共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
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开展了干冰喷射去除通风管道表面防锈漆条件实验及通风管道表面放射性污染去污实验。实验结果表明,采用干冰喷射去污技术去除通风管道表面防锈漆涂层时,防锈漆去除质量随喷嘴行走速度的增加而下降;在5~30 mm范围内的最佳靶距为20 mm;在54°~90°(90°时为垂直喷射)范围内的最佳入射角度为80°;干冰颗粒直径为3 mm时去除防锈漆效果较好;干冰喷射去除通风管道表面防锈漆速度可达0.6 m2/h。对某放化实验室风管表面松散污染去污效率可达95%以上。 相似文献
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4.4去污去污就是将附着在设备、管道、工具或其它固体表面的放射性污染物去除掉。通常去污并不能彻底地去除全部的污染物,但能降低辐射危险并使废物经去污后成为放射性水平更低一级的废物。另一方面,去污过程将产生含有被去除污染物的二次废物。去污技术广义地可分为机械和化学去污两大类,实际上这两种去污过程常结合在一起使用或交替使用,因此这种分类多少有点任意性。下面讨论这两种去污过程及其所特别适用的废物类型。4.4.1机械去污机械去污就是根据物理作用去除表面污染。有多种方法可供选择,如:擦拭/擦洗法、研磨/机械… 相似文献
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基于ACP100废气源项,对“活性炭加压吸附”废气处理技术(即“压缩+活性炭延迟衰变”工艺),与M310堆型的加压贮存和AP1000、VVER的常压吸附技术进行对比分析,发现“压缩+活性炭延迟衰变”工艺的炭装量同比常压吸附减少75%,衰变容积同比加压贮存减少92%;处理后废气的放射性活度浓度,同比M310和AP1000分别下降47%和93%;二次废物产生量小,二次固废产生量设计值为1.2 m3/a。综上,“压缩+活性炭延迟衰变”废气处理工艺,既解决了现有技术问题,还具备净化效果好、二次废物产生量低、占地面积小和经济性好等优点,在其他工程具备可应用和推广性。 相似文献
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根据国际上焚烧技术发展趋势,针对我国放射性废物管理的特点,中国辐射防护研究院自主开发出多用途放射性废物热解焚烧技术,在国内应用近20年,建成3座焚烧设施。这些焚烧设施运行、处理了大量低放废物,具有净化效率高、减容效果好、核素控制好等特点,验证了热解焚烧系统的稳定性、可靠性与先进性。中国辐射防护研究院针对早期焚烧设施运行中出现的问题,不断进行完善与改进,降低了设备腐蚀问题;提高了系统运行的安全性、稳定性;减少了二次废物的产生量;并进一步提高了焚烧系统的自动化程度和对高塑料橡胶含量废物的兼容处理能力。经过这些技术改进,国内多用途放射性废物热解焚烧技术逐渐完善。 相似文献
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国际原子能机构(UAEA)在相关标准中已明确指出:“在核设施设计阶段和运行阶段就应该考虑退役”。随着我国核电厂建设步伐的加快,对核设施退役技术的研究也日益受到重视。在核设施退役中,建筑物表面的去污是重点和难点,国外就此项技术开展了多年的研究和试验,并在实践中得到了应用,取得了令人满意的效果。本文对国外一些先进、成熟的建筑物表面去污技术和设备,就其在去污效果、去樗效率和二次废物产生量方面进行了分析和比较。这些技术可供我国核电厂及其他核设施退役时借鉴。 相似文献
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在核动力装置检修或者退役过程中,常常会应用高压水射流对现场的放射性污染进行去除。在常规高压水射流去污装置的基础上,提出了一种基于比例-积分-微分(PID)的电动调节控制,研究压力与流量单独控制在高压水射流去污中的应用。经过理论分析结合去污实验验证,结果表明:采用改进的流量与压力同步控制方法,在高压水射流去污过程中,在其他影响因素相同的情况下,采用较大的水流量,去污因子反而较小,但是这种变化趋势是趋于平缓的。因此,采用改进后的高压水射流去污装置在相同压力下达到相同的去污效果,可以明显减少二次放射性废液产生量,具有较高的市场应用价值。 相似文献
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【日本《原子能视野》2001年2月刊第47页报道】 日本化学研究所与富山大学的氢同位素科学中心合作,共同开发出了用臭氧处理氚污染物的干法去污技术,并申请了专利。据说这种技术最多可除去87%的粘在金属表面的氚而毋需拆解被氚污染的核设施,并可最大限度地减少二次废物的排放。核燃料循环开发机构的“普贤”堆(ATR)等核设施不久就要进行退役作业,该项技术将有望在拆解中发挥高效去污作用。 化学研究所的所长蓼沼说,与富山大学共同开发干法技术是“为了减少核设施退役及今后管理所需的巨大费用,降低废物产生量,提高退役作业的效率”。与传… 相似文献
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《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2013,50(7):798-805
A new removal method for metal oxide layers formed on steel surfaces was developed as a dry decontamination technique for radioactively contaminated metal waste. In this method, surface oxide layers formed on metal wastes are fused with glass flux and the resulting hot glass layers are removed by thermal quenching using dry ice blasting. After optimization of operating conditions in each process, removal tests were carried out using oxidized stainless and carbon steel samples, which were prepared in boiling water reactor conditions. The experimental results indicated that the surface oxide layers were fused into the glass flux such as borax by a bead reaction and successfully removed by dry ice blasting. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed that no oxide layer remained on the oxidized steel samples after treatment by the present method. 相似文献
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含Ce(Ⅳ)去污工艺是将强氧化剂Ce(Ⅳ)作为去污剂实施去污技术的统称,其为高效的放射性污染金属去污工艺。但其产生的废液存在残留的Ce(Ⅳ)腐蚀处理设备、NH3释放影响环境和人体健康、含有的有机质影响后续处理工艺等问题。本工作结合Ce(Ⅳ)/HNO3、氧化凝胶和氧化泡沫等去污技术,对去污废液安全问题与处理方法进行了初步研究。研究结果表明,通过还原法可去除废液中残留的Ce(Ⅳ)、加热煮沸可有效去除NH3、臭氧氧化处理工艺能显著破坏分解废液中含有的有机质,进而提高去污废液的安全性。 相似文献
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《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2013,50(4):449-458
The decontamination technique is required to have a high decontamination rate and decontamination factor, to be applied to irregularly formed metallic wastes, and to minimize secondary waste volume for component replacement and decomissioning. The authors have developed a new decontamination technique using Ce4+ for decomissioning, namely “REDOX decontamination technique”. In previous paper, the REDOX decontamination conditions and stainless steel and carbon steel dissolution conditions were established in fundamental tests. This paper describes about the establishment of REDOX decontamination system in the engineering scale equipment based on the fundamental test results. In comparison with the fundamental test results, Ce4+ generation rate and current efficiency, stainless steel and carbon steel dissolution rate, and Ce4+ regeneration rate and current efficiency were not effected by scaling up. The system which consists of Ce4+ generation—stainless steel and carbon steel decontamination (dissolution)—Ce4+ regeneration—reduction from Ce4+ ions to Ce3+ ions—drying—plasticization has been established in engineering scale equipment as the REDOX docontamination system. 相似文献
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Masanori Aritomi Akihiro Tagawa Toshihiro Adachi Shigeki Hosobuchi Noriyuki Watanabe Yasuhiro Fujita 《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2013,50(1):35-45
For the purpose of decontaminating residential buildings, roads, rubble, and so on, the high-pressure water washing decontamination system had been developed, which are composed of a recovery system for contaminated washing water and mobile purification system of liquid–solid settling technology by flocculants. The high-pressure washing technology applied in this demonstration test can be used for both high- and ultrahigh-pressure washing decontamination and water surface chipping, by changing pumps and attachments. These systems were applied to decontaminate pools, concrete floor and side ditch around the pool in an elementary school located at Motomiya, Fukushima Prefecture as a demonstration test. Additionally, to compare decontamination effects, the tests, to chip and decontaminate surfaces of outer concrete and asphalt pavement had been conducted. From the results, high-pressure water jet decontamination systems have been practically proven. 相似文献
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