原子力显微镜表征纤维增强聚合物复合材料的界面相概述

纤维增强聚合物复合材料(FRPC)的界面相是一个尺度只有几十纳米到几微米之间的微小区域,是复合材料中应力传递的枢纽,对复合材料的整体性能起着至关重要的作用。因此,急需寻求一种高分辨率的纳米探测技术来表征该区域并研究其性能,这对复合材料的结构设计有着重要的科学意义和指导作用。文章概述了几种原子力显微镜(AFM)常见应用模式,并且阐述了采用AFM表征FRPC界面相的研究现状,总结了目前存在的问题并提出未来的研究方向。     

颗粒增强金属基复合材料的研究进展

介绍了关于金属基体、增强相的选择以及与基体—增强相界面有关的问题。综述了国内外颗粒增强金属基复合材料的制取工艺、相应性能和应用前景;并对今后的研究方向作了探讨。     

含界面相的单向纤维增强复合材料三维应力场的二重双尺度方法

提出了计算含界面相的单向纤维增强复合材料三维应力的二重双尺度方法。在性能预报方面,首先对界面相和纤维进行均匀化得到均匀化夹杂,然后对均匀化夹杂和基体进行均匀化得到宏观均匀材料;在应力场描述方面,从宏观均匀场出发,利用双尺度渐近展开技术经过两次应力场传递,依次得到单胞和应力集中区域的应力场。与有限元方法相结合,计算了宏观轴向均匀拉伸载荷条件下含界面相的单向纤维增强复合材料的三维应力场分布。数值结果表明在此载荷条件下最大应力发生在每根纤维的中截面内,靠近纤维与界面相的交界处。讨论了界面相性能对应力场分布的影响,结果显示纤维、界面相与基体力学性能的等差过渡有利于缓解纤维在界面附近的应力集中。      

有界面脱粘时颗粒增强金属基复合材料的弹塑性性能分析

基于Mori-Tanaka理论和Eshelby等效夹杂理论,假定基体和增强相界面结合完好,推导出在力的边界条件下两相复合材料各组成相的应力、应变以及复合材料的体平均应变和应力,并考虑了基体和增强颗粒热膨胀系数引起的热应变以及各相塑性应变的影响.在此基础上,假定基体和复合材料均为各向同性材料,颗粒仅产生弹性变形,基体产生弹塑性变形且满足Mises屈服准则和等向强化准则,由颗粒所受的拉应力控制界面的脱粘,脱粘概率由Weibull分布函数来描述,脱粘后的颗粒等效为孔洞,采用割线模量法讨论了球形颗粒增强金属基复合材料有界面脱粘时的弹塑性性能,理论预测与实验结果吻合较好.     

界面相性态对纤维增强复合材料内应力传递的影响

本文用有限元法研究了具有基体裂纹的纤维增强复合材料内的应力传递问题。假设纤维与基体的界面为非理想的，文中运用“弹簧层”模型首先分析了在不同的组分弹性模量比、纤维体积含量与边界约束条件下，界面相性态对复合材料的应力传宾影响，然后进一步考察了在几种典型的损伤模式下界面附近的应力分布情况。     

界面对颗粒增强金属基复合材料强化性能的影响

为提高颗粒增强金属基复合材料的力学性能,采用基于微观组织的胞元模型建模方法,并利用有限元软件ABAQUS着重分析了界面层厚度以及界面层强度对复合材料性能的影响,通过对复合材料中各组成部分的应力、应变云图的获取,形象地说明了各部分的变形规律.研究结果表明,在弱界面层下,随着界面层厚度的增加,复合材料的强化效果并不显著,而在强界面层下,随着界面层厚度的增加,强化效果非常明显;就界面层强度来说,界面越强,所表现出的强化效果就越明显,但当界面层强度比基体大得多时,随着界面层强度的增加,虽然复合材料的强化呈递增趋势,但是递增的幅度已逐渐降低.     

颗粒增强金属基复合材料疲劳研究进展

对近年来颗粒增强金属基复合材料的疲劳研究进行了总结,从疲劳裂纹萌生及疲劳裂纹扩展方面讨论了其疲劳行为及机理,总结了增强颗粒特性、基体特性对其疲劳性能的影响,展望了颗粒增强金属基复合材料疲劳研究的发展前景。     

短纤维增强橡胶密封复合材料界面疲劳损伤行为

依据广义自洽方法,建立了包含芳纶纤维、界面相、橡胶基体和等效介质的代表性体积单元(RVE)模型。采用自定义材料子程序对内聚力疲劳累积损伤模型进行编译,分别在基体/界面相的界面和纤维/界面相的界面设置内聚力单元,研究界面相性能参数对纤维增强橡胶密封复合材料(SFRC)界面疲劳损伤行为的影响。探讨了界面相厚度和模量的确定方法,获得了不同界面相厚度和模量下SFRC界面脱粘起始位置以及脱粘起始疲劳次数。结果表明,较低的界面相模量能够抑制界面脱粘的产生;随着界面相厚度的增加,界面脱粘的起始疲劳次数增加,SFRC抗疲劳损伤能力得到提高。     

颗粒增强金属基表面复合材料的研制

为了提高金属材料的表面综合性能，作者研究了用快干涂料铸渗法来制造颗粒增强金属基表面复合材料的工艺，通过大量试验，开发出了一种新型的铸渗用快干涂料；分析了复合层的显微组织和主要质量影响因素，研究表明，直接用铸造的方法可在铸件表面形成同时具备外硬内韧、耐磨，耐热，耐蚀等优良综合性能的颗粒增强金属基表面复合材料，结果表明，浇注温度影响复合质量的最主要因素，在1450－1550℃范围内均能获得优良的表面复合层；表面复合材料的硬度在60HRC以上，是普通耐磨铸铁硬度的1．4－1．6倍，这是一种工艺简单，成本低且有广阔前途的新工艺。     

颗粒增强金属基复合材料中界面附近位移场测量的探索

本文采用数字散斑相关法对高能超声法制备的颗粒增强金属基复合材料在拉伸变形过程中颗粒与基体的界面处的位移进行了测量与分析，。实验结果表明，界面处所发生的位移变化要大于颗粒和基体内部所发生的位移，说明在颗粒与基体合金的界面处存在着导致应变集中的缺陷，从而导致了颗粒增强金属基复合材料失效过程中常常出现颗粒与基体在界面处脱粘的损伤形式。     

Incremental damage theory of particulate-reinforced composites with a ductile interphase

This paper deals with a new micromechanics model of particulate-reinforced composites (PRCs) describing the evolution of debonding damage, matrix plasticity and particle size effect on the deformation. A ductile interphase was considered in the frame of incremental damage theory to analyze the dependence of elastic–plastic–damage behavior on particle size. Progressive debonding damage was controlled by a critical energy criterion for particle–matrix interfacial separation. The equivalent stresses of the matrix and interphase were determined by field fluctuation method. The influences of progressive debonding damage, particle size and interphase properties on the overall stress–strain response of PRC were explained simultaneously. Due to the existence of a ductile interphase, stress transfer and plastic initiation in PRC become very complicated, and thus a unit-cell (UC) based FEM was used to simulate their evolutions and demonstrate the role of the interphase. Finally, particle size effect on the mechanical behaviors of composites was interpreted.     

Three-phase incremental damage theory of particulate-reinforced composites with a brittle interphase

This paper deals with a constitutive model of particulate-reinforced composites (PRCs) which can describe the evolution of debonding damage, matrix plasticity and particle size effects on deformation and damage. An incremental damage model of PRC based on Mori–Tanaka’s mean field concept has been extended to three-phase composites for interpreting particle size effect. The interphase was perfectly incorporated into the present micromechanics model as a third phase with the help of double-inclusion model. Progressive damage was controlled by a critical energy criterion for particle–matrix interfacial separation. Based on the developed model, influences of progressive debonding damage, particle size and interphase properties on the overall stress–strain response of PRC were discussed. Finally, particle size effect on the mechanical behaviors of composites was clearly interpreted from the role of the interphase, which is different from all the existing researches.     

Numerical investigation of the stress field of particulate reinforced polymeric composites subjected to tension

The aim of the present study is the detailed numerical investigation of the stress/strain distribution in polymeric matrix composites reinforced with spherical inclusions, using the finite element method (FEM). Perfect adhesion between the matrix and the inclusions was assumed and from the computed stress/strain profiles of the system, debonding initiation and propagation can easily be predicted. Analytical models available in the literature may predict the stress/strain distribution within the inclusion and along the matrix/inclusion interface, while the FEM may yield results for the whole composite, including within the inclusions. Three typical volume fractions of the composite were examined and the results were justified by the analytical predictions of other researchers. The numerical results show that the matrix starts to debond from the inclusions at angular distance forty‐five degrees and as the applied load increases the debonding zone gradually extends. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

纤维增强复合材料界面脱层和基体裂纹的模拟分析

基于Ghosh提出的Voronoi单元有限元方法,构造能同时反映纤维增强复合材料界面脱层和基体裂纹扩展的单元(X-VCFEM单元);应用界面力学理论和断裂力学理论,建立界面脱层、界面裂纹扩展方向和基体裂纹扩展的判断准则;结合网格重划分技术,模拟分析了只含有一个夹杂时界面脱层和基体裂纹扩展的过程,并通过与传统有限元计算结果的比较,验证X-VCFEM单元的可靠性和有效性;同时,模拟分析含任意随机分布夹杂的纤维增强复合材料界面脱层和基体裂纹的产生和扩展过程。结果表明：应用该方法模拟复杂多相复合材料裂纹问题具有计算速度快和精度高的优越性。     

A micro-mechanics model for composites reinforced by regularly distributed particles with an inhomogeneous interphase

Based on the Mori–Tanaka method, a micro-mechanics model is developed to study the effective elastic properties of composites reinforced by regularly distributed particles. The spatial distribution of particles is supposed to be cube symmetric in the three-dimensional space, and the corresponding finite element method (FEM) computation has been performed through a unit cell model. Additionally, particle interaction and distribution are simultaneously taken into account by using the strain Green’s function, and the specified strain Green’s function is determined by utilizing the necessary conditions of geometric symmetry. In order to analyze particle size effect on the effective properties of composites, the Double-inclusion configuration and related theory are introduced to describe the role of the interphase between the matrix and particles. Finally, the overall elastic properties of the composite with regularly distributed particles are described by three independent elastic constants expressed in the explicit form, and the accuracy of the developed model is verified by comparing with FEM results.     

颗粒增强金属基复合材料涂层的制备及其特性与应用

针对复合材料涂层的相关问题, 综述了颗粒增强金属基复合材料涂层的制备技术及其特性的研究进展。重点描述了电热爆炸超高速喷涂技术及电刷镀技术制备颗粒增强金属基复合材料涂层的发展现状、涂层组织结构和力学性能研究进展, 概述了颗粒增强金属基复合材料涂层的工程应用领域及其未来发展方向。     

颗粒增强镁基复合材料的研究现状

综述了颗粒增强镁基复合材料常用的基体合金,常用的增强相及其镁基复合材料的制备技术、组织和性能等,并对颗粒增强镁基复合材料的发展进行了展望.     

陶瓷基复合材料多层界面相应力传递的有限元模拟

针对陶瓷基复合材料（CMCs）多层界面相的应力传递进行了有限元模拟。采用圆柱单胞模型描述CMCs的细观结构,按相应界面相亚层的实际厚度建立明确的界面相,并假设界面相亚层之间及界面相与纤维、基体之间初始完好结合,然后赋予各界面相亚层不同的材料参数,并采用轴对称有限元法进行求解,最终建立了多层界面应力传递的模拟方法。分别对比了不同厚度热解碳（PyC）界面相、PyC和SiC两种不同成分界面相及（PyC/SiC）和（SiC/PyC）两种结构界面相的应力传递模拟结果。从剪应力沿纤维方向分布及径向分布特点可以看出,通过合理配置CMCs内部多层界面相的结构、成分和厚度,可以实现界面相应力传递及失效模式的控制和优化。