碳酸钙晶须对混杂纤维增强高延性水泥基复合材料力学性能的影响

为了探究碳酸钙晶须对钢纤维/PVA混杂纤维增强高延性水泥基复合材料(HyFRHDCC)力学性能的影响,利用2%体积掺量的廉价碳酸钙晶须替代部分纤维,研究了不同纤维掺量HyFRHDCC的压缩性能和拉伸性能,利用扫描电子显微镜观察了HyFRHDCC的微观结构。研究结果表明,引入碳酸钙晶须能够提高HyFRHDCC的初裂拉伸应变和峰前压缩韧性;在1.5%PVA+0.25%钢纤维HyFRHDCC中掺入2%碳酸钙晶须可以改善材料的拉伸性能;当PVA纤维减少至1%时,HyFRHDCC出现了明显的应变软化行为。微观形貌分析发现,碳酸钙晶须能够通过裂纹偏转、晶须拔出以及裂缝桥联等微观机制改善HyFRHDCC的应变硬化行为。     

Controlling fracture toughness of matrix for ductile fiber reinforced cementitious composites

An experimental study was carried out to find material parameters for making fiber reinforced cementitious composites (FRCC) more ductile. One of the dominant factors to control the ductility might be hidden in fracture property of matrix as well as the interface property between fiber and matrix. Therefore this study varied air content and water-binder ratio as the parameters to change the fracture property of matrix and experimentally examined their influence on the ductility of FRCC by three-point bend test with notched beams. As a result, it is concluded that fracture toughness of the matrix could be one of key parameters to control the ductility of FRCC. In case of a polyethylene fiber used in this study, the optimum value of the fracture toughness (critical strain energy release rate): G_IC of the matrix was obtained to be 7.5-8.0 N/m.     

Effect of shrinkage reducing admixture on flexural behaviors of fiber reinforced cementitious composites

The use of shrinkage reducing admixture (SRA) at various concentrations was investigated in fiber reinforced cementitious composites. Both mortar and high strength concrete (HSC) matrices were tested. Two types of fibers—steel and polypropylene—were assessed. The effect of SRA was measured on the fundamental properties such as surface tension of the bulk fluids and the contact angle developed between the fibers and the bulk fluids, on the fresh properties such as the air content and the density, and finally on the hardened mechanical properties, specially the flexural behaviors. It was noted that SRA enhances the wettability of fibers and reduces the air content of fiber reinforced cement mortars, while critical SRA concentrations are existing. SRA with critical concentration can significantly improve the flexural toughness and residual strength of steel fiber reinforced cement mortar. In the case of polypropylene fiber, SRA is not as effective in enhancing the flexural behaviors as it is in the case of steel fiber. SRA is generally ineffective in reducing the air content of HSC and the properties of steel fiber reinforced HSC with SRA are inferior to those without SRA.     

Multiple cracking response of plasma treated polyethylene fiber reinforced cementitious composites under flexural loading

The effects of low frequency cold plasma treatments on the microstructure and chemistry of Polyethylene (PE) have been investigated. PE plates and fibers were exposed to plasmas of argon and oxygen gases. The surface wettabilities of plasma-treated plates were monitored. Possible physical changes on fiber surfaces were observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at micrometer scale and by an atomic force microscope (AFM) at nanometer scale after this process. The effects of plasma treatment on surface chemistry of PE fibers have been analyzed by using an X-ray photoemission spectroscope (XPS). The fibers modified by plasma treatments were used in prismatic cementitious composites. The flexural performance of samples were characterized at two different ages (28 days and 8 months). Results showed that plasma treatment caused significant modifications on fibers’ surface structure and composites’ performance. Proper plasma treatment conditions significantly leads to improvement of multiple cracking behavior of fiber reinforced composites.     

Effect of hybrid fiber reinforcement on the cracking process in fiber reinforced cementitious composites

The simultaneous use of different types of fibers as reinforcement in cementitious matrix composites is typically motivated by the underlying principle of a multi-scale nature of the cracking processes in fiber reinforced cementitious composites. It has been hypothesized that while undergoing tensile deformations in the composite, the fibers with different geometrical and mechanical properties restrain the propagation and further development of cracking at different scales from the micro- to the macro-scale. The optimized design of the fiber reinforcing systems requires the objective assessment of the contribution of each type of fiber to the overall tensile response. Possible synergistic effects resulting from particular combinations of fibers need to be clearly identified. In the present study, the evaluation of the response of different fiber reinforced cementitious composite materials is carried out by assessing directly their tensile stress-crack opening behavior. The efficiency of hybrid fiber reinforcements and the multi-scale nature of cracking processes are discussed based on the experimental results obtained, as well as the micro-mechanisms underlying the contribution of different fibers to bridge cracks resulting from tensile loading.     

Effect of hybrid fiber reinforcement on the cracking process in fiber reinforced cementitious composites

The simultaneous use of different types of fibers as reinforcement in cementitious matrix composites is typically motivated by the underlying principle of a multi-scale nature of the cracking processes in fiber reinforced cementitious composites. It has been hypothesized that while undergoing tensile deformations in the composite, the fibers with different geometrical and mechanical properties restrain the propagation and further development of cracking at different scales from the micro- to the macro-scale. The optimized design of the fiber reinforcing systems requires the objective assessment of the contribution of each type of fiber to the overall tensile response. Possible synergistic effects resulting from particular combinations of fibers need to be clearly identified. In the present study, the evaluation of the response of different fiber reinforced cementitious composite materials is carried out by assessing directly their tensile stress-crack opening behavior. The efficiency of hybrid fiber reinforcements and the multi-scale nature of cracking processes are discussed based on the experimental results obtained, as well as the micro-mechanisms underlying the contribution of different fibers to bridge cracks resulting from tensile loading.     

Multiple effects of nano-SiO2 and hybrid fibers on properties of high toughness fiber reinforced cementitious composites with high-volume fly ash

This article explores multiple effects of nano-SiO₂ and hybrid fibers on the flowability, microstructure and flexural properties of high toughness fiber reinforced cementitious composites. Only a little negative influences of nano-SiO₂ and hybrid fibers on the flowability are observed. SEM and MIP analysis reveal that nano-SiO₂ results in much smaller pore size in the composites. However, the porosity increases gradually with nano-SiO₂ addition. Three-point bending test results show that nano-SiO₂ increases the flexural strength of the composites with nearly equivalent deformability, but higher strength of the matrix leads to wider cracks. Due to larger volume fraction and higher modulus, hybrid fibers effectively mitigate this adverse influence on crack width and further enhance the flexural strength. The composites reinforced with 1.4% steel fiber and 2.5% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber exhibit the best flexural properties in the test. Finally, a simplified model is proposed to illustrate the reinforced mechanism of steel-PVA fibers.     

PVA纤维水泥基复合材料与钢筋粘结性能研究

PVA纤维水泥基复合材料与钢筋之间的粘结性能,是二者安全、稳定、耐久工作的前提和保证。通过中心拉拔实验,探讨了PVA纤维水泥基复合材料和钢筋粘结滑移研究中影响因素及本构关系问题,测试得到了粘结滑移曲线,通过对加载到破坏全过程的受力分析及基材中纤维的特性分析,在已有模型的基础上,根据振动阻尼的理论提出一种新的粘结-滑移本构关系模型。并与实验结果和已有模型比较。新构建的粘结-滑移本构关系能较好地反映PVA纤维水泥基复合材料和钢筋的受力全过程,与实验结果比较吻合。可为PVA纤维水泥基复合材料与钢筋性能的非线性有限元法分析提供参考和依据;为有关规程的修订提供了依据。     

Evaluation of the consistency of fiber reinforced cementitious composites

The rheological properties of fresh concrete, mortar or cement paste are among the most important parameters when cementitious building materials are placed. New material designs, like high or ultrahigh performance concretes, include the addition of a high volume of fibers to the fresh mix influencing its workability properties. However, the analysis of the rheological properties of fiber reinforced cementitious composites is difficult. Conventional methods mostly do not apply, especially when a high fiber content and relatively stiff mixtures are used. For this reason, a new method was developed to evaluate the workability of fiber reinforced composites. This method was applied to carbon and PVA fiber reinforced high performance composites and was used to optimize the rheological properties of these composites for an application in a centrifugation casting process.     

混合配筋钢纤维增强混凝土梁受弯承载力试验及理论计算

为研究玻璃纤维增强聚合物复合材料(GFRP)筋与普通钢筋混合配筋钢纤维增强混凝土(SF/混凝土)梁的受弯性能及其受弯承载力计算方法,在考虑受拉区混凝土抗拉强度的基础上,给出混合配筋SF/混凝土梁的界限配筋率及受弯承载力计算公式;在此基础上设计制作了三种配筋方式的SF/混凝土梁,重点探讨了混合配筋率及筋材面积比(A_f/A_s)对试验梁失效模式和受弯承载力的影响;同时,借助已有相关试验结果,对比分析了混凝土强度对混合配筋SF/混凝土梁受弯性能的影响。试验和对比分析结果表明:混合配筋SF/混凝土梁正截面应变仍符合平截面假定;相同配筋形式下,混合配筋SF/混凝土梁的受弯承载力和跨中挠度随筋材面积比A_f/A_s的增加而增大;单层配筋梁的受弯承载力比双层配筋梁大;合理提高混凝土强度可在充分发挥GFRP筋抗拉作用的同时进一步提高混合配筋SF/混凝土梁的受弯承载力;采用本文给出的界限配筋率公式能有效预测混合配筋SF/混凝土梁的失效模式;梁受弯承载力建议公式的预测值与试验值吻合较好,具有良好的适用性。