陶瓷颗粒增强镍合金复合涂层冲蚀磨损的试验研究

以WC,ZrO₂,Cr₂O₃和Al₂O₃陶瓷颗粒为增强相,镍合金粉末为基体,运用等离子喷涂技术制备四种陶瓷/镍合金复合涂层。采用冲蚀磨损试验机和正交试验方法,进行陶瓷颗粒相浓度、磨粒粒度、冲蚀角和速度对陶瓷颗粒/镍合金复合涂层抗冲蚀磨损性能影响的试验研究。采用表面形状测量仪对陶瓷颗粒/镍合金复合涂层磨损表面形貌进行测量和分析。试验结果得到WC,ZrO₂,Cr₂O₃和Al₂O₃四种陶瓷颗粒/镍合金复合涂层冲蚀磨损率的经验关联式。     

Sialon陶瓷的冲蚀磨损及磨粒磨损行为

以ＳｉＣ作为磨粒较全面地研究了Ｓｉａｌｏｎ陶瓷的磨损性能：冲蚀磨损和磨粒磨损性能．Ｓｉａｌｏｎ陶瓷在冲蚀磨损实验中表现出了脆性冲蚀的特征,在高角冲蚀下,冲蚀磨损率随着冲蚀角度的增大而迅速增加,并在冲蚀角为９０°附近达到最大．ＳＥＭ分析表明Ｓｉａｌｏｎ陶瓷的冲蚀磨损机理主要是显微切削和表面颗粒拔出脱落．在Ｓｉａｌｏｎ陶瓷的磨粒磨损实验中,较高载荷作用下,磨损量与时间之间有指数变化关系;较低载荷作用下,磨损初期有一个短暂的磨损量基本不变的孕育阶段,随后进入快磨损阶段,本文对该孕育现象进行了探讨．对磨损表面的ＳＥＭ分析发现;Ｓｉａｌｏｎ陶瓷的磨粒磨损机理主要是犁耕和表面断裂脱落．     

聚丙烯纤维增强水泥复合材料抗冲蚀性能及冲蚀机制

针对内蒙古中西部地区风沙环境特征,利用模拟风沙环境侵蚀试验系统,研究了不同聚丙烯(PP)纤维掺量的PP纤维/水泥复合材料在风沙环境中的抗冲蚀性能,并利用SEM观测冲蚀后微观形貌,探究其冲蚀机制.结果 表明:不同PP纤维掺量的PP纤维/水泥复合材料冲蚀率大小为:普通水泥砂浆＞PP纤维质量比为1.5％的PP纤维/水泥复合材...     

玻璃材料在气固两相流作用下的冲蚀损伤机理研究

为探究玻璃材料的抗冲蚀磨损性能,采用气流挟沙喷射法对钢化玻璃、浮法玻璃及有机玻璃进行冲蚀磨损试验,分析不同冲蚀参数(冲蚀速度、冲蚀角度和冲蚀时间)下3种玻璃的冲蚀规律及损伤机理。结果表明:钢化玻璃与浮法玻璃的冲蚀率随冲蚀速度与冲蚀角度的增加而增大,有机玻璃的冲蚀率则随冲蚀速度的增加而增加,随冲蚀角度的增加先增加后减小,最大冲蚀率出现在45°;钢化玻璃与浮法玻璃的冲蚀率随冲蚀时间的增加依次出现上升阶段、下降阶段和稳态阶段,而有机玻璃的冲蚀率随冲蚀时间的增加缓慢增加并很快趋于稳定;相同条件下浮法玻璃冲蚀率大于其他2种玻璃;低角度时钢化玻璃与浮法玻璃的质量损失主要由切削作用引起,高角度时由裂纹叠加引起,发生脆性断裂;有机玻璃的损伤在整个过程主要由切削作用引起。     

田口方法下钢化玻璃的冲蚀性能及损伤形貌

根据内蒙古沙尘暴分布特点,采用田口正交方法,利用模拟风沙环境侵蚀实验系统,分析可控因素(冲蚀角度、冲蚀速度和沙流量)在冲蚀试验中的稳定性以及对钢化玻璃的冲蚀磨损性能的影响,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和激光共聚焦显微镜(LSCM)对冲蚀形貌进行分析。结果表明:冲蚀角度和冲蚀速度越大,信噪比越大,在冲蚀试验中数据越稳定,沙流量则相反;冲蚀角度对冲蚀率的贡献最大,其次是冲蚀速度,沙流量的贡献最小。低角度时,钢化玻璃的质量损失主要由切削作用引起,SEM图中可见明显的犁沟;而高角度时,钢化玻璃的质量损失则由裂纹叠加引起,SEM图中显示为脆性断裂凹坑。随着冲蚀角度的增大,钢化玻璃表面损伤区域的深度和宽度相应增加;损伤区域形状由长条形趋向于圆锥形。     

盐冻循环条件下改性沥青的细观结构及低温流变性能

冬季由于低温路面经常会被冰雪覆盖,融雪盐是对路面进行融雪化冰的主要方式之一。为了研究盐冻循环前后的基质沥青、SBS（苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物）改性沥青和胶粉改性沥青的细观结构和低温流变性能变化,利用SEM和弯曲梁流变仪（BBR）对其测试。结果表明:改性剂以特定的结构形态存在于沥青中,二者具有良好的相容性,这种形态可以更好地吸附沥青,提高沥青的低温弹性或韧性,进而改善了沥青的低温性能。盐冻循环破坏了沥青的结构,影响了沥青的低温抗裂性能。经历盐冻循环后沥青的蠕变劲度模量增大、蠕变速率减小,低温抗裂和应力松弛能力降低,但改性沥青低温性能总体上优于基质沥青。因此建议北方等寒冷地区尽量选用改性沥青作为路面材料。      

水力压裂工况高压管汇冲蚀磨损研究进展及展望

水力压裂施工中,高压管汇内壁承受携砂液中高流速、高强度支撑剂的冲蚀磨损作用,易发生损伤失效。通过总结现有的冲蚀理论和冲蚀试验装置,系统介绍了国内外对高压管汇材料冲蚀磨损问题的研究成果,对比分析了旋转式、喷射式和管流式试验装置对水力压裂工况下高压管汇冲蚀磨损研究的适用性,着重分析了喷射式冲蚀磨损试验中各试验参数对高压管汇冲蚀速率的影响规律;最后指出了当前水力压裂工况下高压管汇冲蚀磨损研究中存在的问题及未来的研究方向。     

高浓度盐环境下偏高岭土对水泥石抗盐冻性能的影响

为研究高浓度盐环境下偏高岭土对提高水泥石抗冻性的使用效能,本工作通过探究偏高岭土掺量对冻融循环后水泥石强度损失率、水化产物含量、盐侵蚀产物含量的影响规律,建立了水化及侵蚀产物含量与抗压强度损失率间的线性回归方程,并计算出偏高岭土对提升水泥石抗盐冻性能的最佳掺入范围。结果表明：偏高岭土可有效提高水泥石的抗盐冻性能,且材料的强度损失率随掺量的增加呈线性降低趋势;高浓度盐环境下水泥石表层氢氧化钙会与钙离子和氯离子反应生成膨胀型晶体水合氯氧化钙;氢氧化钙和水合氯氧化钙的含量随偏高岭土掺量的增加呈下降趋势,且线性相关;以强度损失率作为评价标准拟合出水泥石免受破坏的氢氧化钙和水合氯氧化钙临界值分别为9.2%和7.1%。     

激光熔覆制备抗冲蚀磨损镍基复合涂层的研究进展

冲蚀磨损是材料在流体或含固体颗粒流体的冲击作用下造成的表面磨损现象,在传统材料表面熔覆粉末可以有效改善其表面性能,抑制材料损伤速度,降低制造成本.采用激光熔覆制备的涂层具有结合强度高、对基材的稀释率低和热影响程度小等优点,用于解决恶劣环境下服役零件的冲蚀磨损问题,具有很好的应用前景.熔覆材料主要包括铁基、钴基、镍基三个体系.其中,铁基涂层抗磨性好、成本低,但涂层易产生裂纹缺陷,自溶性、抗氧化性差;钴基涂层耐磨耐蚀性好,但是价格昂贵;镍基涂层抗高温氧化性和耐磨耐蚀性好,价格适宜,综合起来优势明显,应用前景广阔.国内外很多研究人员通过调整镍基合金粉末的成分和激光熔覆的工艺参数改善涂层的性能,如向镍粉中加入硬质陶瓷颗粒或者合适的元素等提高镍基复合涂层的性能.主要硬质颗粒包括WC、Al2 O3、SiC、TiC等.一些学者通过加入镍铝金属间化合物来提高涂层的耐蚀性能;一些学者向涂层中加入稀土元素以生成稳定的化合物;一些学者研究工艺参数对涂层性能的影响.此外,还有一些学者通过在渣浆泵、抽油泵、水轮机等零件上制备镍基涂层,显著提升工件的耐磨耐蚀性能.本文综述了激光熔覆镍基复合涂层的研究进展,指出了目前研究存在的问题,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望,为镍基复合涂层的深入研究和在冲蚀磨损工况条件下的推广应用提供参考.     

Strategies of using fly ash and their effect on properties of cement mortar

Abstract

Three different ways of using fly ash, namely, partial replacement of cement, or sand, or both cement and sand in the cement mortar, were studied in this investigation. The replacement varied from 10 percent to 60 percent by weight. The effects of design parameters such as water‐cement ratio and curing temperature on the replacements were studied. In this paper, strategies of using fly ash in concrete construction were also proposed in order to conserve resources.     

碳酸钙晶须与硅灰的复合效应对水泥砂浆力学性能的影响

研究了水泥砂浆的抗压强度、抗折强度以及劈裂抗拉强度在固定硅灰掺量的条件下随着碳酸钙晶须掺量的变化关系,并以试验结果和微观形貌观察为基础探讨了碳酸钙晶须对水泥砂浆的增强增韧机理。     

减缩剂的作用及其机理

通过对减缩剂作用和机理的研究表明,减缩剂能较大幅度的降低干燥收缩和相对较小的提高塑性收缩抗裂能力,但在一定程度上降低了砂浆的力学性能.从塑性抗拉强度、表面水份蒸发率和孔结构三个角度对减缩剂的作用机理进行了试验分析,结果表明:减缩剂的加入能较显著的降低水溶液的表面张力,同时也降低了砂浆表面的塑性抗拉强度,增大了表面水份蒸发率,它对塑性收缩抗裂的效果取决于对塑性抗拉强度和毛细管收缩应力影响的权重;表面张力试验表明,减缩剂减小干缩的机理主要在于降低了孔溶液的表面张力;从对孔结构的分析表明,减缩剂掺入后增大了孔隙率,并增加了孔径＞0.1μm的孔的含量,从而降低了掺减缩剂的砂浆力学性能.     

Characterisation of ground hydrated Portland cement-based mortar as an additive to alkali-activated slag cement

The sustainable development of cement manufacturing requires extension of the raw material base, including large-tonnage waste. Hydrated mortar waste is a promising mineral resource for the production of Portland cements and alternative binders, such as alkali-activated slag cement. The influences of ground-hydrated mortar aged for 3 months on the properties of alkali-activated slag fresh and hardened pastes were performed. The results show that the properties are dependent on the concentration (2.5–60%), cement:sand ratio (1:1–3) and fineness (200–600 m²/kg) of the ground hydrated mortar; the alkali activator (sodium carbonate and sodium silicate); and the curing conditions (normal conditions and steam curing). The fresh paste properties that we considered in this study included the water requirement and the setting time; the hardened paste properties we considered were the water absorption, the density, and the compressive strength after 2, 7, 14, 28, 180 and 360 days of ageing. The ground hydrated mortar improved the early strength and the long-term strength of the alkali-activated slag paste and replaced the slag up to 50%. The factors that affecting the strength of the alkali-activated slag cement with ground hydrated mortar as an additive were, in order of influence, alkali activator type > curing conditions > cement:sand ratio > ground-hydrated mortar fineness.     

Brittle fracture evaluation of a fine grain cement mortar in combined tensile-shear deformation

Different laboratory experiments are usually conducted to characterize the fracture behaviour and integrity properties of newly developed structural materials. However, the reported fracture tests data for an improved high strength cement mortar (HSCM) under combined tension-shear loading are not in agreement with theoretical predictions obtained from well-known fracture criteria. It is shown in this paper that the significant difference existing between the experimental and theoretical results is due to ignoring the effect of  T -stress on the processes of crack growth in the HSCM test specimens. A modified fracture model is then used to show that the theoretical predictions can be corroborated by the experimental results when the effect of  T -stress is taken into account.     

Effect of latex and superplasticiser on Portland cement mortar in the fresh state

This report deals with the individual and combined effect of latex and superplasticiser on Portland cement mortar in the fresh state. The compatibility of five commercial superplasticisers with four latexes of the vinyl polymer group and SBR latex in varying dosages was studied with respect to setting time, consistency of fresh cement pastes, subjective workability (surface texture, segregation), bleeding, air content, water reduction capacity and the flow-time relationship of fresh mortar. It has been observed that superplasticisers of melamine formaldehyde and a blend of melamine and naphthalene formaldehyde eliminated shortcomings like delayed setting, high air entrainment in the fresh latex-modified system whereas lignosulphonate and a blend of lignosulphonate and naphthalene formaldehyde aggravated it. In a consequent report, performances in the hardened state will be discussed.     

Pore structure of hardened cement paste and mortar

The paper describes an experimental investigation into the pore structure of hardened cement paste and mortar. The pore structure was studied using mercury porosimeter. Ordinary portland cement and natural river sand were used. Pore structure determination was carried out for both the cement paste and mortar mixes over four hydration periods and five water-cement ratios. The threshold radius which was found to be prominent in the hardened cement paste, flattens out as the fine aggregate content increased.     

水化龄期及光源类型对TiO2水泥砂浆降解罗丹明B性能的影响研究

采用干混法制备了掺TiO₂水泥砂浆,测试了砂浆力学性能,研究了TiO₂掺量、水化龄期、光源类型及光强等因素对罗丹明B降解性能的影响。结果表明,随TiO₂掺量增加,砂浆对罗丹明B的降解率增加,而砂浆强度则呈先增加后降低规律。在相同TiO₂掺量条件下,砂浆对罗丹明B的降解率随水化龄期延长而降低。与水化3 d试件相比,水化28、180 d掺5%TiO₂水泥砂浆对罗丹明B的降解率分别降低7.84%、11.21%。砂浆对罗丹明B的总降解率随光源类型、光强的变化不明显,但其降解速率随紫外线光强的增大而显著提高。在波长(λ=365 nm)、光射时间(60 min)均相同的条件下,与20 W紫外灯相比,200 W紫外灯照射下的掺5%TiO₂水泥砂浆对罗丹明B的降解率提高约80%。与太阳光相比,200 W紫外灯照射60 min砂浆对罗丹明B的降解率为85.54%,仅降低约1.46%。     

Chloride corrosion of steel fibre reinforcement in cement mortar

This paper presents an experimental study on the corrosion resistance of steel fibres and steel bar reinforcement in cement mortar. The mortar matrix incorporated various amounts of calcium chloride from 2 to 10%, and the rate of corrosion was monitored by the electrode potential method. The structure of the mortar and the steel surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the addition of calcium chloride modified the microstructure of the mortar matrix, both its water absorption capacity and its porosity increased with increasing amounts of calcium chloride. The electric potential measurements showed that while the bar reinforcement displayed corrosion at 2% calcium chloride, the fibres did not indicate any harmful corrosion until the chloride content was 6%. Chloride admixtures added to concrete may thus be less harmful to steel in steel fibre concrete than in reinforced concrete.     

含孔洞和裂隙混合缺陷的干燥水泥砂浆导热系数相互作用直推预测模型

水泥砂浆在浇筑、养护和受荷载后易出现缺陷,会显著改变其热传导性能.将水泥砂浆中缺陷分为孔洞和裂隙两种基本类型,基于细观力学理论中的相互作用直推(IDD)估计法,建立了孔洞和裂隙单独存在或同时存在时干燥水泥砂浆等效导热系数预测模型;基于数值模拟结果反推法,提出裂隙随机分布影响函数,改进了IDD模型预测精度;与数值模拟结果...