聚氧化乙烯-聚硅氧烷基离子液体复合聚合物电解质的研究

通过对不同聚硅氧烷(PDMS)含量的聚氧化乙烯-聚硅氧烷(PEO-PDMS)聚合物电解质电化学性能的测试,确定出PDMS最佳添加量,并以此聚合物配比为基体,通过复合不同质量分数的离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑双三氟甲磺酰亚胺盐([BMIM]TF-SI)或N-甲基、丙基哌啶双三氟甲磺酰亚胺盐(PP13TFSI),制备得到不同体系的离子液体复合聚合物电解质膜。离子液体的加入可显著提高聚合物电解质的室温电导率,样品PPP-100%室温电导率达到5.6×10-4S/cm。同时,样品均具有良好的热学和电化学稳定性。通过两种体系聚合物电解质性能对比得知,PP13TFSI离子液体复合聚合物电解质具有更优性能,有望作为新型电解质材料应用在锂离子电池中。     

聚离子液体/三聚氰胺碳基材料的制备及电化学性能

将三聚氰胺和聚[3-氰甲基-1-乙烯基咪唑双(三氟甲磺酰基)酰亚胺]（PCMVImTf2N）以不同质量比原位复合作为前驱体,经高温煅烧制备得到多孔碳基催化剂。研究结果表明：当三聚氰胺与聚离子液体PCMVImTf2N的质量比为1:7时,制得的NC-7在0.5 mol/L硫酸（H2SO4）电解液中显示出最佳的电催化析氢能力;在电流密度为10 mA/cm2时,其过电位为117 mV,对应的Tafel斜率为46 mV/dec,性能优于众多无金属电催化剂。     

互穿网络型乙烯基酯树脂/环氧树脂的增韧与热性能

使用双酚A型环氧乙烯基酯树脂(VER)与双酚F型环氧树脂(EP)同步固化的方法对环氧树脂进行增韧改性.研究了共混体系的固化反应过程、力学和热性能以及形态结构.结果表明,当环氧树脂与乙烯基酯树脂的质量比为90∶10时,所得到的树脂体系在韧性提高的同时,耐热性能(Tg)也有明显的提高,获得了一种兼具韧性和耐热性能的树脂基体.     

多官能团端乙烯基酯基-环氧树脂的合成与结构表征

通过控制N,N,N′,N′-四缩水甘油基-4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷(TGDDM)和丙烯酸(AA)的摩尔比(n(AA)/n(TGDDM)=1∶1、2∶1、3∶1、4∶1),合成了一系列多官能团端乙烯基酯基-环氧树脂(MVE-EPs)。采用端基分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)分析了反应过程中环氧基和乙烯基酯基的变化规律。结果表明,反应体系中环氧基含量逐渐降低而乙烯基酯基含量逐渐升高,TGDDM的分子链上部分环氧基转化为乙烯基酯基,生成既含环氧基又含乙烯基酯基的MVE-EPs树脂。采用FT-IR、核磁共振氢谱(~1H-NMR)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)等测试表征了不同MVE-EPs树脂的结构。结果表明,随着原料配比中AA含量增加,MVE-EPs中乙烯基酯基含量逐渐增加,环氧基含量逐渐降低,MVE-EPs的相对分子质量逐渐升高,其中多官能团环氧乙烯基酯树脂(MVER)的数均相对分子质量(M_n)最大,MVE-EP 2的多分散性指数最大。     

新型磷氮阻燃剂TGICA-DOPO的合成及其对乙烯基酯树脂阻燃性能的影响

以异氰尿酸三缩水甘油酯（TGIC）、丙烯酸和9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物（DOPO）为主要原料,合成了一种含P和N元素的新型阻燃添加剂TGICA-DOPO,将其应用在乙烯基酯树脂（VER）中可以制备具有良好阻燃性能的TGICA-DOPO/VER复合材料。通过FTIR光谱、核磁共振（³¹P-NMR和¹H-NMR）等对TGICA-DOPO的分子结构进行了表征;通过极限氧指数（LOI）测试、TGA和DMA研究了TGICA-DOPO/VER树脂体系的阻燃性能和耐热性能。结果表明,当树脂体系中TGICA-DOPO的质量分数为30wt%时,LOI达到35;当体系中TGICA-DOPO的质量分数为25wt%时,树脂浇铸体在800℃下的残炭量提高了322%;FTIR和SEM测试结果表明,燃烧时TGICA-DOPO有助于形成高致密、连续炭层,隔绝了热量和空气向基材的传递,从而在凝聚相中发挥阻燃作用。     

PAN-POSS接枝共聚物改性聚环氧乙烷/离子液体凝胶电解质的制备及性能

采用自由基聚合法成功合成了聚丙烯腈与笼型倍半硅氧烷的接枝共聚物(PAN-POSS),并将其引入聚环氧乙烷(PEO)/1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑双三氟甲磺酰亚胺盐([EMIM][TFSI])/双三氟甲磺酰亚胺锂(LiTFSI)体系,通过溶剂挥发法制备具有自支撑性的凝胶电解质(GPEs)。采用差示扫描量热分析、热分析、拉伸测试和电化学性能测试等进行表征,研究了PAN-POSS含量对PEO基电解质结晶性能、力学性能、热稳定性和电化学性能的影响。结果表明,在PEO/[EMIM][TFSI]/LiTFSI凝胶电解质体系中,随PAN-POSS含量增加,PEO的结晶度逐渐降低,当质量分数为9%时,结晶度从初始的25.7%降至11.6%。此时,GPEs的室温离子电导率为2.87×10~(-4) S/cm,在0.1 C充电速率下,电池的容量达到130 mAh/g。PAN-POSS的添加提高了GPEs的热稳定性,热降解温度可达到380.6℃,力学性能略有下降,但是仍然达到3.3 MPa,具有良好的自支撑特性。     

环氧乙烯基酯树脂固化工艺及性能研究

采用三种不同过氧化物为树脂基体固化剂,对环氧乙烯基树脂进行固化。测定不同固化剂含量在不同温度下树脂的凝胶时间,通过对制备的树脂浇注体进行拉伸实验测试,差示扫描量热（DSC）法研究了不同树脂固化体系的反应放热特性,采用扫描电镜（SEM）观察了不同固化剂在其最佳固化工艺下树脂浇注体的断面的表面形态。本文确定了不同体系树脂胶液的固化剂含量及固化工艺,得到拉伸性能良好的环氧乙烯基树脂浇注体。     

玄武岩纤维对环氧乙烯基酯树脂基体固化特性的影响

根据纯环氧乙烯基酯树脂和加入玄武岩纤维以后的DSC曲线,研究了玄武岩纤维对环氧乙烯基酯树脂固化特性的影响,并得出了动力学方程。结果表明,玄武岩纤维的加入使环氧乙烯基酯的DSC曲线放热峰前移且变的尖锐,反应活化能降低,反应级数下降,使固化反应速度提高,固化工艺温度降低。     

聚离子液体型聚合物电解质的制备及表征

以N-乙烯基咪唑、溴乙酸甲酯和二（三氟甲基磺酰亚胺）锂（LiTFSI）为原料,采用溶液聚合法制备了聚（1-乙烯基-3-乙酸甲酯基咪唑二（三氟甲基磺酰亚胺））（PMVIm-TFSI）。将其与LiTFSI和聚（甲基丙烯酸甲酯-醋酸乙烯酯）（P（MMA-VAc））共混制得了不同质量比的聚合物电解质。核磁共振（1 HNMR）、红外光谱（FT-IR）、示差扫描量热计（DSC）、热重分析（TGA）、X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、交流阻抗（AC impedance）等对电解质的测试结果表明,PMVIm-TFSI掺杂到P（MMA-VAc）和LiTFSI组成的电解质中后其电导率得到了极大的改善,30℃下最高可达4.71×10-4S/cm,同时热稳定性也得到了极大的提高。此外,该共混电解质（透过率≥90%）还可以运用到电致变色器件（ECD）导电离子材料中,也显示出了优良的电化学性能。     

镀镍碳纤维-碳纤维-玻璃纤维/乙烯基酯树脂导电复合材料的设计制备及其电磁性能

本研究旨在设计制备兼具电和磁功能的新型导电复合材料。采用具有良好导电性的短切碳纤维（CF）与兼具磁性和导电性的短切镀镍碳纤维（Ni-CF）作为功能体,以短切玻璃纤维（GF）作为填料,以乙烯基酯树脂（VER）作为基体,设计制备电磁性能可调控的导电复合材料。分别研究了CF含量对CF-GF/VER导电复合材料体积电阻率的影响、Ni-CF长度对（Ni-CF）-CF-GF/VER导电复合材料体积电阻率的影响,重点研究了Ni-CF含量对（Ni-CF）-CF-GF/VER导电复合材料体积电阻率和磁导率的影响,并初步探索了导电复合材料的电磁屏蔽性能。结果表明：（Ni-CF）-CF-GF/VER导电复合材料体积电阻率在0.35~36.48 Ω·cm范围内可调,磁导率在0.2~0.7内可调。CF和Ni-CF的含量和长度都会对（Ni-CF）-CF-GF/VER导电复合材料电磁性能产生较大影响。制备的（Ni-CF）-CF-GF/VER导电复合材料有望应用于电磁屏蔽领域。     

电子束烟气脱硫装置中混凝土烟道的防腐蚀

为了防止电子束烟气脱硫脱硝(EA-FGD)装置中各种腐蚀介质对混凝土烟道的侵蚀,保证装置的安全,采用环氧树脂和乙烯基酯树脂配合各种功能填料对混凝土烟道进行内衬防腐蚀试验.经过两年多的运行考核,内衬防腐蚀层保持完好,混凝土没有被腐蚀的迹象,保持了原有的力学性能.试验结果表明,环氧树脂和聚乙烯基酯树脂与各种功能填料配合使用能较好地抵御烟道腐蚀介质的侵蚀,达到保护混凝土烟道的目的.     

Comparison of tensile and compressive characteristics of vinyl ester/glass microballoon syntactic foams

The present study is focused on the synthesis and characterization of vinyl ester/glass microballoon syntactic foams. Tensile and compressive properties of vinyl ester matrix syntactic foams are characterized. Results show that the compressive strength and moduli of several syntactic foam compositions are comparable to those of the neat matrix resin. Due to the lower density of syntactic foams, the specific compressive properties of all compositions are higher than those of the neat resin. Similar trends are observed in the tensile properties. Mechanical properties of vinyl ester matrix syntactic foams are compared to well-documented mechanical properties of epoxy matrix systems. The comparison shows that low cost vinyl ester resins, which are extensively used in marine applications, can result in syntactic foams with comparable performance to epoxy matrix systems. In addition, tensile modulus is found to be 15–30% higher than the compressive modulus for all syntactic foam compositions. This difference is related to the possibility of particle fracture in the stress range where modulus is calculated in the compressive stress–strain curves.     

Characteristics of a Graphene Nanoplatelet Anode in Advanced Lithium‐Ion Batteries Using Ionic Liquid Added by a Carbonate Electrolyte

A Cu‐supported, graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) electrodes are reported a as high performance anode in lithium ion battery. The electrode precursor is an easy‐to‐handle aqueous ink cast on cupper foil and following dried in air. The scanning electron microscopy evidences homogeneous, micrometric flakes‐like morphology. Electrochemical tests in conventional electrolyte reveal a capacity of about 450 mAh g⁻¹ over 300 cycles, delivered at a current rate as high as 740 mA g⁻¹. The graphene‐based electrode is characterized using a N‐butyl‐N‐methyl‐pyrrolidiniumbis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, lithium‐bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Py_1,4TFSI–LiTFSI) ionic liquid‐based solution added by ethylene carbonate (EC): dimethyl carbonate (DMC). The Li‐electrolyte interface is investigated by galvanostatic and potentiostatic techniques as well as by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, in order to allow the use of the graphene‐nanoplatelets as anode in advanced lithium‐ion battery. Indeed, the electrode is coupled with a LiFePO₄ cathode in a battery having a relevant safety content, due to the ionic liquid‐based electrolyte that is characterized by an ionic conductivity of the order of 10⁻² S cm⁻¹, a transference number of 0.38 and a high electrochemical stability. The lithium ion battery delivers a capacity of the order of 150 mAh g⁻¹ with an efficiency approaching 100%, thus suggesting the suitability of GNPs anode for application in advanced configuration energy storage systems.     

High Performance Low-Temperature Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by Tailored Electrolyte Solvation Structure

The electrochemical performances of lithium metal batteries are determined by the kinetics of interfacial de-solvation and ion transport, especially at low-temperature environments. Here, a novel electrolyte that easily de-solvated and conducive to interfacial film formation is designed for low-temperature lithium metal batteries. A fluorinated carboxylic ester, diethyl fluoromalonate (DEFM), and a fluorinated carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) are used as solvents, while high concentrated lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) is served as the solute. Through tailoring the electrolyte formulation, the lithium ions in the high concentrated fluorinated carboxylic ester electrolyte are mainly combined with anions, which weakens the bonding strength of lithium ions and solvent molecules in the solvation structure, beneficial to the de-solvation process at low temperature. The fluorinated carboxylic ester (FCE) electrolyte enables the LiFePO₄ (LFP) | Li half-cell achieves a high capacity of 91.9 mAh g⁻¹ at −30 °C, with high F content in the interface. With optimized de-solvation kinetics, the LFP | Li full cell remains over 100 mAh g⁻¹ at 0 °C after cycling 100 cycles. Building new solvents with outstanding low-temperature properties and weaker solvation to match with Li metal anode, this work brings new possibilities of realizing high energy density and low temperature energy storage batteries.     

Effect of resin system on the mechanical properties and water absorption of kenaf fibre reinforced laminates

The objective of this study is to compare the mechanical and water absorption properties of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) fibre reinforced laminates made of three different resin systems. The use of different resin systems is considered so that potentially complex and expensive fibre treatments are avoided. The resin systems used include a polyester, a vinyl ester and an epoxy. Laminates of 15%, 22.5% and 30% fibre volume fraction were manufactured by resin transfer moulding. The laminates were tested for strength and modulus under tensile and flexural loading. Additionally, tests were carried out on laminates to determine the impact energy, impact strength and water absorption. The results revealed that properties were affected in markedly different ways by the resin system and the fibre volume fraction. Polyester laminates showed good modulus and impact properties, epoxy laminates displayed good strength values and vinyl ester laminates exhibited good water absorption characteristics. Scanning electron microscope studies show that epoxy laminates fail by fibre fracture, polyester laminates by fibre pull-out and vinyl ester laminates by a combination of the two. A comparison between kenaf and glass laminates revealed that the specific tensile and flexural moduli of both laminates are comparable at the volume fraction of 15%. However, glass laminates have much better specific properties than the kenaf laminates at high fibre volume fractions for all three resins used.     

端羧基丁腈橡胶改性环氧树脂的结构与性能

用液体端羧基丁腈橡胶(CTBN)对环氧树脂(EP)进行改性,合成了CTBN/EP预聚物,FT-IR分析表明,在反应中EP的环氧基开环后与CTBN的羧基反应生成了酯键。研究了CTBN/EP/聚醚胺(PEA)体系的力学性能,结果表明,随着CTBN含量的增大,其弯曲强度、拉伸强度降低,冲击强度、断裂伸长率增大,说明CTBN通过化学预聚改性的EP具有良好的韧性。SEM分析表明,固化过程中析出了橡胶相并均匀分散在环氧树脂基体中。     

液晶环氧树脂增韧改性E-51树脂体系性能研究

目的研究液晶环氧树脂含量对E-51树脂体系固化性能和力学性能的影响。方法采用动态DSC法,研究了液晶环氧树脂对固化反应性的影响;采用力学性能测试和扫描电镜的方法,研究了液晶环氧树脂对固化物力学性能的影响,及其增韧机理。结果液晶环氧树脂含量越高,树脂体系固化反应越快。液晶环氧树脂的加入使冲击强度、弯曲强度和拉伸强度均得到提高。结论液晶环氧树脂质量分数为7%的配方,冲击强度和弯曲强度最高;质量分数为10%的配方拉伸强度最高。     

乙烯基侧链环氧树脂对E-51/NBR体系的影响

采用新型乙烯基侧链环氧树脂(VE)与E-51环氧树脂/液体丁腈橡胶体系共混,用万能材料试验机、动态力学分析仪和扫描电镜表征了VE的含量对树脂/橡胶体系力学性能、玻璃化转变温度(Tg)、微观相态结构的影响.结果表明,利用VE与E-51、丁腈橡胶良好的相容性可以显著改善树脂/橡胶体系的相容性;添加了VE后,用液体丁腈橡胶改性过的环氧树脂韧性提高,并保持了较好的力学强度;当VE/E-51=4/6,NBR含量为20%(wt)时,其拉伸强度比纯E-51/NBR体系提高11.9%,弯曲强度提高31.3%,断裂伸长率提高14.8%;体系的Tg、微观相态结构都随VE的含量呈现出有规律的变化.     

端羧基液体丁腈橡胶改性海因环氧树脂性能研究

目的 采用端羧基液体丁腈橡胶(CTBN)对海因环氧树脂进行增韧改性。方法 通过热熔法将不同份数的CTBN添加到海因环氧树脂中，以4,4''–二氨基二苯甲烷为固化剂制备了改性环氧树脂，通过固化动力学研究确定了其固化工艺，考察CTBN用量对改性树脂体系的反应活性、力学性能、热性能以及断面微观形貌的影响。结果 随着CTBN的加入，改性树脂的固化放热峰向高温方向偏移。CTBN可显著提高树脂体系的断裂伸长率和冲击强度，其热性能基本保持不变。改性树脂的断面呈现两相“海岛”结构。结论 CTBN对海因环氧树脂有明显的增韧作用，制备的改性树脂体系可用于金属防腐涂料和胶黏剂等材料。