再生骨料透水混凝土的透水性和抗压强度

为系统掌握再生骨料透水混凝土的制备和性能变化规律,采用实验手段研究了再生骨料透水混凝土的透水性能和抗压强度。参考一般混凝土试验方法,分析在不同骨料粒径组合下原生骨料透水混凝土透水性能和抗压强度的差异。在此基础上,选择透水性能和抗压强度均较优的骨料粒径组合,在其中加入再生骨料,探究不同再生骨科取代率对再生骨料透水混凝土透水性能和抗压强度的影响以及透水系数与抗压强度间的相关性。结果表明:(1)对于采用的粒径组合(10 mm+20 mm),再生骨料透水混凝土的抗压强度较原生骨料透水混凝土高,当取代率不超过50%时,其抗压强度随取代量的增加而增大,但当取代率超过50%时,其抗压强度则有所下降;(2)再生骨料透水混凝土的透水性能较原生骨料透水混凝土好,透水系数随取代量的增加会有30%~195%的增幅;(3)与原生骨料透水混凝土抗压强度随透水系数增加持续下降变化不同,再生骨料透水混凝土的抗压强度随透水系数的增加会呈先上升后下降的变化。     

基于再生粗骨料裹浆厚度的含砂透水混凝土配合比设计方法

研究了不同水胶比下外加剂掺量对胶凝材料净浆流动度的影响,以及净浆流动度、中砂/净浆质量比双因素耦合作用下再生粗骨料裹覆砂浆厚度的变化规律;建立了胶凝材料净浆流动度与外加剂掺量,再生粗骨料裹覆砂浆厚度与净浆流动度、中砂/净浆质量比两个数学关联模型,并将两个数学关联模型应用到透水混凝土配合比设计中.结果表明,再生粗骨料裹覆砂浆厚度随砂浆流动度减小而增大,且骨料粒径愈大,其裹覆厚度愈大.采用再生骨料RCA-9.5配制含砂透水混凝土,其砂浆浆体稳定包裹再生粗骨料,无漏浆封底、露骨散架等问题;混凝土试件28 d抗压强度为14.1～17.1 MPa,28 d抗折强度为2.0～2.7 MPa,透水系数大于6 mm·s-1,抗冻性和耐磨性良好.     

地聚物基透水混凝土的制备与性能

透水混凝土因具有透水透气、吸声减噪等功能而被广泛研究和关注。然而,其普遍存在孔隙结构,造成受力不均,使得透水混凝土只能用于低荷载的路面。为了提高透水混凝土的强度和耐久性,本研究将地聚物作为透水混凝土的胶凝材料,并采用正交试验研究了最佳配比,分析了孔隙率、骨料粒径、激固比、矿渣掺量、水玻璃模数对其性能的影响。以抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、透水系数、抗冻性为指标,拟合分析了孔隙率与透水系数、透水系数与抗压强度、孔隙率与抗劈裂强度之间的关系。结果表明:目标孔隙率15%、激固比60%、骨料粒径2～5 mm、水玻璃模数1. 4、矿渣掺量20%为最优配比,所得地聚物透水混凝土的28 d抗压强度为33 MPa,抗劈裂强度为2. 4 MPa,透水系数为8. 4 mm/s,抗冻性能达标。     

基于Weibull分布的不同冻融介质下再生骨料透水混凝土耐久性能研究

为探究不同环境下再生骨料透水混凝土(RPC)耐久性变化规律,以3种再生骨料替代率(0、30%、50%)和4种冻融介质(H₂O、3.5%NaCl、5%Na₂SO₄、3.5%NaCl+5%Na₂SO₄)为变量进行冻融试验。定期测定RPC质量损失率和相对抗压强度损失率,对RPC取样并进行扫描电镜(SEM)分析,以冻融试验下RPC相对抗压强度损失率为依据,利用Weibull函数对RPC进行寿命预测。结果表明,同一环境下,RPC质量损失率和相对抗压强度损失率随着再生骨料替代率的增加而增加;同一再生骨料替代率下,3.5%NaCl、5%Na₂SO₄、3.5%NaCl+5%Na₂SO₄均加速RPC冻融破坏,3.5%NaCl+5%Na₂SO₄对RPC质量损失率和相对抗压强度损失率影响最严重。由SEM分析可知RPC内部孔隙和侵蚀产物数量均因循环次数和冻融介质的变化呈现...     

纤维素等若干因素对仿钢纤维增强透水混凝土性能的影响

本实验研究了不同仿钢纤维掺量(0%、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%)对透水混凝土抗压强度和透水系数的影响,并分析了骨料粒径、细骨料、纤维素等因素对仿钢纤维增强透水混凝土抗压强度和透水性能的影响。研究表明:仿钢纤维能够在一定程度上提高透水混凝土的早期强度;随仿钢纤维掺量的增加,透水混凝土28 d的抗压强度呈先上升后下降趋势,即存在最优掺量;当仿钢纤维掺量增加时,透水混凝土的透水能力先下降后上升;透水混凝土的抗压强度随骨料粒径的增大而降低,透水系数随骨料粒径的增大而明显增大;细骨料会使透水混凝土的早期抗压强度降低,但会提高透水混凝土28 d的抗压强度;随着细骨料取代量的增加,透水混凝土的透水系数先增大后减小;透水混凝土的抗压强度随纤维素掺量的增加而降低,透水系数随纤维素掺量的增加而增大。本研究可为实际透水混凝土施工过程中外掺料的选择提供参考。     

再生细骨料对蓄水层渗蓄性能的影响

为了给海绵城市建设中蓄水层使用再生砖骨料提供科学依据,以进一步推动建筑垃圾资源化的发展,通过改变单粒级细骨料蓄水层的粒径与再生骨料掺量,探究了各种因素对骨料蓄水层蓄水能力及透水能力的影响。结果表明,当骨料粒径减小时,蓄水层蓄水能力因骨料间隙储水能力的增加而增大;当再生骨料掺量增加时,蓄水层蓄水能力因骨料自身吸水能力的增加而增大;在此过程中,蓄水层的透水能力呈现相反的规律,因此在需要综合考虑透水与蓄水能力的海绵城市设施中应用再生骨料蓄水层时需按要求对骨料粒径以及再生骨料掺量进行调整。     

橡胶再生粗骨料混凝土的性能试验研究

为研究橡胶再生粗骨料混凝土的力学性能和疲劳性能,该文采用不同配合比橡胶再生粗骨料混凝土,进行了力学性能和疲劳性能试验。结果表明：1）再生粗骨料混凝土的抗压强度比普通混凝土提高了9.8%,但抗折强度比普通混凝土低,其弹性模量略有下降。2）再生粗骨料混凝土的基本力学性能随废弃橡胶颗粒的掺入有较显著的下降,折压比随之增加,峰值挠度、峰值应变和极限应变在一定范围内随橡胶颗粒含量的增加而增加。3）当橡胶颗粒掺量为20%时,橡胶再生粗骨料混凝土的极限应变是无橡胶再生粗骨料混凝土的3.46倍,同时显著增强了混凝土的疲劳寿命。     

界面过渡区厚度对再生混凝土损伤性能的影响分析

界面过渡区一直是混凝土和再生混凝土的薄弱点,为了进一步研究界面过渡区对再生混凝土损伤性能的影响.本文工作对再生混凝土界面过渡区厚度的计算公式进行了推导,得到了再生混凝土界面过渡区的厚度定量计算公式,并计算了再生骨料掺量为30％(质量分数)的再生混凝土中不同粒径骨料的界面过渡区厚度.采用混凝土模型试验方法,运用有限元分析软件对普通混凝土界面过渡区厚度为0.05 mm和再生混凝土界面过渡区厚度分别为1 mm、2 mm、3 mm、4 mm的混凝土模型进行了模拟分析.结果表明,不同厚度的界面过渡区对再生混凝土损伤开裂强度影响明显,随界面过渡区厚度的增加,再生混凝土损伤开裂荷载不断降低;再生混凝土的损伤开裂都是从界面过渡区开始的,且随界面过渡区厚度增加,损伤程度增加;与普通混凝土相比,当界面过渡区厚度不超过2 mm(再生骨料替代率不超过30％)时,再生混凝土损伤开裂荷载降低不明显.     

PVA和再生骨料对混凝土基本特性的影响

为研究聚乙烯醇（PVA）纤维和再生骨料对混凝土基本性能的影响规律,利用再生骨料以0%,25%,50%,75%和100%的比例替代天然骨料,并添加体积分数分别为0.25%,0.5%和1%的聚乙烯醇（PVA）纤维制备混凝土试样,然后进行物理和力学试验。结果表明：随着再生骨料掺量的增加,混凝土的密度、抗压强度和弹性模量均先增后减,而超声波速则单调减。随着聚乙烯醇（PVA）纤维含量的增加,密度和超声波速逐渐降低;抗压强度、抗拉强度和弹性模量逐渐增加;根据结果得再生骨料和聚乙烯醇（PVA）纤维的最优掺量分别为25%～50%和0.5%。相关性分析表明再生骨料混凝土的密度、抗压强、超声波速之间具有一定的线性相关性;SEM分析证明纤维在混凝土内部重叠交错分布,有利于提高混凝土的力学特性。     

钢纤维橡胶再生混凝土的抗冻性试验

为使废弃混凝土和再生橡胶在北方地区混凝土工程中得以应用,采用正交试验法研究再生粗骨料掺量、再生粗骨料强化方式、钢纤维掺量与橡胶掺量对钢纤维橡胶再生混凝土(C45)立方体抗压强度和抗冻性的影响规律。利用扫描电镜和螺旋CT扫描技术研究了钢纤维橡胶再生混凝土的宏观和细观结构及其对抗冻性能的影响机理。结果表明:橡胶颗粒掺量是影响再生混凝土含气量、抗压强度和相对动弹模量的重要因素,再生粗骨料掺量是影响相对动弹模量和强度损失率的次要因素,钢纤维掺量对混凝土抗压强度增强作用较小,粗骨料强化方式对混凝土性能影响不大;橡胶颗粒与砂浆界面的裂缝宽度在5~55μm之间,二者之间的相容性较差;当橡胶颗粒掺量(与砂的体积比)大于20%后,随橡胶颗粒掺量增大,混凝土内部孔洞数目增多,钢纤维橡胶再生混凝土抗压强度降低、抗冻性减弱。     

骨料种类与品质对透水混凝土性能影响的研究进展

骨料作为支撑透水材料空间骨架结构的原料,其形状、粒径范围及分布、种类与品质都对材料强度、透水性及耐久性产生重要的影响。文章从透水混凝土的骨料种类与品质要求为切入点,介绍了应用于透水混凝土中的天然骨料,建筑垃圾、工业固废、人造骨料及生活垃圾底渣等再生骨料与砂基细骨料的基本物理化学特性,重点综述了各类骨料对透水混凝土强度、透水性、耐久性及水质净化等性能影响的研究进展,并进行了简要分析与总结。最后,提出了透水混凝土可以通过对骨料的质量控制来提升其透水时效性与耐久性,指出未来需扩大透水混凝土行业协同处置废弃物的范围与能力。     

Residue strength,water absorption and pore size distributions of recycled aggregate concrete after exposure to elevated temperatures

In this paper, the effects of high temperature exposure of recycled aggregate concretes in terms of residual strengths, capillary water absorption capacity and pore size distribution are discussed. Two mineral admixtures, fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace (GGBS) were used in the experiment to partially replace ordinary Portland cement for concrete production. The water to cementitious materials ratio was maintained at 0.50 for all the concrete mixes. The replacement levels of natural aggregates by recycled aggregates were at 0%, 50% and 100%. The concretes were exposed separately to 300 °C, 500 °C and 800 °C, and the compressive and splitting tensile strength, capillary water coefficient, porosity and pore size distribution were determined before and after the exposure to the high temperatures. The results show that the concretes made with recycled aggregates suffered less deteriorations in mechanical and durability properties than the concrete made with natural aggregates after the high temperature exposures.     

Durability of recycled aggregate concrete prepared with carbonated recycled concrete aggregates

The mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) incorporating carbonated recycled concrete aggregates (RCAs) have previously been reported. However, the durability of RAC prepared with carbonated RCAs remains to be accessed. In this study, the durability properties of RAC prepared with non-carbonated RCAs and carbonated RCAs, in terms of deformation (drying shrinkage), water absorption and permeability (bulk electrical conductivity, gas and chloride ion permeability), are presented. The experimental results indicated that: (i) the incorporation of the carbonated RCAs in RAC not only helped to reduce the water absorption of RAC, but also reduced its permeability; (ii) when 100% carbonated NRCAs was used, the improvement extent of impermeability was 15.1%, 36.4% and 42.4% for bulk electrical conductivity, chloride ion permeability and gas permeability, respectively. Comparing the results of the mechanical and durability properties, the CO₂ curing treatment of RCAs had a greater beneficial impact on the durability properties of the RAC; and (iii) there was a good correlation between the water absorption of RAC and its permeability indicators. The water absorption value of RAC may be used as a criterion of the durability of RAC.     

How do recycled concrete aggregates modify the shrinkage and self-healing properties?

This paper presents the main results of a research carried out to analyze the mechanical properties, intrinsic permeability, drying shrinkage, carbonation, and the self-healing potential of concrete incorporating recycled concrete aggregates. The recycled concrete mixtures were designed by replacing natural aggregates with 0%, 30%, and 100% of recycled concrete gravel (RG) and 30% of recycled concrete sand (RS). The water to equivalent binder ratio was kept constant and recycled concrete aggregates were initially at saturated surface dried (SSD) state. The contribution of the porosity of natural and recycled aggregates to the porosity of concrete was estimated to understand the evolution of the intrinsic permeability and the open porosity. At long term, the maximum variation of drying shrinkage magnitude due to recycled concrete gravels did not exceed 15%. The correlation between drying shrinkage and mass-loss through “drying depth” concept showed that recycled concrete aggregates are affected by drying as soon as concrete is exposed to desiccation. A good correlation between 1-day compressive strength and 18-month carbonation depth was observed. The recycled concrete aggregates presented a good potential for self-healing as the relative recovery of cracks reached up to 60%.     

Influence of field recycled coarse aggregate on properties of concrete

This paper investigates the influence of different amounts of recycled coarse aggregates obtained from a demolished RCC culvert 15 years old on the properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). A new term called “coarse aggregate replacement ratio (CRR)” is introduced and is defined as the ratio of weight of recycled coarse aggregate to the total weight of coarse aggregate in a concrete mix. To analyze the behaviour of concrete in both the fresh and hardened state, a coarse aggregate replacement ratio of 0, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.0 are adopted in the concrete mixes. The properties namely compressive and indirect tensile strengths, modulus of elasticity, water absorption, volume of voids, density of hardened concrete and depth of chloride penetration are studied. From the experimental results it is observed that the concrete cured in air after 7 days of wet curing shows better strength than concrete cured completely under water for 28 days for all coarse aggregate replacement ratios. The volume of voids and water absorption of recycled aggregate concrete are 2.61 and 1.82% higher than those of normal concrete due to the high absorption capacity of old mortar adhered to recycled aggregates. The relationships among compressive strength, tensile strengths and modulus of elasticity are developed and verified with the models reported in the literature for both normal and recycled aggregate concrete. In addition, the non-destructive testing parameters such as rebound number and UPV (Ultrasonic pulse velocity) are reported. The study demonstrates the potential use of field recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) in concrete.     

Lightweight mortar made with recycled polyurethane foam

This paper presents results of an experimental study on the use of rigid polyurethane foam wastes with cement-based mixtures to produce lightweight mortar. Several mortar grades were obtained by mixing cement with different amounts of polyurethane, aggregate and water. Dosages were varied to replace aggregates with recycled polyurethane, while the amount of water was optimized to obtain good workability. Rigid polyurethane was ground to particle sizes of less than 4 mm prior to use as an aggregate substitute. The characteristics of the test specimens were defined and they were tested in both a fresh and a hardened state. Results show that an increase in the amount of polyurethane affects the mortar, decreasing its density and mechanical properties while increasing its workability, permeability, and occluded air content. These results confirm that mortar produced with recycled polyurethane is comparable to lightweight mortar made with traditional materials.     

Effect of ground fly ash and ground bagasse ash on the durability of recycled aggregate concrete

This research aims to study the effect of ground fly ash (GFA) and ground bagasse ash (GBA) on the durability of recycled aggregate concrete. Recycled aggregate concrete was produced with recycled aggregate to fully replace crushed limestone in the mix proportion of conventional concrete (CON) and GFA and GBA were used to partially replace Portland cement type I at the rate of 20%, 35%, and 50% by weight of binder. Compressive strength, water permeability, chloride penetration depth, and expansion by sulfate attack on concretes were investigated.The results reveal that the use of GFA and GBA to partially replace cement in recycled aggregate concrete was highly effective in improving the durability of recycled aggregate concrete. The suitable replacement of GFA or GBA in recycled aggregate concrete to obtain the suitable compressive strength, low water permeability, high chloride penetration resistance, and high sulfate resistance is 20% by weight of binder.     

Carbonation behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete

This paper reviews the effect of incorporating recycled aggregates, sourced from construction and demolition waste, on the carbonation behaviour of concrete. It identifies various influencing aspects related to the use of recycled aggregates, such as replacement level, size and origin, as well as the influence of curing conditions, use of chemical admixtures and additions, on carbonation over a long period of time. A statistical analysis on the effect of introducing increasing amounts of recycled aggregates on the carbonation depth and coefficient of accelerated carbonation is presented. This paper also presents the use of existing methodologies to estimate the required accelerated carbonation resistance of a reinforced recycled aggregate concrete exposed to natural carbonation conditions with the use of accelerated carbonation tests. Results show clear increasing carbonation depths with increasing replacement levels when recycled aggregate concrete mixes are made with a similar mix design to that of the control natural aggregate concrete. The relationship between the compressive strength and coefficients of accelerated carbonation is similar between the control concrete and the recycled aggregate concrete mixes.     

Caractérisation de la durabilité des bétons recyclés à base de gros et fins granulats de briques et de béton concassés

Among the transport phenomena, water absorption, water permeability and shrinkage prove to be of primary and great importance for the evaluation of durability of recycled concrete with coarse and fine recycled aggregates. Either coarse aggregates, fine aggregates or both coarse and fine aggregates were partially replaced (25, 50, 75 and 100%) with crushed concrete and brick aggregates. The results indicate that water absorption is high and water permeability can be double that of concrete made with 100% natural aggregate concrete. This study also showed that recycled concrete mix having the highest water absorption and water permeably corresponds always to the mix with the highest shrinkage. The physical and mechanical properties of recycled concretes seem to be acceptable.     

Properties of self-compacting concrete prepared with coarse and fine recycled concrete aggregates

In this study, the fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) using recycled concrete aggregate as both coarse and fine aggregates were evaluated. Three series of SCC mixtures were prepared with 100% coarse recycled aggregates, and different levels of fine recycled aggregates were used to replace river sand. The cement content was kept constant for all concrete mixtures. The SCC mixtures were prepared with 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% fine recycled aggregates, the corresponding water-to-binder ratios (W/B) were 0.53 and 0.44 for the SCC mixtures in Series I and II, respectively. The SCC mixtures in Series III were prepared with 100% recycled concrete aggregates (both coarse and fine) but three different W/B ratios of 0.44, 0.40 and 0.35 were used. Different tests covering fresh, hardened and durability properties of these SCC mixtures were executed. The results indicate that the properties of the SCCs made from river sand and crushed fine recycled aggregates showed only slight differences. The feasibility of utilizing fine and coarse recycled aggregates with rejected fly ash and Class F fly ash for self-compacting concrete has been demonstrated.