钢纤维形状与掺量对UHPC施工及力学特性的影响

选用四种平直及两种端钩钢纤维,研究钢纤维体积掺量、长径比、形状、同形及异形纤维混掺对超高性能混凝土(UHPC)施工及力学性能的影响.通过相关实验得到了UHPC扩展度、抗压强度、抗折强度、能量吸收、断裂能及弯曲应力-挠度曲线;基于弯曲应力-挠度曲线及改进后的规范方法计算了UHPC的弯曲韧性指标;最后,开展了最佳纤维混掺比例的研究.结果表明:纤维掺量每增加0.5％,UHPC扩展度平均降幅为2.72％,抗压强度平均增幅为5.79％.抗折强度、弯曲韧性指数和能量吸收则先增后减(临界掺量为3.5％),断裂能呈上下波动(在3％时达最低值).随着纤维长径比的增大,UHPC扩展度降低,抗压强度、抗折强度、弯曲韧性指数、能量吸收值和断裂能基本呈递增趋势.相同长径比时,端钩形纤维UHPC扩展度、弯曲韧性指数优于平直形纤维,抗压强度、抗折强度、能量吸收、断裂能低于平直形纤维.同形纤维混掺UHPC扩展度、抗压强度稍低于对应的单掺纤维,弯曲韧性、能量吸收、断裂能总体上优于单掺试件;异形纤维混掺UHPC扩展度、抗压强度稍低于单掺试件,抗折强度与单掺试件各有所长,弯曲韧性、能量吸收及断裂能绝大多数优于单掺纤维.UHPC抗折强度变异性高于其抗压强度.单掺和混掺纤维时,UHPC试件的抗压强度、抗折强度综合最优分别为173.53 MPa、44.9 MPa和160.9 MPa、55.72 MPa;纤维混掺最佳组合为18 mm平直形、16 mm端钩形,且两者混掺比例为1:1时,UHPC的综合力学性能较优.     

钢丝网或纤维网增强超高性能混凝土双向板弯曲性能

为研究钢丝网或纤维网对混杂纤维超高性能混凝土(Ultra-high performance concrete,UHPC)板弯曲性能的影响,进行了四边简支双向板弯曲试验。UHPC中短切纤维为：单掺钢纤维、钢纤维分别与聚乙烯醇纤维、玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维混掺等。研究参数为：钢丝网与玻璃纤维网层数、孔径、混掺纤维比例等。结果表明,单掺体积分数为1.5vol%的钢纤维时,铺设3层和4层钢丝网的UHPC板的极限承载力和25 mm挠度处的能量吸收值较2层分别提升14.9%、32.3%和14.1%、25.2%;孔径较小的钢丝网对UHPC板承载力和韧性提升明显。当混杂纤维总体积分数为1.5vol%且钢丝网2层时,混掺1.0vol%钢纤维和0.5vol%聚乙烯醇纤维对UHPC板增强增韧效果更好,0.5vol%钢纤维与1.0vol%玻璃纤维或玄武岩纤维混掺较0.5vol%钢纤维与1.0vol%聚乙烯醇纤维混掺对改善板峰后持荷能力更有利,即钢纤维与较高弹性模量非金属纤维混掺有利于提高裂后承载力。与玻璃纤维网相比,铺设钢丝网的UHPC板在峰后延性更好。提出了以素UHPC板峰值荷载挠度作为初裂挠度的韧性指标评定方...     

纤维增强活性粉末混凝土高温力学性能的实验研究

研究了钢纤维、聚丙烯纤维和PVA纤维的不同掺量以及纤维复掺在90℃、200℃和400℃高温养护时活性粉末混凝土的力学性能和微观结构.结果表明,200℃高温养护,单掺钢纤维时,RPC的抗折强度与90℃的相近,但抗压强度提高,迭210.2MPa;单掺聚丙烯纤雏时,由于其高温熔解,形成三维网络结构,与RPC融为一体,抗压强度显著提高,当掺量为1.5%(体积分数)时,强度达242.6MPa.纤维复掺时抗折强度与钢纤维相近,但抗压强度有所提高,200℃养护时达265 MPa.400℃养护时,随水胶比降低,强度进一步增大,当水胶比为0.12时,抗压强度达333.4MPa.     

不同方法测试的超高性能混凝土抗拉强度

通过16组不同钢纤维掺量超高性能混凝土(UHPC)轴心抗拉强度、抗折强度和劈裂抗拉强度的试验,并结合各单位试验数据的统计分析,开展不同试验方法下UHPC抗拉强度的研究。结果表明,不同UHPC抗拉强度均随钢纤维掺量的增加而提高,但强度提高幅度各不相同,其中劈拉强度增幅较大;相同钢纤维掺量时,UHPC的抗折强度和劈拉强度相近,且远大于轴拉强度。UHPC轴拉强度和抗折强度的比值与钢纤维混凝土和普通混凝土的抗拉强度之间的比值较接近,而劈拉强度相关的其他2个比值则相差较大。建议以抗折强度试验作为工程实践中UHPC抗拉强度的间接测试方法。     

聚丙烯-钢纤维/混凝土柱大偏心受压承载力计算

对270个聚丙烯纤维掺量(体积分数)分别为0vol%、0.1vol%、0.2vol%、0.3vol%、0.4vol%、0.5vol%、钢纤维掺量(体积分数)分别为0vol%、0.5vol%、1vol%、1.5vol%、2vol%的聚丙烯-钢纤维/混凝土试块进行立方体抗压试验、轴心抗压试验和劈裂抗拉试验,基于复合材料力学理论,考虑纤维的取向系数、长度有效系数和界面黏结系数,对其建立强度预测模型并进行机制分析,同时选取掺量分别为0vol%、0.1vol%、0.3vol%的聚丙烯纤维、掺量分别为0vol%、1.5vol%的钢纤维制作6根聚丙烯-钢纤维/混凝土柱,对其进行大偏心受压试验,在强度预测模型的基础上进行承载力计算,提出聚丙烯-钢纤维/混凝土承载力计算方法。结果表明:钢纤维对聚丙烯-钢纤维/混凝土立方体抗压强度、轴心抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度均有提高;聚丙烯纤维可提高聚丙烯-钢纤维/混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度,但不能提高聚丙烯-钢纤维/混凝土的抗压强度;聚丙烯-钢混杂纤维加入混凝土柱可有效提高其极限承载力。      

聚乙烯纤维对超高性能混凝土性能的影响

高强高模量聚乙烯纤维(PE纤维)是一种被广泛研究应用的新型合成纤维增强材料。系统地研究了不同掺量、不同长径比的PE纤维对超高性能混凝土(UHPC)性能的影响。结果表明PE纤维能显著提高混凝土的抗折强度和抗压强度,在纤维体积掺量为2%的情况下,抗折强度为28MPa,抗压强度为157MPa,较素UHPC分别提高了47.3%和28.1%。PE纤维的掺入大大提高了混凝土的韧性,改变了混凝土脆性破坏的形态,表现为多缝开裂,荷载-挠度全曲线表现为位移硬化。     

超高性能磷酸镁水泥混凝土的制备和力学性能研究

磷酸镁水泥(MPC)凝结硬化速度快,早期强度高,采用MPC作为胶凝材料,有利于在无养护条件下制备出具有高早强特征的超高性能磷酸镁水泥混凝土(UHPMPCC)。研究了钢纤维掺量和长径比等参数对UHPMPCC物理力学性能的影响,分析了UHPMPCC中钢纤维的增强机制和影响规律。结果表明25 mm钢纤维有利于提高早期抗压强度,而13 mm钢纤维更有利于提高长期力学性能;13 mm钢纤维的掺量2.5%(体积分数)时,无养护的UHPMPCC6h抗压强度和抗折强度超过60和25 MPa, 28 d抗压强度和抗折强度超过120和38 MPa。MPC浆体早期呈酸性,使钢纤维表面产生刻蚀,鸟粪石嵌入钢纤维中,增强MPC基体和钢纤维的界面粘结,有助于提高UHPMPCC的抗弯强度。     

短切玄武岩纤维混凝土力学性能试验与分析

为了研究短切玄武岩纤维掺量变化对混凝土基本力学性能的影响,对6种不同体积掺量的短切玄武岩纤维混凝土(BFRC)分别进行立方体抗压、轴心抗压、劈裂抗拉、抗折试验;基于试验结果,通过BP(Back Propagation)神经网路强度预测模型的构建,对附加纤维掺量的混凝土进行强度训练及预测。试验实测数据表明:掺入短切玄武岩纤维对混凝土早期抗压强度的发展有着延缓作用;当纤维掺量为0.1%时,抗压强度达到峰值。随着纤维掺量的增加,劈拉强度增幅较大,抗折强度保持上升趋势。通过BP神经网络的训练及发展趋势预测,结果表明:当纤维体积掺量为0.1%时,抗压强度达到最大值;劈拉强度与抗折强度则随着纤维掺量的增加而持续增大。基于试验数据及预测结果,得出短切玄武岩纤维的最佳体积掺量。     

PVA及玄武岩纤维对水泥基复合材料力学性能的影响

在水泥基复合材料中掺入适量纤维可显著改善其物理力学性能,但有机-无机混杂纤维对水泥材料性能的影响目前研究不多。进行了单掺PVA纤维、单掺玄武岩纤维以及复掺两种纤维的水泥基复合材料力学性能实验。结果表明,单掺1.6%(体积分数)的短PVA纤维时,水泥基复合材料的抗折强度降低7%、抗压强度提升31%、折压比降低24%;单掺0.3%(体积分数)的短玄武岩纤维时,水泥基复合材料的抗折强度降低8%、抗压强度提升15.7%、折压比降低20%;掺0.3%(体积分数)短玄武岩纤维和0.5%(体积分数)短PVA纤维时,水泥基复合材料的抗折强度几乎无影响,抗压强度显著提升,折压比相对减少,其综合性能最优。     

粗骨料与钢纤维对超高性能混凝土单轴拉伸性能的影响

为了提高含粗骨料超高性能混凝土(Ultra-high performance concrete,UHPC)的单轴拉伸性能,采用单轴拉伸试验和图像分析技术分别研究了粗骨料掺量、颗粒粒径对含粗骨料UHPC单轴拉伸性能和钢纤维在UHPC体系中分散性能的影响规律。结果表明,随着粗骨料掺量及颗粒粒径的增大,钢纤维在UHPC体系中的分散系数和取向系数显著降低,含粗骨料UHPC的单轴拉伸初裂强度、裂后强度和耗能也随之减小。根据粗骨料颗粒最大粒径与钢纤维体积分数、直径间的匹配关系式(Dmax=3df/(Vf)0.5),采用纤维混杂可以充分发挥多尺度纤维与具有不同粒径分布的骨料间的分级匹配关系;粗骨料体积分数和颗粒最大粒径分别为10%和10mm时,采用平直钢纤维(直径0.12mm、长度10mm、体积掺量1.2%)和端钩钢纤维(直径0.35 mm、长度20mm、体积掺量1.8%)混杂实现了含粗骨料UHPC的单轴拉伸性能的提升,其裂后强度和耗能分别为8.69 MPa和11.10J。     

Ultra-high performance concrete and fiber reinforced concrete: achieving strength and ductility without heat curing

Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) and ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHP-FRC) were introduced in the mid 1990s. Special treatment, such as heat curing, pressure and/or extensive vibration, is often required in order to achieve compressive strengths in excess of 150 MPa (22 ksi). This study focuses on the development of UHP-FRCs without any special treatment and utilizing materials that are commercially available on the US market. Enhanced performance was accomplished by optimizing the packing density of the cementitious matrix, using very high strength steel fibers, tailoring the geometry of the fibers and optimizing the matrix-fiber interface properties. It is shown that addition of 1.5% deformed fibers by volume results in a direct tensile strength of 13 MPa, which is 60% higher than comparable UHP-FRC with smooth steel fibers, and a tensile strain at peak stress of 0.6%, which is about three times that for UHP-FRC with smooth fibers. Compressive strength up to 292 MPa (42 ksi), tensile strength up to 37 MPa (5.4 ksi) and strain at peak stress up to 1.1% were also attained 28 days after casting by using up to 8% volume fraction of high strength steel fibers and infiltrating them with the UHPC matrix.     

Flexural performance of fiber-reinforced ultra lightweight cement composites with low fiber content

This paper presents an experimental study on flexural performance of ultra lightweight cement composites (ULCC) with 0.5 vol% fibers. Low density of the ULCC is achieved by using cenospheres from coal-fired power plants as micro aggregates. Effects of shrinkage reducing admixture (SRA) and fiber types on compressive strength and flexural performance of the ULCC are investigated. ULCC with density of 1474 kg/m³, compressive strengths of 68.2 MPa, flexural strength of 8 MPa, and deflection hardening behavior can be produced. Such good performance could be attributed primarily to the SRA which reduced entrapped air in paste matrix and densified fiber–matrix interface. The improvement on the flexural performance of the ULCC depends on fibers used and bond between fibers and matrix. Improvement of the flexural performance of the steel fiber (coated with brass) reinforced ULCC due to the densification effect by SRA was more significant than that of the PE fiber reinforced ULCC.     

Effect of shrinkage reducing agent on pullout resistance of high-strength steel fibers embedded in ultra-high-performance concrete

The interfacial bond strength of long high-strength steel fibers embedded in ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) reinforced with short steel microfibers was investigated by conducting single-fiber pullout tests. In particular, the influence of the addition of a shrinkage-reducing to a UHPC matrix on the pullout resistance of high-strength steel fibers was investigated. The addition of a shrinkage-reducing agent produced a noticeable reduction in the fiber pullout resistance owing to the lower matrix shrinkage, although the reduction of pullout resistance differed according to the type of fiber. Long smooth and twisted steel fibers were highly sensitive to the addition of the shrinkage-reducing agent whereas hooked fibers were not. Among the various high-strength steel fibers tested, twisted steel macrofibers showed the highest interfacial bond resistance, although twisted fibers embedded in UHPC showed slip softening pullout behavior rather than the typical slip hardening behavior observed in mortar.     

短切纤维及预应力对玄武岩织物增强水泥基复合材料拉伸力学性能的影响

通过静态拉伸试验研究不同体积掺量的短切碳纤维、钢纤维、耐碱玻璃纤维及预应力对5层玄武岩织物增强水泥基复合材料(BTRC)拉伸性能的影响。试验结果表明:短切碳纤维、玻璃纤维可以提高基体和BTRC的开裂强度,且开裂强度随着碳纤维掺量的增加而增加;预应力使基体产生预压力,明显提高其开裂强度。短切纤维及预应力都显著提高BTRC的峰值荷载和韧性,但峰值应变基本不变;峰值荷载和韧性随着钢纤维掺量的增加而增加,体积分数为1.5vol%掺量时达到最大值;随着碳纤维掺量增加,峰值荷载和韧性先增加后减小,体积分数为1.0vol%掺量时最大。施加预应力且掺入短切碳纤维或钢纤维时,短切纤维增强的基体可以更好地承受张拉力释放后纤维束径向变形引起的环向应力,进一步提高了织物与基体界面的挤压作用力及摩擦力,从而增强效果最明显,峰值荷载分别增加50.4%和58.9%,韧性分别增加84.7%和79.5%。BTRC材料掺入短切玻璃纤维、钢纤维及施加预应力均可以增加其受力后的裂缝条数,减小裂缝间距和裂缝宽度。     

Strain-hardening UHP-FRC with low fiber contents

This research work focuses on the optimization of strength and ductility of ultra high performance fiber reinforced concretes (UHP-FRC) under direct tensile loading. An ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) with a compressive strength of 200 MPa (29 ksi) providing high bond strength between fiber and matrix was developed. In addition to the high strength smooth steel fibers, currently used for typical UHP-FRC, high strength deformed steel fibers were used in this study to enhance the mechanical bond and ductility. The study first shows that, with appropriate high strength steel fibers, a fiber volume fraction of 1% is sufficient to trigger strain hardening behavior accompanied by multiple cracking, a characteristic essential to achieve high ductility. By improving both the matrix and fiber parameters, an UHP-FRC with only 1.5% deformed steel fibers by volume resulted in an average tensile strength of 13 MPa (1.9 ksi) and a maximum post-cracking strain of 0.6%.     

混杂纤维增强超高性能混凝土弯曲韧性与评价方法

为了研究混掺纤维对超高性能混凝土(UHPC)的增韧效果, 通过161个三点弯曲梁的断裂试验, 测定了4种纤维和不同掺量下各UHPC试件的载荷-裂口张开位移(CMOD)曲线和载荷-挠度曲线。将素UHPC峰值载荷对应的CMOD视为混杂纤维增强UHPC的初裂CMOD值, 基于载荷-CMOD曲线提出了等效断裂韧度的韧性评价方法, 该方法具有明确的物理含义, 可用于分析混掺纤维品种和掺量对UHPC断裂韧性的影响规律。研究发现:在小变形(小于50倍素UHPC峰值载荷对应的CMOD值)时, UHPC韧性取决于钢纤维的掺率;粗合成纤维主要在中等变形和大变形阶段(大于50倍素UHPC峰值载荷对应的CMOD值)发挥其增韧效用。      

钢纤维形状对高性能混凝土性能的影响

试验研究了6种长径比较小且直径较粗的钢纤维(SF)(短直形、长直线形、圆弧形、闭合三角形、闭合矩形、闭合圆环形)对高性能混凝土性能的影响。通过改变SF体积分数从而改变其形成的环域个数和面积,探究二者对混凝土流动性、抗拉及抗折强度的影响,并通过研究破坏界面分析混凝土破坏形式和机制。结果表明:闭合区域个数及纤维的环域面积对混凝土流动起主要影响;闭合SF中圆环形SF对混凝土抗折及抗压强度的提升效果优于其他形状的闭合SF。短直形SF与圆环形SF混杂试验中,圆环形SF体积分数为1vol%、短直形SF体积分数为0.5vol%时,SF/混凝土抗压强度和抗折强度提升的综合效果最佳。      

超高性能混凝土流变特性及其对纤维分散性的影响

优异的分散性能是纤维充分发挥增强增韧作用的关键。为了明确高掺量钢纤维在超高性能混凝土(UHPC)中的分散特征并提高纤维的分散性,采用抗压强度、抗弯强度等力学性能试验、混凝土流变仪以及图像分析技术,分别研究了降粘掺合料、钢纤维掺量对UHPC力学性能、流变性能以及纤维分散性能的影响。结果表明:降粘掺合料对UHPC力学性能无明显提升作用,但可显著降低UHPC基体的屈服应力和塑性粘度,同时可降低钢纤维导致的屈服应力和塑性粘度增加幅度;随着纤维掺量的增加,纤维轴向取向系数和有效利用率降低,而降粘掺合料可提高纤维轴向取向系数和有效利用率;UHPC基体的流变性能、纤维分散性能以及力学性能三者密切相关,基体流变参数越小,纤维轴向取向系数越高、纤维有效利用率越高,则UHPC力学性能越好。     

Static and dynamic compressive properties of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) with hybrid steel fiber reinforcements

Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) is promising in construction of concrete structures that suffer impact and explosive loads. In order to make UHPC structures more ductile and cost-effective, hybrid fiber reinforcements are often incorporated. In this study, a reference UHPC mixture with no fiber reinforcement and five mixtures with a single type of fiber reinforcement or hybrid fiber reinforcements of 6 and 13 mm in length at a total dosage of 2%, by the volume of concrete, were prepared. Quasi-static compressive and flexural properties of those mixtures were investigated. Split Hopkinson press bar (SHPB) testing was adopted to evaluate their dynamic compressive properties under three impact velocities. Test results indicated that UHPC with 1.5% long fiber reinforcements and 0.5% short fiber reinforcements demonstrated the best static and dynamic mechanical properties. The static compressive and flexural strengths of UHPC with 2% long fiber reinforcements were greater than those with 2% short fiber reinforcements, whereas comparable dynamic compressive properties were observed. Strain rate effect was observed for the dynamic compressive properties, including peak stress, dynamic increase factor, and absorbed energy. The reinforcing mechanisms of hybrid fiber reinforcements in UHPC were eventually discussed.     

高强型钢超高性能混凝土梁受弯性能试验研究及有限元分析

为研究高强型钢超高性能混凝土梁的受弯性能,以配钢率、型钢位置和钢纤维体积分数为变化参数,设计了6个试件,并对其进行了静力加载试验,获得了试件的破坏形态和荷载-跨中挠度曲线,分析了试件的承载能力和变形能力,以及型钢、纵向钢筋和超高性能混凝土的应变变化规律。基于试验研究,建立了高强型钢超高性能混凝土梁受弯性能的有限元分析模型,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,进而进行了参数分析。结果表明：所有试件均发生的是适筋破坏,纵向受拉钢筋和型钢下翼缘率先屈服,然后受压区超高性能混凝土被压碎;在试件的破坏阶段,所承担的荷载会依次经历陡降、波动、缓慢上升和缓慢下降四个阶段;试件的变形能力系数超过5,呈现出较强的变形能力;试件开裂前,超高性能混凝土的应变符合平截面假定,但开裂后,只有受压区和受拉区在中和轴附近的一小部分超高性能混凝土应变呈线性分布;配钢率和型钢强度增大,试件的承载能力和变形能力均提高;超高性能混凝土抗压强度增大及型钢从截面居中位置下移,试件的承载能力提高,但变形能力下降;钢纤维体积分数增加,试件的抗裂能力和变形能力均提高,但承载能力变化不显著。