Mn掺杂单空位缺陷碳纳米管吸附NH_3分子的第一性原理研究

研究本征碳纳米管、单空位缺陷碳纳米管、Mn掺杂碳纳米管和Mn掺杂单空位缺陷碳纳米管对NH_3分子的吸附效果。采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,对各个模型的吸附能、吸附距离、电荷转移量、电子密度等的分析后发现:单空位缺陷有利于提高碳纳米管对NH_3分子的吸附效果,但碳纳米管未能与NH_3分子形成化学吸附;掺杂Mn原子能大大提高单空位缺陷碳纳米管与NH_3间的吸附能和电荷转移量,同时减小其吸附距离,说明Mn原子掺杂的单空位缺陷碳纳米管能够对NH3分子产生化学吸附。Mn原子掺杂单空位缺陷碳纳米管作为NH_3气敏材料值得后续深入研究。     

Cd-O共掺杂ZnTe第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法计算了未掺杂,Cd、O单掺杂及Cd-O共掺杂ZnTe的几何结构、能带结构、态密度分布、光吸收谱和介电常数等性质。结果表明:掺杂后的ZnTe晶格常数发生变化,其中Cd掺杂的ZnTe晶格失配最大;三种掺杂均使ZnTe禁带宽度减小,并引入杂质能级,其中O掺杂和Cd-O共掺杂的ZnTe的禁带宽度变化较为明显,同时掺杂后ZnTe吸收带边出现不同程度的红移。     

In-Ga共掺杂ZnO的第一性原理计算

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理,研究本征ZnO、In和Ga分别单掺杂及In-Ga共掺杂ZnO的电子结构和光学性质。结果表明:In掺杂的ZnO晶胞体积减小,Ga掺杂的ZnO晶胞体积增大,In-Ga共掺杂的ZnO晶胞体积增大是由掺入的Ga决定的;在ZnO禁带中引入杂质能级,禁带宽度变小,导电能力提高;In-Ga共掺杂后,ZnO吸收带边红移,在波长为302.3~766.8 nm的可见光范围内吸收减弱。     

钕掺杂锐钛矿二氧化钛的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)框架下的第一性原理平面波赝势方法(PWPP),使用Material studio 4.3中的CASTEP软件对钕掺杂锐钛矿二氧化钛进行第一性原理计算,讨论了钕掺杂对锐钛矿晶体结构、能隙、态密度等的影响。结果显示,钕掺杂可以使晶体的禁带宽度减小,有效提高了锐钛矿二氧化钛的光催化活性。     

S掺杂CeO_2的第一性原理计算

为了探究S杂质对CeO_2体系的影响机理,采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理,通过S原子代替O原子建立同等条件下不同浓度的CeO_(2-x)S_x模型,并对CeO_2的晶体结构进行优化,计算并分析体系的几何结构、能带结构、态密度和光学特性。结果表明:S掺杂后CeO_2的晶格常数发生改变;S掺杂使体系的导带和价带均向低能方向移动,随着掺杂浓度的增大,禁带宽度先减小后增大,并在禁带中引入3条杂质能级;CeO_2吸收边红移,并且随着掺杂浓度的增大,对可见光的吸收增强,对紫外光的吸收减弱。     

钕掺杂锐钛矿二氧化钛的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论（DFT）框架下的第一性原理平面波赝势方法（PWPP）,使用Material studio4．3中的CASTEP软件对钕掺杂锐钛矿二氧化钛进行第一性原理计算,讨论了钕掺杂对锐钛矿晶体结构、能隙、态密度等的影响。结果显示,钕掺杂可以使晶体的禁带宽度减小,有效提高了锐钛矿二氧化钛的光催化活性。     

N-Al共掺杂4H-SiC的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法,计算本征、N单掺杂、Al单掺杂及N-Al共掺杂4H-SiC的电子结构和光学性质。结果表明:N-Al共掺杂导致4H-SiC晶格膨胀,4H-SiC的禁带宽度减小,同时在4H-SiC禁带中引入了杂质能级;N、Al的单掺杂增加了4H-SiC对红外波段和可见光波段的响应,N-Al共掺杂不存在该现象;N-Al共掺杂4H-SiC较本征4H-SiC在紫外波段出现一个更大的透射窗口,吸收系数略小于本征4H-SiC的。     

Mn掺杂单空位缺陷碳纳米管吸附NH3分子的第一性原理研究北大核心CSCD

研究本征碳纳米管、单空位缺陷碳纳米管、Mn掺杂碳纳米管和Mn掺杂单空位缺陷碳纳米管对NH3分子的吸附效果。采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,对各个模型的吸附能、吸附距离、电荷转移量、电子密度等的分析后发现:单空位缺陷有利于提高碳纳米管对NH3分子的吸附效果,但碳纳米管未能与NH3分子形成化学吸附;掺杂Mn原子能大大提高单空位缺陷碳纳米管与NH3间的吸附能和电荷转移量,同时减小其吸附距离,说明Mn原子掺杂的单空位缺陷碳纳米管能够对NH3分子产生化学吸附。Mn原子掺杂单空位缺陷碳纳米管作为NH3气敏材料值得后续深入研究。     

金属掺杂锐钛矿相TiO_2的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论的从头算平面波超软赝势方法,计算了纯锐钛矿相TiO2及5种不同金属掺杂TiO2的晶格常数、能带结构、态密度与光吸收系数。结果表明,掺杂后能级的变化主要是过渡金属Co3d、Fe3d、Zr4d、Zr4p、V3p、V3d、W5d及W5p轨道的贡献。随着Co、Fe、V掺杂浓度的增加,禁带宽度呈减小趋势;Zr掺杂对能带结构几乎不产生影响;W掺杂能级远离禁带,只对价带构成产生了影响。金属掺杂使禁带宽度变化或出现新杂质能级,导致了TiO2吸收边沿红移或在可见光区域出现新的吸收峰;其中Co、Fe掺杂的吸收边沿明显红移,而W掺杂时在可见光区域出现较强的吸收峰。     

Mg掺杂锐钛矿相TiO_2的第一性原理计算

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理对不同浓度Mg掺杂锐钛矿相TiO2的电子结构和光学特性进行理论计算。结果表明,随着Mg掺杂浓度的增大,锐钛矿相TiO2的晶格膨胀程度越大,带隙宽度增大并且吸收边蓝移;不同掺杂浓度下Mg的3s和2p轨道对锐钛矿相TiO2的价带和导带组成贡献较小;在波长约为200⁵95、595595、595⁸00 nm的光区内,Mg掺杂锐钛矿相TiO2的光吸收能力分别减弱和增强。     

Theoretical study of alkali atom doped outside 4 angstroms carbon nanotubes

Using first-principles calculations, we study the doping of alkali atoms on the outer surface of 4 angstroms single-walled carbon nanotubes. It is found that the exterior doping at the "center" site is more favorable than the interior doping along tube axis. The calculated binding energies show a strong chirality dependence, and the alkali atoms tend to be bound strongest with the (5, 0) tube. The change of band structure upon doping is studied and the charge transfer between tube and alkali atom is shown. Our calculations indicate that the Li storage capacity can be reached to a maximum of LiC2.5, which suggests that the 4 angstroms nanotube could be a plausible candidate for Li-ion battery applications.     

Silicon adsorption in defective carbon nanotubes: a first principles study

The electronic and structural properties of an (8, 0) single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) with a single vacancy and interacting with a Si atom are studied using first principles calculations based on the density-functional theory. Initially, the Si atom is positioned in the site above the vacancy, with its position fixed until the nanotube geometry is fully relaxed. After that, the Si atom approaches the tube and it is shown that one C atom is displaced outwards forming a bump. The final configuration, as well as each step of the process, is studied in detail and the resulting band structures and the total charge densities are systematically analysed.     

Titanium monomers and wires adsorbed on carbon nanotubes: a first principles study

In this work a theoretical study of Ti monomers and wires interacting with an (8, 0) semiconductor single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT), by inside as well as outside faces, is presented. Spin-polarized total-energy ab initio calculations, based on the density functional theory, are used to describe the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of the studied systems. The most stable configurations for monomers are found to be over the centre of a C-C bond for inside and over the midpoint of the centre of the hexagonal site for outside. Considering that the Ti atoms on the tube surface tend to form continuous wires, to allow a comprehensive view of the interaction of the Ti wires with the SWNT surface, we present a complete understanding, both from inside and outside the nanotube. Our calculations have shown that the most stable configuration is with the wire inside the tube, with the resulting electronic structures showing a metallic system with high hybridization between the Ti and C atoms and a large charge transfer from Ti to C atoms. For Ti wire adsorbed inside the tube the low spin configuration is shown to be more stable than high spin configuration and the opposite behaviour is observed for the corresponding outside case. These novel results are relevant for the understanding of Ti atoms covering and filling SWNTs, demonstrating the high stability of these systems and suggesting that they can be useful for future use in nanodevices, in particular for spintronics and nanosensors.     

B/N/Si掺杂的(9,0)型碳纳米管电子结构第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的DMol3软件包,研究了(9,0)型碳纳米管(CNT)顶端掺杂B/N/Si等元素对其几何结构及电子结构的影响.结果表明,掺杂原子对非掺杂区几何结构影响微弱;加电场后,各种掺杂CNT顶端局域态密度(LDOS)峰位向价带移动;B/N/Si掺杂不仅引起CNT费米能级(Ef)处LDOS增大,而且最低空轨道与最高占有轨道的差值(LUMO-HOMO)降低.由此可预期CNT顶端掺B/N/Si均有利于场致电子发射,且改善幅度依次增强.     

多壁碳纳米管改性铂型IPMC的试验研究

将一种全氟磺酸树脂(Nafion)与多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)分别按质量比100:1、 100:3、 100:5进行配比, 采用溶剂浇铸法配合超声波分散法制备MWCNTs/Nafion型离子交换膜(IEM), 在此基础上利用化学沉积法制备铂型离子聚合物金属复合材料(Pt-IPMC), 考察三种MWCNTs负载量对IEM及Pt-IPMC性能的影响。采用SEM配合EDAX研究Pt的沉积效果, 对IEM及Pt-IPMC试样进行拉伸测试, 采用数字信号发生器为激励源测试Pt-IPMC的动态位移。结果表明: 添加MWCNTs使Pt-IPMC的内、 外电极厚度分别增加200%~250%和180%~200%, 使IEM及Pt-IPMC的弹性模量分别提高57.92%~140.85%和9.06%~52.85%; MWCNTs有效修饰了Pt-IPMC的内电极, 并明显提升其动态位移量、 动态响应及变形速度。     

Adsorption and penetration of hydrogen in W: A first principles study

In BCC crystals, such as Tungsten (W), slippage has been observed on the (1 1 0) and (1 1 2) planes. In this work, hydrogen diffusion paths from three different W surfaces ((1 0 0), (1 1 0) and (1 1 2)) have been calculated using first principles density functional theory. Equilibrium sites for H at the surfaces are identified. The energetics for H penetration from the surfaces to the solute site in the bulk is calculated. It is found that for our low surface coverage of H (3.4 × 10¹⁴ H/cm²), approximately 2 eV is required for an H atom to penetrate any of the W surfaces considered in this study.     

Mechanism of Pt loading on multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Microwave treatment of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with nitric acid (HNO3) and 0.2 M sodium chlorate (NaClO3) can generate and enhance defects on the surfaces of MWCNTs. These defects are the important sites to load Pt nanoparticles (NPs). We investigated the defect induced Raman spectra and observed a decrease in the R-values (D-band/G-band peak ratio) and a slight up-shift of the both peaks as the amount of loaded Pt NPs increased. Using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, we observed that the pore size distribution and the pore volume changed according to the amount of Pt NPs loaded. Fewer micropores and mesopores were observed on MWCNTs loaded with Pt NPs. Based on the pore size distribution calculated from the BET results, Pt NPs loaded mainly on pores/defects with a size of 2-8 nm. Transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy results confirmed that most well-crystallized Pt NPs loaded on the surface defect sites and pores spontaneously through the exchange of electrons between Pt and C atoms.     

The first principles study on PtC compound

We have studied structural, thermodynamic, elastic, and electronic properties of platinum carbide (PtC) in zinc-blende and rock-salt structures by performing ab initio calculations within the LDA approximations. Particularly, we have focused on the structural and the pressure dependence of elastic moduli and related quantities. The other basic key properties, such as the lattice constant, cohesive energy, the phase transition pressure, bulk modulus and its pressure derivative are also repeated and compared with the other available experimental and theoretical works.     

Adsorption behavior of carbon nanotubes on polystyrene surfaces

Polystyrene (PS) was prepared using two different polymerization methods (dispersion polymerization and seed polymerization) to investigate the steric stabilizer effect during the adsorption process of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the surface of PS microspheres. Experiments with different microsphere diameters and difference types of CNTs were conducted to analyze the curvature effect of the spheres on the adsorption mechanism. The results showed that PS microspheres prepared through dispersion polymerization exhibited preferable adsorption behavior compared to PS spheres prepared through seed polymerization, suggesting that poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) led to improved adsorption interactions between the CNTs and the PS microspheres in the CNTs dispersion. Additionally, the PS diameter and CNT curvature were examined with respect to the adsorption behavior between the PS microspheres and the CNTs. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were found to be well adsorbed on the surface of PS microspheres measuring 2 microm. However, the MWCNTs were adsorbed much less on the surface of submicron-sized PS microspheres, compared with thinwalled carbon nanotubes (TWCNTs). On the other hand, TWCNTs were found to be suitable for adsorption on submicron-sized PS microspheres. These results also indicate that the curvature of the CNTs and the polymer microspheres are important to the CNT adsorption process.