COREX流程熔炼煤的选择

COREX流程的高效生产主要取决于熔炼煤的选取，使用性能适当的熔炼煤可以减少整个流程的净能耗，降低生产成本，并且摆脱对焦炭的依赖，在COREX流程中，主要检测熔炼煤的有效热值、成分和热稳定性，这些指标分别从煤耗、还原气利用率和固定床高度方面影响着整个生产流程，较高的有效热值保证了熔炼造气炉内具有足够的热量熔炼海绵铁，熔炼煤的成分通过气体利用率来确保还原竖炉内具有足够的还原气还原铁矿石，为了减少焦炭的用量，熔炼煤还必须具有一定的热稳定性来形成一个稳定的固定床。     

熔融还原流程优化试验研究

介绍了铁矿石在流化床和竖炉模拟装置中的还原试验结果，研究了用不同金属化率预还原矿熔炼的基本能耗，综合讨论了获得最佳还原熔炼配合和最低能耗的熔融还原基本技术参数。     

煤制气竖炉处理钒钛海砂技术的研究

针对某地钒钛海砂进行球团制备、气基还原和熔分试验研究,并对煤气化和脱硫、脱碳工艺进行比较和选择。对于煤制气-气基竖炉流程,推荐低压流化床煤气化制备粗煤气,采用活性MDEA溶液工艺脱硫、脱碳制备还原气。     

煤气化直接还原的固体燃料造气工艺研究

制取合格的还原煤气是富氧煤气化直接还原竖炉新工艺的技术关键。由小型生产模拟试验，对固体燃料造气中的燃料选择，造气工艺制度液态排渣，发生炉温度和煤气成分控制，粉尘控制等进行研究，得到较为合理的造气工艺参数，为富氧煤气化直接还原竖炉工业试验提供依据。     

钛磁铁矿竖炉预还原-电炉炼铁流程初探

本文回顾了钛磁铁矿竖炉直接还原的试验研究情况。论述了钛磁铁矿球团的还原特点,即由于其物质组成和结构的特殊性,要求还原气具有高还原势和高还原温度。竖炉预还原工艺可以大幅度降低对气体成分和温度的要求,使流程容易实现工业化。对竖炉预还原-电炉炼铁流程的主要工序作了说明。本流程能很好地适应川西地区的能源资源特点,可以大幅度提高钒钛磁铁矿的综合利用水平,是值得进一步开发的重要的新流程。     

天然气部分氧化-气基竖炉流程的模拟研究

建立天然气部分氧化转化炉与气基竖炉联产直接还原铁流程的模型,进行热合成气与循环炉顶气混合进竖炉、冷合成气与循环炉顶气混合加热进竖炉两种工艺流程的稳态模拟对比。两个工艺相比,前者热损失小,但还原气中有效气体含量低;后者热损失大,但还原气中有效气体含量高,有利于竖炉内的还原反应。     

浦项FINEX熔融还原工艺技术研究

韩国浦项（POSCO）在COREX熔融还原工艺基础上，成功的开发了FINEX熔融还原炼铁工艺技术，并于2007年4月10日开工点火，设计产能150万妇，通过50天的验证，装置运行一切正常。FINEX工艺的基本原理是用四段流化床代替COREX装置的还原竖炉，流化床内还原气体和粉矿直接接触进行还原，还原后的热矿粉进入熔融气化炉。使用FINEX工艺，能够直接利用粒度小于8mm的粉矿，同时能够直接使用煤粉。COREX装置的熔融气化炉被用来对还原获得的海绵铁热压块进行最后还原和熔炼，也作为FINEX的煤气发生器，原来的还原竖炉用作为FINEX装置的贮料仓和加料仓。     

气基竖炉直接还原炼铁流程重构优化

直接还原铁比较纯净、成分稳定,是电炉炼钢的优质原料。中国焦化行业产生大量焦炉煤气,适宜发展以焦炉煤气为还原气的竖炉直接还原炼铁流程,现有工艺主要有Midrex工艺和HYL-ZR工艺。为了解决Midrex工艺和HYL-ZR工艺所存在的问题,通过流程功能分析,提出气基竖炉直接还原重构优化流程,主要工序包括焦炉煤气压缩、TSA预处理、PSA脱碳、PSA提纯CH₄、富氢气加热、竖炉直接还原炼铁等。该流程不仅净化焦炉煤气,而且可分离CH₄,使还原气中H₂与CO的比例达到8,并省去CH₄重整环节,提高炉内直接还原效率。该流程前端与焦化工序连接,后端与电弧炉连接,不仅有利于钢铁联合企业资源优化配置,而且可以生产天然气,提高能源利用效率。     

铜钴伴生硫化矿火法冶炼过程钴的分配计算

针对铜钴伴生硫化矿冶炼的难题,提出了氧化造锍熔炼—还原造锍熔炼—氧化吹炼的工艺流程,以提高钴回收率、缩短钴回收流程。对氧化造锍熔炼—还原造锍熔炼过程中钴的分配比进行了计算。结果表明,在氧化造锍阶段,低操作温度和低冰铜品位可大幅提高钴在锍和渣中的分配比;在还原造锍阶段,低的还原温度和造高含铁冰铜都有利于钴的富集和回收。在典型的闪速熔炼—还原贫化工艺过程中钴的最大回收率为65%,可通过改变操作工艺条件来提高钴回收率。     

竖炉直接还原过程中还原气最小需要量的计算方法和应用

还原气需要量是评价竖炉直接还原工艺和炉型的主要技术经济指标。本文根据热力学的一般规律计算了竖炉直接还原过程中还原气的最小需要量(即理论需要量)。米式(Midrex)竖炉还原气需要量设计指标为1800～1850米~3/吨海绵铁,是理论计算量(1650米~3/吨海绵铁)的1.09～1.12倍,很相近,有的竖炉则需要2500～3000米~3/吨海绵铁。还原气需要量的不同主要取决于还原工艺条件和还原气组成。关于还原气的氧化度——     

Fluidized bed reduction as the prestep of smelting reduction

Comparing the four fundamental ironmaking processes the reasons for the development of smelting reduction were derived. Based on bibliographical references a fundamental classification of the main important smelting reduction processes is presented regarding the process engineering principle of both steps, prereduction and final reduction. According to fundamental considerations, the fluidized bed process seems to be optimal for prereduction. Experiments to investigate the influence of process parameters on sticking – the main problem of fluidized-bed reduction – and their interactions were carried out. Optimal operating conditions to run a fluidized bed as the prereduction unit of smelting reduction process were derived. A special “Reduction-SEM” to directly observe metallurgical reactions, like the precipitation behaviour of iron during iron ore reduction, is presented. With the results of such investigations it is possible to show the influence of precipitation behaviour on sticking and to assign the different types of precipitates to the Baur-Glaessner-Diagram. The influence of hydrogen addition on surface morphology is sketched out.     

流态化技术在熔融还原工艺中的应用

介绍了FINEX、FINMET、Circored和HIsmelt等几种典型熔融还原工艺采用流化床处理粉铁矿的技术及特点。总结了熔融还原中采用流化床处理粉铁矿应遵循的原则。参考国内外有关流化床处理粉铁矿的实践经验,提出了一种采用流化床处理粉铁矿的熔融还原炼铁新工艺流程,按照冶金功能分为4个系统:使用约800℃的还原煤气生产还原度约80%的DRI的流态化预热预还原系统;直接使用粉煤、高温高预还原度炉料、纯氧冶炼,二次燃烧率控制在20%左右的铁浴终还原系统;具有调节和变换终还原高温煤气和循环使用炉顶煤气功能的煤气改质系统;解决输出煤气利用的综合利用系统。     

铁精矿粉熔态还原炼铁与过程集成

以概念设计的方式,提出了一种新的使用铁精矿粉进行熔态还原炼铁的流程。设计了多级流化移动床预还原反应器和闪速熔态还原炉。放弃了炉内二次燃烧的概念,代之以能量最大回收的原则。通过与汽油合成装置或其他化工装置的集成,构造了一套冶金、化工集成生产系统,从原则上克服了熔态还原炼铁和由煤合成汽油存在的多种问题     

还原流化床内铁的析出形态与铁矿粉的粘结行为

用电子扫描电镜分析和探讨了铁矿粉在还原流化床中的粘结行为与金属铁析出形态的关系，结果表明，在不同的还原条件下，金属铁将以不同的形态析出，而铁矿粉在还原流化床中的粘结行为又受金属析出形态的影响，在一定温度下，粘结现象主要由铁晶须引起的。最后，为熔融还原流化床提出了一种新的，有效的预防粘结措施。     

The process analysis of fine iron ore reduced in fluidized bed

The processes of fine iron ore reduced in fluidized bed have been reviewed in this paper,the superiorities and limitations of the processes of direct reduction,pre-reduction in fluidized bed have also been comprehensively analysed,which matches with bath smelting furnace or coke bed type furnace.The analysis has also been made on several controversial topics,and the gas use ratio has been point out to be the key of the competition of the reduction process in fluidized bed.The suitability with final reduc...     

Energy Consumption in Smelting Reduction

The concepts of theoretical gas utilization ratio, smelting heat of iron ore and effective calorific value of coal were introduced in this work. The practical gas utilization ratio and the gas consumption in the shaft of a reduction unit for smelting reduction were discussed. The Corex process was optimized and the energy consumption was minimized according to the relationship of gas production in the smelting unit and the degree of iron ore reduction in the reduction unit. It was proven that the most important factor for saving energy in smelting reduction process is to use coal with suitable effective calorific value for the smelting heat of iron ore.     

Effects of pressure and plastic addition on sticking of fine iron ore particles in fluidized bed reduction

The adhesion of fine iron ore particles during fluidized bed reduction was studied using pressurized visible fluidized bed laboratory equipment.The results showed that the optimal operating parameters for pure hydrogen reduction under high pressure were reduction temperature of 1073 K,particle size of 0.18-0.66 mm,pure H₂ linear velocity of 0.8 m/s,reduction pressure of 200 kPa,and reduction time of 50 min.When plastic particles were mixed into the fluidized bed,the optimal parameters were reduction temperature of 973 K,particle size of 0.18-0.66 mm,pure H₂ linear velocity of 0.8 m/s,reduction pressure of 100 kPa,mass content of plastic particles of 8%,and reduction time of 65 min.The chemical reaction resistance is much higher than the inner diffusion resistance at the initial stage of the reaction,whereas,in later stage,the inner diffusion resistance exceeds the chemical reaction resistance.The contact area of iron atoms or iron whiskers gradually decreases with the increase in reduction pressure from 0.20 to 0.45 MPa,and the sticking trend gradually decreases.Adding plastic particles in the fluidized reduction process of fine iron ore can effectively inhibit the adhesion among fine iron ore particles.     

流化床处理粉铁矿工艺研究

评述了流化床处理粉铁矿的工艺,根据流化床反应器在工业中的应用实际,分别评述了流化床磁化焙烧生产铁精矿,流化床预热粉铁矿并低预还原度还原后添加到铁浴熔池,流化床生产直接还原铁(DRI)和碳化铁(Fe3C)作电炉炼钢原料,多级流化床生产较高预还原度DRI供熔融气化炉终还原冶炼铁水等工艺中流化床反应器的应用.