透明阻燃纳米纤维素/黏土复合薄膜的制备和性能EI北大核心CSCD

先将多层结构的黏土剥离成单片层黏土以提高黏土厚度的均匀性,再借助纳米纤维素在水中优异的空间位阻效应提高黏土在干燥过程中的稳定性以实现黏土在薄膜厚度方向上的有序堆叠,提高纳米纤维素/黏土复合薄膜的透光率,制备了一种透明、阻燃纳米纤维素/黏土复合薄膜。使用SEM、XRD、AFM、TGA等仪器分析和表征了复合薄膜结构、热稳定性和阻燃性。结果表明,当黏土与纳米纤维素质量比为1:1时复合薄膜的透光率达到90%,极限氧指数>60%。     

自组装法制备中空二氧化硅纳米粒子减反射薄膜

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为壳层材料, 聚丙烯酸(PAA)为核材料, 以传统的Stöber水解法为基础制备得到结构规整的中空二氧化硅纳米粒子, 并采用自组装法制备单层减反射薄膜和宽波段双层减反射薄膜。主要研究中空二氧化硅纳米粒子的结构调控方法; 自组装次数和中空二氧化硅纳米粒子分散液的pH值对减反射薄膜透光率的影响规律, 以及具有渐变折射率的双层减反射薄膜的制备。研究结果表明: 通过调节PAA和TEOS的用量可精确调控中空二氧化硅纳米粒子的粒径和空腔体积分率, 进而可精确调控减反射薄膜的厚度和折射率; 通过酸洗工艺, 将自组装次数由10次减少为2次, 简化了涂膜的工艺条件, 在最佳工艺条件下所制备的单层减反射薄膜在350~800 nm波长范围内可显著提高玻璃的透光率, 在最佳波长(λ=520 nm)处将玻璃的透光率由91.6%提高至98.1%; 双层减反射薄膜可在更宽的波段范围内提高基材的透光率, 在400~1500 nm波长范围内将玻璃的透光率提高了5%以上。     

Y2O3溶胶复合薄膜的抗近红外/紫外性能研究

以表面具有螯合官能团的高分子材料Poly(BA-co-GMA-IDA)为高分子液体模板,制备了Y2O3功能性溶胶复合薄膜.测试结果显示,Y2O3功能性混和溶胶薄膜具有优异的抗近红外/紫外性能,其薄膜对320nm以下的中短紫外光阻隔率＞97%(300nm以后可完全隔绝紫外),对320～380nm的长波紫外线的阻隔率也＞60%;近红外阻隔率可以达到70%以上.以高分子模板制备复合薄膜的抗近红外/紫外性能明显优于未用高分子模板制备的同类型薄膜.     

生物基六方氮化硼分散液在环氧复合材料中的应用

六方氮化硼(hBN)是具有良好机械性能、高导热性和优异润滑性能的新型二维纳米材料,它具有增强聚合物纳米复合材料的潜力。将hBN均匀分散于生物基环氧单体糠醇缩水甘油醚(FgE)中,采用TEM和AFM对其在FgE中的分散状态进行了表征,成功制备了低于10层的hBN纳米片分散液。将FgE-hBN分散液作为环氧树脂的活性稀释剂,在不使用任何有机溶剂作稀释剂的情况下,制备了FgE-hBN/环氧复合材料。研究结果证明,在FgE-hBN的存在下,环氧树脂的疏水性、耐热性能、机械性能以及耐摩擦性能均得到极大提升。环氧树脂性能的提高主要归因于良好分散的hBN纳米片自身具有的高疏水性、强导热性、强机械性及高润滑等优异性能。     

均匀分散纳米二氧化钛的制备及其紫外线屏蔽性能

以TiCl4、三乙醇胺为原料配位形成可溶性配合物，将此配合物先驱液滴加到氨水中，得到锐钛矿型二氧化钛超细粒子溶胶。研究了先驱液的加入量对二氧化钛纳米粒子的粒径及紫外线透过率的影响。将丙烯酸树脂乳液加入到均匀分散的纳米二氧化钛粒子溶胶中，通过原位聚合的方法获得了纳米TiO2高度分散的丙烯酸树脂复合薄膜。结合纯丙烯酸树脂薄膜的紫外线透过率曲线分析了TiO2的紫外线屏蔽性能。该分散均匀的锐钛矿型TiO2对紫外线具有十分优异的屏蔽作用。     

复合型纳米TiO2成膜液的制备及膜性能

研究了一种纳米成膜分散液的制备方法,探讨了超声作用对悬浮液分散稳定性的影响。实验结果表明,对纳米TiO2-水体系进行长时间超声强烈振荡(8h以上),对粒子在水中的分散起决定性作用,超声分散经历3个重要阶段:初级分散(超声2h左右),逆分散(3~5h),完全分散(8h以上);所制得的成膜液分散稳定性及光催化性能优异;用该成膜液制备纳米TiO2薄膜,所制得的薄膜具有优良光催化性能,以及耐热、耐水、耐腐蚀性、界面粘结性能和耐老化性能。     

单分散Eu~(3+)-PS荧光微球的制备及性能

采用分散聚合法研究了单分散纳米聚苯乙烯(PS)微球和宽稀土含量荧光PS微球的合成。在沸水排氧条件下,分别研究了单分散纳米PS微球、稀土配合物(Eu(MAA)3phen)与苯乙烯(St)共聚微球的合成和反应体系稳定性控制,成功制备出了粒径范围在120~260 nm的单分散PS微球及Eu~(3+)-PS共聚物荧光微球,拓宽了分散聚合制备PS微球的粒径范围。采用红外光谱、同步热分析、扫描电镜和透射电镜对产物的结构进行了表征,紫外光谱和荧光光谱对产物的光学性能进行了测试。结果表明产物的单分散性良好,具有Eu~(3+)离子的特征荧光发射。     

反应挤出纳米类水滑石/尼龙6复合材料的结构与性能

采用自制的双甲氧基苯甲酸根离子柱撑镁铝类水滑石(MgAl-HTlcs)和己内酰胺(CL)为主要原料,利用反应挤出工艺制备了纳米MgAl-HTlcs/尼龙6复合材料,研究了MgAl-HTlcs含量对复合材料结构与性能的影响。TEM照片显示:MgAl-HTlcs在复合材料中呈纳米级均匀分散,当MgAl-HTlcs含量为1.0wt%(占MgAl-HTlcs与CL总质量的质量分数)时出现了部分片层剥离的类水滑石。紫外光谱结果表明:与纯尼龙6相比,少量均匀分散的MgAl-HTlcs使复合材料对近紫外波长为320~380nm的紫外线吸收效果明显。XRD和DSC结果表明:少量均匀分散的MgAl-HTlcs对尼龙6起到了很好的异相成核剂的作用,不仅提高了其结晶温度,也增加了其结晶度。热重分析显示:部分片层剥离MgAl-HTlcs的存在明显提高了复合材料的热稳定性。     

功能氧化石墨烯纳米带/热塑性聚氨酯复合材料薄膜的制备及阻隔性能

以氧化解压多壁碳纳米管的方法制备了氧化石墨烯纳米带(GONRs),然后用异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)对GONRs化学修饰得到功能氧化石墨烯纳米带。采用溶液成形的方法在涂膜机上制备了功能氧化石墨烯纳米带(IPGONRs)/热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)复合材料薄膜,研究了IP-GONRs对TPU薄膜阻隔性能的影响。扫描电镜和X射线衍射的数据表明,IP-GONRs完全剥离地均匀分散在TPU基体中,并且基本沿着纳米复合材料薄膜表面平行分布。仅添加3.0%(质量分数,下同)的IP-GONRs时,TPU薄膜的氧气透过率便下降67%,因此获得了具有优异阻隔性能的IPGONRs/TPU纳米复合材料薄膜。这种具有优异阻隔性能的复合材料薄膜在食品包装和轻量气体存储容器方面有潜在的应用。     

用于制备高光防水相纸的分散液的制备

高光防水相纸是由纸基、底层、吸墨层三部分组成的。本文主要讨论的是用于吸墨层的分散液的制备。吸墨层由成膜性的高分子聚合物（binder）和纳米粒子（pigment）再加入一些助剂混合而成[2]。其中纳米粒子的预处理很重要．因为纳米粒子的表面能很高．从而很容易团聚．为了防止纳米粒子的团聚就需要对纳米粒子进行分散处理。本文在碱性条件下对氧化硅分散液的分散配方以及分散工艺进行了研究。并得出如下结论：所做分散液含15％的纳米级氧化硅、0．075％聚乙烯亚胺、0．75％的硅烷偶联剂以及0．1～1％的分散助剂。选用高速搅拌的方式进行分散,搅拌速度为8000r／min．搅拌时间为8min。按照该配方以及该工艺所做的分散液的稳定性比较好,而且用该分散液所做的高光防水相纸的光泽度在65度以上．防水效果很好。     

Development and characterization of PET/Fish Gelatin–nanoclay composite/LDPE laminate

A three‐layer laminate film was developed with the following structure: polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/fish gelatin (FG)–nanoclay composite/low‐density polyethylene (LDPE). The FG–nanoclay composite material functioned as the oxygen barrier layer and demonstrated comparable oxygen barrier properties when compared with a similar laminate utilizing ethylene vinyl alcohol as the barrier layer at a relative humidity (RH) of up to 50%. The introduction of nanometer‐sized filler clay into the FG matrix lowered the oxygen permeability (OP) because of the tortuosity effect of the clay particles. In addition, the FG–nanoclay composite film exhibited bond strengths similar to both LDPE and PET. The hydrophilic nature of FG significantly increases OP under high (>50%) RH conditions. However, this new FG laminate film could be a possible alternative for packaging designers desiring a more sustainable packaging material for low‐RH (<50%) applications. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Optical properties of an octadecylphosphonic acid self-assembled monolayer on a silicon wafer

We report a study of a full-coverage octadecylphosphonic acid (OPA or ODPA) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) spin-coated on the native oxide layer (SiO₂) of a single crystalline silicon (c-Si) wafer using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and reflectometry (SR). The OPA SAM showed characteristics of being a dielectric film in visible range and becoming absorbing in deep-UV range. By assuming an optical stack model of OPA/SiO₂/c-Si for the OPA monolayer system and adopting the parameterized Tauc-Lorentz dispersion model, we obtained an excellent fit of the model to the SE and SR data, from which dispersion of optical functions as well as thickness of the OPA film were deduced. The OPA film thickness measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) on partial coverage OPA samples was used as the initial trial film thickness in the fitting processes. The deduced OPA film thickness from SE and SR data fitting was in good agreement with that obtained by AFM.     

Carbon black–clay hybrid nanocomposites based upon EPDM elastomer

The present study explored the effect of nanoclay on the properties of the ethylene–propylene–diene rubber (EPDM)/carbon black (CB) composites. The nanocomposites were prepared with 40 wt% loading of fillers, where the nanoclay percentage was kept constant at 3 wt%. As the modified nanoclay contains the polar groups and the EPDM matrix is nonpolar, a polar rubber oil extended carboxylated styrene butadiene rubber (XSBR), was used during the preparation of nanocomposites to improve the compatibility. Primarily the nanoclay was dispersed in XSBR by solution mixing followed by ultrasonication. After that EPDM-based, CB–clay hybrid nanocomposites, were prepared in a laboratory scale two roll mill. The dispersion of the different nanoclay in the EPDM matrix was observed by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the mechanical properties of the hybrid nanocomposites were highly influenced by the dispersion and exfoliation of the nanoclays in the EPDM matrix. Thermo gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis was carried out for each nanocomposite. Among all the nanocomposites studied, the thermal and mechanical properties of Cloisite 30B filled EPDM/CB nanocomposite were found to be highest.     

Application of Methyl Cinnamate/Montmorillonite as Ultraviolet Radiation Shelters

The interaction of methyl cinnamate/montmorillonite samples prepared by melting the former onto the second or by joint grinding, has been studied by x-ray diffraction. differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Formation of an interlayer compound has been observed, leading to an increase of 4.15 or 3.42 A (samples obtained by melting or grinding, respectively) in the basal spacing of the clay. Formation of such a complex leads to a displacement of molecular water from the interlayer space, as concluded from the thermal studies. No chemical change is observed in the methyl cinnamate molecule, as confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. The system prepared improve the shelter properties of the clay and the drug separately, mainly in the C zone of the ultraviolet spectrum (290-190 nm).     

High-porosity aerogels of high specific surface area prepared from nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)

Low-density aerogels based on nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) from wood pulp were prepared from NFC aqueous dispersions using solvent exchange from water to tert-butanol followed by tert-butanol freeze-drying. In the present study, the dispersion of NFC nanofibers in the hydrocolloid was very well preserved in the aerogels. The “effective” diameter of the NFC nanofibers in the aerogels is around 10-18 nm corresponding to specific surface areas as high as 153-284 m² g⁻¹. Aerogels based on different NFC nanofibers were studied by FE-SEM, BET analysis (nitrogen gas adsorption), and mechanical properties were measured in compression for different densities of aerogels. The properties are compared with polymer foams and inorganic aerogels. Compared with cellular NFC foams, the present nanofibrous aerogels have lower modulus and show lower stress in compression for a given strain. Tert-butanol freeze-drying can therefore be used to create “soft” aerogels.     

Effect of nanoclays on physico-mechanical properties and adhesion of polyester-based polyurethane nanocomposites: structure–property correlations

Polyester–polyurethane nanocomposites based on unmodified and modified montmorillonite clays were compared in terms of their morphology, mechanical, thermal, and adhesive properties. Excellent dispersion of the modified nanoclay in polymer with 3 wt% loading was confirmed from X-ray diffraction, and low-, and high-magnification transmission electron micrographs. The properties of the clay-reinforced polyurethane nanocomposites were a function of nature and the content of clay in the matrix. The nanocomposite containing 3 wt% modified clay exhibits excellent improvement in tensile strength (by ~100%), thermal stability (20 °C higher), storage modulus at 25 °C (by ~135%), and adhesive properties (by ~300%) over the pristine polyurethane.     

Shrinkage reduction and morphological characterization of PP reinforced with glass fiber and nanoclay using functionalized PP as compatibilizer

This work presents results of shrinkage and structure characteristics of reinforced PP using combinations of glass fiber and nanoclay with functionalized PP as compatibilizer during injection molding. Shrinkage, warpage and structure characteristics of clay-fiber reinforced nanocomposites using PP grafted with 2-[2- (Dimethylamino) ethoxy] ethanol (DMAE) to obtain PPgDMAE as compatibilizer, were analyzed. The glass fiber-nanoclay combinations decrease the PP shrinkage as well as the warpage tendency. Functionalized PP facilitates glass fiber and clay dispersion and intercalation. The crystallization temperature, Tc, increases slightly with respect to pure PP and the degree of crystallinity, Xc, was reduced with the clay content.     

The effect of alternate heating rates during cure on the structure-property relationships of epoxy/MMT clay nanocomposites

This paper investigates the effect of both the mixing technique and heating rate during cure on the dispersion of montmorillonite (MMT) clay in an epoxy resin. The combination of sonication and using a 10 °C/min heating rate during cure was found to facilitate the dispersion of nanoclay in epoxy resin. These processing conditions provided a synergistic effect, making it possible for polymer chains to penetrate in-between clay galleries and detach platelets from their agglomerates. As the degree of dispersion was enhanced, the flexural modulus and strength properties were found to decrease by 15% and 40%, respectively. This is thought to be due to individual platelets fracturing in the nanocomposite. Complementary techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and optical microscopy were essential to fully characterise localised and spatial regions of the clay morphologies.     

Application of Methyl Cinnamate/Montmorillonite as Ultraviolet Radiation Shelters

Abstract

The interaction of methyl cinnamate/montmorillonite samples prepared by melting the former onto the second or by joint grinding, has been studied by x-ray diffraction. differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Formation of an interlayer compound has been observed, leading to an increase of 4.15 or 3.42 A (samples obtained by melting or grinding, respectively) in the basal spacing of the clay. Formation of such a complex leads to a displacement of molecular water from the interlayer space, as concluded from the thermal studies. No chemical change is observed in the methyl cinnamate molecule, as confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. The system prepared improve the shelter properties of the clay and the drug separately, mainly in the C zone of the ultraviolet spectrum (290-190 nm).     

Processing techniques for bio-based unsaturated-polyester/clay nanocomposites: Tensile properties,efficiency, and limits

Bio-based clay/polymer nanocomposites using blends of styrene-based unsaturated polyester and epoxidized methyl soyate were manufactured using solvent-based processing techniques. Four methods were evaluated to assess limitations related to solvent removal and incorporation of high clay and bio-resin content. Nanocomposite characterization was performed using electron microscopy and tensile tests. Solvent type, bio-resin addition sequence, and sonication energy were the key parameters governing processing efficiency and composite quality. Processes with bio-resin added after solvent removal show promise for the incorporation of high bio-resin and nanoclay contents. Use of acetone as a solvent with bio-resin added after solvent removal led to nanocomposites with good nanoclay dispersion and exfoliation, and high tensile modulus. Direct sonication in the base resin diluted with styrene led to enhanced and balanced gains in stiffness and toughness.